ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื
  • ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืช ืจื—ืœ

ื”ืฆืขืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ
- ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ 1


"...ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ ื•ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข - 'ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ื•ืื–...' ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”: ืคื ื™ื• ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื, ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื’ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• 'ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืฉืœื™ื' ื ื“ืœืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ื’ื—ืœื™ ืืฉ ืจื•ื—ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื‘, ื•ืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœื—ืฉ: 'ืืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืื™ื™ืกื“ ืฉื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“, ื›ืขื™ืŸ 'ื›ืจื ื“ื™ื‘ื ื”' ื•ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืืคืกื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฆื ืชื•ืจื”'...".

ืžื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื•ืขืจ ื–"ืœ, ืขืช ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืจ-ืžืฆื•ื”, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื˜"ืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”" ืขืž' ืจื‘

ืจืงืข ืœืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœื“"ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื•ืœืกื•ืคืจ ื ื—ื•ื ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘
ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” 2 , ื›ื™ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืงื•ืจื ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ, ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืคืจืฆื” ื‘ื˜' ื‘ืื‘ ื”'ืชืจืข"ื“, ื•ืฉืืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืžื— ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื’ื‘ืชื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ("ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื ื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ... ืืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”", ืื’ืจืช ืชืฉืœื• 3 ), ื ืจืื” ืคืชืื•ื ื›ืžืชื’ืฉื. ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืฃ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืขื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืขืจืขืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืกื“ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืœื”ืฉืชืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“.
ืืš ืขืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ืขื™ื›ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื’ื ื™ื–ืช ืื•ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“. ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื”, ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ืชืช ื•ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช, ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื›ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืช'ืžืื ื™ืช, ื‘ืื• ืืœ ืงื™ืฆื, ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ืžืื“, ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ื, ืืจืขื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื” ืืช ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื”ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืกื•ืขืจืช, ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื ืจืื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ, ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ, ื‘ื˜ื•"ื‘ ื‘ืžืจ-ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ื”'ืชืจืข"ื—, ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ื›ืขื ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™-ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื—ืžืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ืคืจืฆื” ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” 4 . ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื“ืคืก ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืืŸ, ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื›"ื— ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”'ืชืจืข"ื—. ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื 5 .
ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืจื™ืกืจ ื™ื•ื, ืžืื– ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื˜"ื– ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”'ืชืฉ"ื—, ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื– ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื”, ื”ืžืงื ื” ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื™ื”ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆืข ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื 6 .
ืžืจืŸ ื”"ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื" ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื", ื‘ืชื•ืš "ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื" ื—ืœืง ื’, ืขืž' ืงื›ื•-ืงื›ื–: "ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื“ืงืœืจืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืคื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื— ืžืื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื–ื” ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื– ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ 'ื•ืงื ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ', ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื 7 ...". ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžืื™ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื—ืœืง ื“, ืขืž' 548. ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ืืžืจื™ ืืžืช" ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืœื—ืชื ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉ"ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžื—ืช ืœื‘". ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื "ืจืžื– ืžืืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืืช ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”" 8 .
ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื•, ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืจื‘ ืงืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื•ืœื ื ื— ืœืจื’ืข. ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืœึดืคึฐืขื•ืœ ืขื ืึต-ืœ (ืขื™' ื•ื™ืงืจื-ืจื‘ื” ื›ื–, ื‘). ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ืขื™ืŸ ื“' ืืœ ื™ืจืื™ื•, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ "ืžืœืžื˜ื”". ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื–ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืฉืœืžื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
ืืžื ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืชื™ื-ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ. ื”ืจื‘ ืจืื” ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื›ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœื ืœืžืขืŸ ืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ: "ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื-ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื".
ืœืื—ืจ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”'ืชืจืค"ื˜, ื”ืชื—ืœืคื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืขืœืชื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืจืืฉ-ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืงื“ื•ืœื ื“ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืคืกืคื™ืœื“, ื™ืž"ืฉ, ืขืฉื• ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืžืœื™, ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื– ืžืช. ืคืกืคื™ืœื“ ื”ื ื™ื— "ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ืŸ" ื”ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช "ืจื’ืขื™ ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจื—ื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืชื”", ื’ื ืื– ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืœืชืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ, ื•ืืžืจ ืื–, ื›ื™ "ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื”", "ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืืžืฅ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉื˜ื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ื". ื”ืจื‘ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื’ื ืื ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื. "ื—ืžื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืชื”, ื›ื›ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืžืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”" 9 .
ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื ื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื”: "ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ... ื”ื ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ืžืจ-ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืงื• ื”ืžืžืฉื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื›ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช", ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื, ืขืž' ืงื™.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื“ื’ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ืžื›ืชื‘ ื–ื” ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื•ืœืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื ื“ืคืก ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืก ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ืžื›ืชื‘ ื–ื” ืžืกืžืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืืช ืคืชื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืฆืžื•.
ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, "ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™ืคื•" ืชืจื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืœื”ืฉื’ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืœื” ืžื’ื•ึนืœื” ืœื’ื•ึนืœื” - ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉื›ื–ื• 10 ("ืžื” ืžืื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ึดื™ - ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœื•ึผืชื™ - ืื™ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืขืžื ื• ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ึดืฉื•ื‘ื”ึผ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“"). ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื’ึธืœื” ื”ืจื‘ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื—ืžื•ึผืฉ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืžืฉื" (ืื’ืจืช ืชืฉืœื’) 11 . ื•ืžืขืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ื›ืจื—ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฅ ืœื”ืคื—ืช ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืจืžืช ื“ื’ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื ืก ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืงืœื” ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื 12 . ืืš ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช, ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ 13 .
ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืœื•, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื’ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื–ื•. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ื” ืฉื ื” ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืฆื™"ื”, ื‘ืกื˜ ื’ืืœืœืŸ ื•ื ึถืฉึธื˜ึตืœ, ื•ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื•, ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื• ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื• ืื–, ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืื–ืœ, ื•ืจ' ื–ืœืžืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™ืš. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืขืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืื”ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื” ื—ืจืœ"ืค ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื•ืจ' ืžื ื—ื ืžืขื ื“ื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ืจื™ืž"ื— ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ื™ืคื• ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื’ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืคืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ "ื“ื’ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข: ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ("ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช"), ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžื—ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคืกื— ืคืจื ืง, ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื”ื›ืชืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœืืจืฅ.

ื”ืื’ืจืช
ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงืจื ืขื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ "ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื”ื“"ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ (ื”'ืชืจืœ"ื”-ื”'ืชืฉื™"ื’, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื ืฉื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื•ืœืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืื™, ื ื—ื•ื ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ (ื”'ืชืจื™"ื˜-ื”'ืชืจืฆ"ื•, ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ืขื•ืจืš ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ื”ืฆืคื™ืจื”" 14 ), ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ, ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืฆืขื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื‘ื•ืฉืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื” 15 .

ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”
ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ\ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื•ืืœื• ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ืืžื ื, ื”ื“ื™ื ืžืจื•ื— ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”:
ื. ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื "ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”" ืœืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืขืž' ืฉืฆื•-ืฉืฆื– ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘"ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”" ื, ืขืž' 117, ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ ืžืžื›ืชื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“ื• ื•ื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื™ื“ื•, ืžื™ื•ื ื”' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื”'ืชืจืข"ื—, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ , ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•"ืจ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื ืฉื "ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงืจื ื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•, ื”ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ": "ืœื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืœืื›ืช-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื•ืœ... ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”". ื”ืจื‘ ื ืจื™ื” ืงื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืจืข ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงื” ื‘ืคื ืงืกื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ 16 (ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ "ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื") ืฉื ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื•, ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืคื” ืœื™ื•ื ืฉ"ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืขื•ืžืง-ื”ืืžืช, ืืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื™, ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ืืœืงื™, ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”...". ื’ื ื›ืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ (ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืชืฉืฅ) ื›ื™ ื‘ืืกื™ืคื” ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘, ืฉืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืืžืจ: "ื›ื™ ื›ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื™ (=ืžื”ืจืื™"ื”), ื•ื”ื ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช". ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชืžื ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื‘ื ื• ื›ืš: "ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืชืคืกื• ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืžื™ื“ - ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข".
ื‘. ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ื—ืจืœ"ืค ืืฆืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืจืข"ื— ื›ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช. ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืจืฆื• ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืขื•ื–-ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ื—ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืชื™"ื. ืžืื– ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื“ื• ื•ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื•, ื›ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื’ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืžื”. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ ื”ืจื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•"ื‘, ืื’ืจืช ืœื“, ืžื›"ื˜ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืจืข"ื—, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื ื™ืกื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉืžืขืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื•ื–ื ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ืฉ"ื”ื ื”ื• ืžืกื•ืจ ืืœื™ ื‘ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”". ื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 17 ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื• ืืœื™ื” ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ. "ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ืจื ื”ืง' ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืชื ื•, ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ (ืœืื•ืžื™ - ื”.ื›.) ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉื™ื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจืชื™ ืœื• (ืœื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ), ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื–ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื•ืžืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืชื ื• ื™ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืื“ ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• 'ื™ืืžืŸ ืœื™ ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื’ื ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืœ ืœื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”'" 18 .
ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื™ืž"ื— ืœื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื›ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ. ื’ื ืื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.

ื”ืงืžืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื” - ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื, ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”" ืœืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืจื™ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืขืž' ืจื™ื’-ืจื™ื“, ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืจืข"ื“, ื˜ืจื ืฉื’ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื” ืจ' ืจืคืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืฅ ื–"ืœ (ืจืื” ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' 475-479 ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื "ืžื–ืจื—ื™") ื•ืžืกืจ ื™ืคื•ื™-ื›ื— ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื“ื‘ื• ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื™ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื. ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืืฃ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ 19 .
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' ืฉื ื‘ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืกื•ืงืจ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™'ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืžืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ . ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ืคื•, ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื” ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ "ื”ืงืžืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ", "ืžืฉืืช ื ืคืฉื•" ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืขื“ ื›ื™ "ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•" ืื– "ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืชื—ืœื”".
ืืžื ื, ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช "ื›ืจื ื“ื™ื‘ื ื”" ื‘ื“ื•ืงื, ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ-ื–ื›ืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ "ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื”" ื›ื‘ืงืฉืช ื ืฆื— ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืืžืจ, ืžืขื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืช.
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื”ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื”, ืžืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืจืข"ื’, ืขืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืคื•, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืœ"ืžื–ืจื—ื™" (ืื’ืจืช ืชืฆื–): "ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช. ื™ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืชื”, ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื”, ืœื™ืกื“ ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืชื”, ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ื›ืžื” ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•, ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ, ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ "ื›ืจื ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื”" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื’:), ืืฉืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ืงึธื˜ื ื ื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขื ืงื™-ืืœ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž:) ืืœื”, ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื”ื, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื ื ื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืœืœื›ืช. ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื–ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืฆืขื“ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื”"ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื”, ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช "ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช" ืœื”ืŸ ื ืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ-ืœื‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื—ื ืŸ ื“' ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื™ืฆืœื—, ืœื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืง ืื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื”, ื”ืžืื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืจื—ืงื™-ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช".
ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื“ื’ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืขืช ืฉื—ึธื‘ึทืจ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืขื™ืžื• ืืจืฆื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืž-Westcliff ืฉื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืืœ ืจ' ื–ืœืžืŸ ืคื™ื ืก ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™ืš, ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื“ื’ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืฉื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื™ื™ื: "ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืืช ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืช ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ื™ื‘ื ื” ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”'ื›ืจื' ื•ื”'ื›ื ื™ืก ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ืฉื', ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืขืกืงื ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืœื ืขืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืขืชื”, ื•ืขืชื” ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื... ืชืฉื™ื ื”ืกืชื“ืจืชื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”... ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ... ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆืœืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื• ื•ืคืขื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื ืคืœืื”, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™-ื”ืžืžืฉื™..." 20 .

ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ืžื
ื™ื—ืกื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื—ืก ื—ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื, ื•ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘, ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ื ื˜ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืกื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช (ื›ืช"ื™) ืžื›ืชื™ืจ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืค' ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ: "ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืจ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื•ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืชืชืงื™ื– (ืื•ืชื” ื›ืชื‘ ืœื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืžืกืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”): "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ื‘ืขืžื™ื, ืจื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ืœื™ื”". ื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื—ื•ื ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘, ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืื—ืจืช (ื›ืช"ื™): "ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™, ืจื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื’ืจืช ื'ืง: "ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืชื—ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช".

ื”ืฆืขื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื”
ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืื’ืจืช ืžื›ืชื™"ืง
ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง
ืจื‘ ื•ืื‘-ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ื™ืŸ
ื“ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืคื• ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื” ื•ืชื™ื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ
ื›ืขืช ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ
ืžึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืงึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึทืช
ืคื” ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆ"ื•

ื‘"ื”, ื™"ื— ื›ืกืœื• ืชืจืข"ื—
ื“' ืขืžื›ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœ, ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื, ืžืจ ื ื—ื•ื ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ , ื•ืžืจ ื“"ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืืŸ ื "ื™,
ืฉืœื•' ืจื‘,
ืฆืจ ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ืจื•ืžืžื” ืœื”ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื, ื•ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ, ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืงื— ื‘ื–ื” ืขื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื•"ืž ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ื›ืจื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื”, ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืœืขื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื” , ื•ืืช ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืงืฅ ื”ืžื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืžืื™ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืœื–ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื”ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ืืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืงึดืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ืชื—ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฆื”. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉืชื™ื›ืฃ ื›ืฉืชื›ื ืก "ื™ื‘ื ื”" ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื•, ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืงื‘ืข ืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื "ื”ื›ืจื" ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื”, ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื—ื‘, ืฉืชื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื›ืœ ืžืงืฆืขื•ืชื™ื”, ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™, ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื.
ืื ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืœืฉื ืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืขืช ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื”ื‘ื• ื ืฉืœื‘ื” ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืืช ื“ื’ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื ึดืกื• ื™ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื™ ืชื‘ืœ, ื’ื ืžืขืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขื˜ื™ื. ืœื›ืฉืืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื›ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
ื‘ืจื’ืฉื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ืขื ื“' ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
ื”ืง' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง

ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื•
ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื” ื—ืจืœ"ืค ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืื’ืจืช ืžื›ืชื™"ืง
ื‘"ื” ื›"ื’ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ"ื˜ ืœืค"ืง, ื’' ืœืกื“ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ื”ื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืžื•ืจื ืžื”ืขื, ื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืจื•ืค' ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ , ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•.
ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”ื• ืžืขื•ืžืง ืœื‘ ื•ื ืคืฉ, ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืืจื™ืš ื“' ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ืœื ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื ืฉืจ ื ืขื•ืจื™ื•, ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืืช ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื•, ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื—ืžื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื‘ื”ืคืจื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ืงื“ืฉื ื• ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืงื“ืฉื ื•, ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ื›ืจืขื• ื‘ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช.
ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ืžื ืช ื—ืœืงืš ืืฉืจ ื ืคืœ ืœืš ื‘ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืฆื ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืชืš ืœืขื ืงื“ืฉื ื•, ื•ืื“ื™ืจ ื—ืคืฆืš ืžืื– ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืฆืจื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืงื“ืฉื• ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•ืชื• ืžืขื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื™ื•, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืœื ืœืš ื›ืคืขืœืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื—ื ื ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœื ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ืš ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขื ืงื“ืฉื•. ืืฉืจื™ืš ื•ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงืš.
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ื”ื ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื ืฉื›ื—ื•ืช, ืืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืชืงื ื• ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืขืช ืขืœื™ืช ืœื”ืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“-ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื”. ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืื•ืžื” ืœื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื” ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืขืฉืจืช ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ืœืœื™ื ื—ืœืœื™ ื‘ืช ืขืžื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื”ืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ืคืจืฆื•ืคื” ื”ืืžืชื™, ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจืžื™ ื”ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ืืจืžื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” "ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ", ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื“ื—ื™ ืืœ ื“ื—ื™, ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื” ื‘ึผึดื™ื•ึตืŸ ืžืฆื•ืœื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื– ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขืชื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืจื•ื—ื” ื•ืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืช ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืชืงื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืื– ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื• ืืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืœื‘, ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืึตืžื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ืขืชื™ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืš ื•ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชืš, ื›ื™ ืชื“ืข ืืช ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœืกื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื›ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืชืคืืจืชื•, ืชืคืืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืกืชื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื”ื ื, ื•ืชื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื ืจืืฉื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื“' ืืœืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ืžืคื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื™ืื• ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื•, "ื•ืฉืžืจืชื ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžืชื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื›ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืืžืจื• ืจืง ืขื ื—ื›ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”".
ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชืš ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืฉืžืช ืื– ืืช ืœื‘ืš, ื•ืฉืžืขืช ื‘ืื–ืŸ ืงืฉื‘ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื“ืžื™ ืœื‘ื‘ื™, ื•ืขื ื™ืช ื•ืืžืจืช: "ืœืื˜. ืœืื˜. ืœื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื•ืœื“, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ื“ืจื’ื”. ืืš ืžืขืฉื” ื“' ื”ื•ื, ื•ื›ืฉืืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช, ืœืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื•, ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืจ ื“ืจื’ื”, ืœื”ืจื™ื ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื•ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื—ืงื™ื". ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืช ืื– ื‘ืื–ื ื™.
ืขืชื” ืืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ื“'. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืช ื•ื‘ืื” ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืคื™ื ื•ืžื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ืžืขื•ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ื ืžื’ื•ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“, ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ืžืขื•ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื’ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืกืคื’ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ึนืฉืš ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฆื ื•ืืจืฅ ืžืžืฉืœืชื, ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืงื“ืฉื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื” ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ืžืœื•ื›ื•, ื ื”ืจื ืฉืžื›ื™ืคื™ื” ืžืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื™ ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžืš ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ.
ืขืชื” ืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžึดืœื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืš 21 .


^ 1. ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ื—ืจืœ"ืค ืœื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื•ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ.
^ 2. "ืžืœื—ืžืช-ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฆึฐืคึดื™ื” ื ื•ืจืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืงืฅ ื”ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ืคืœ, "ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”" ืกืข' ื.
^ 3. ืคืจืงื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืงื•ื‘ืฆื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™'ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื, ืขืž' 115.
^ 4. ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืจืื• ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”'ืชืจืข"ื–, ืื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื™"ื”: "ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื”. ื‘ืข"ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืžื’ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ืกื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืข"ืค ืขืฆืช ื“' ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื’ืœื”".
^ 5. ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”: ื‘ื–' ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืจ"ืค ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืกืŸ-ืจืžื• (ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”), ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ. ื‘ื›ืš ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ืขื ืงื” ื”ื›ืจื”, ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืคืขื, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื‘ื™"ื“ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”'ืชืจ"ืค ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืกืŸ-ืจืžื•. ื‘ื›"ื— ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื”'ืชืจืค"ื‘ ืื™ืฉืจ ืืฃ ื—ื‘ืจ-ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืกืŸ-ืจืžื•, ืจืง ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื›ืจืชื• ืืช ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจื”. ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฆื ื™ืฃ ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืœืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™'ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ "ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืขืž' 226 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
^ 6. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื–, ืืžื ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ืืš ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ, ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื“ ืœื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื ืžื”ืืจืฅ.
^ 7. ืื•ืจ-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื“, ื™ื– ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ "ื‘ืขึดืชื” - ืื—ื™ืฉื ื”", ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.
^ 8. ื ืชืคืจืกื ื‘"ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื‘ื˜ืื•ื ื” ืฉืœ "ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื˜"ื– ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ื”'ืชืจืฆ"ื’.
^ 9. ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ", ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' 248-251.
^ 10. ืจืื” ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ื, ืขืž' 61, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืงื ื™ืืœ: "ื›ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ื™ื™ืฅ. ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื ืฉื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ ืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืื– ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืžื”ืจ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ืื ื” ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื ืื•ืจื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืžื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื•", ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขืœ ืคื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจื˜. ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืื’ืจื•ืช ืชืชืœื‘-ื’, ืชืชื ื‘, ืชืชื ื•, ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจื™-ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' 331-332. ื•ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ื–"ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ-ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืขืž' ืฉืž, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืก' 14 ืกืข' 15, ื•ืžืก' 31 ืกืข' 12-17, ื•ืžืก' 59 ืขืž' 13-16, ื•ื‘"ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืœื•ืœ", ื ืกืข' ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช" ืขืž' ื ื—-ื ื˜ ื•ื‘ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื•ืืœืช ื—ืœืง ื, ืขืž' ืž, ืžื—; ื—ืœืง ื‘, ืขืž' ืจืคื—. ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื ืฆ' ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื›ืจืš ื”, ืขืž' 187-190. ืžื•ืขื“ื™-ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' ืฉืฆื-ืฉืฆื“. ื—ื™ื™-ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' ืจื™ื—-ืจื™ื˜. ื•ื›ืŸ: "ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช - ืžืกืขื•ืช ื•ืžื’ืขื™ื", ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื“ื ื™, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”'ืชืฉ"ื, ืขืž' 71, ื”ืขืจื” 2. "ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘" ืœืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืฆื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืž' ืœื—-ืž. ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืขืž' ืงืœื˜-ืงืž. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง" ืœื”ืจื‘-ื”ืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”-ืœื™ื‘ ืคื™ืฉืžืŸ-ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืขืž' ืงืœื“-ื—.
^ 11. ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื: "ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื’ืœื”", ื•"ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืœืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™'ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื—ืœืง ื, ืขืž' 111-120.
^ 12. ืจืื” ืื’ืจื•ืช ืœืจืื™"ื” ืื’ืจืช ืคื– ืžื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ืขืœ ื”ื“ืื’ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืš ืชื•ืš ืงื™ืคื•ื— ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื“ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš - ืจืื” ืื’ืจื•ืช ืœืจืื™"ื” ืžืื’ืจืช ืคื˜ ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงืจื ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ "ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืžึตื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืฉืžืŸ-ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจ ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืงื™ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช "ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™" ืœืฉื ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ (ืžื ื’ื“ - ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืชืชืขื”), ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ื“ ื›ื™ "ืื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื• ืชืคืขื ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ื‘ื•ื“-ืชื•ืจืชื• ื”ืžืœื ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœืขืžื ื• ื•ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ืงื“ืฉื ื•" (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื ืื’ืจืช ืงืคื“). ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืžืก' 14 "ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ", ืกืข' 15; ืžืก' 74 "ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ", ืกืข' 6.
^ 13. ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘, ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืจืื•ืช ืœืชืืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ.
^ 14. ืข' ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื™ื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื›ืจืš ื”, ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืขืž' 317.
^ 15. ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืžืก' 14 "ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ", ืกืข' 15.
^ 16. "ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ" (ื—) ืกืข' ืงื›ื•.
^ 17. ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืœืจืื™"ื” ืื’ืจืช ืฆื’ ืžืฆื™ืข ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ืจ' ืฉืœืžื” ืžื ื—ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื•ื™ื‘, ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ.
^ 18. ื‘ื›' ื‘ืžื ื—ื-ืื‘ ื”'ืชืจืข"ื— ืคืจืกื ื”ื’ืจื™ืž"ื— "ืžื›ืชื‘ ื’ืœื•ื™" ื‘ืŸ ื˜"ื– ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก "ืืœ ืžื’ืžืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืžืจืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื– ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื•ืชืคืืจืชื ื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื‘"ื, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื— ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ" (ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, "ื”ื“ ื”ืจื™ื" ืžื”ื“' ืืœื•ืŸ-ืžื•ืจื” ื”'ืชืฉื "ื–, ืกื™' ืžื‘). ืžื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื ืžืฆื, ืืฃ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืœื• ื’ื•ืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืฉืœ"ื’ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืžื”ื“' ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ื“ืคื™ืกื• ื›ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฆืžืื™, ื“ืง ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ื• ื•ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืช ืœื• ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ืืžืจื™ื•.
^ 19. ืื’ื‘, ืฉื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืจื™'ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืคืกืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ืœืŸ.
^ 20. ืฆืžื— ืฆื‘ื™ ืื’ืจืช ืค, ืขืž' ืจ.
^ 21. ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืœืขืช ืขืชื”.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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