ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
  • ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ
undefined
3510
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื
ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืชื‘ืจืš, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึธื” ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืžึฐืงึทืœึผึถืœึฐืšึธ ืึธืึนืจ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืžืชื‘ืจืš (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื— ืข"ื‘), ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžืชื‘ืจืš (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื” ืข"ื‘).
ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”:
"ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”, ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืžึฐืงึทืฆึผึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื• ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื". ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• "ื›ื•ึนืก ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ". ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืคืกืงื• ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš": "ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš โ€“ ืžืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื•" (ืื•"ื— ืจื ื’').
ื”"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืก"ืง ื”) ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืฉืื›ืœ ื•ื ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช "ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ืจื—" ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœื. ื•ืื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืžืชืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื•. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” (ืก"ืง ื™ื“): ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื”ืื“ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืจืš, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืงืœืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื•.

ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• (709)
ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
189 - ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืชืคื™ืœืชื™
190 - ื•ึฐื–ึนืืช ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื”
191 - ืœึธืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐื ึถื”
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
 ื—ึฒื˜ื•ึนืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ ืข"ื‘) ืœืžื“ ื–ืืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืจึฐืึตื” ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ืขึดื ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ" (ืงื”ืœืช ื˜). ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜, ืื ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืืฉืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืœืื›ื”. ื•ื–ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืœืœืžื“ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”: "ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึน ืึปืžึผึธื ื•ึผืช. ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื, ืึทืฃ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ื˜ื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื”ึธืจ (ืœืœืžื“ื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”). ืžึทืื™ ื˜ึทืขึฒืžึธื? ื—ึทื™ึผื•ึผืชึตื™ื”ึผ ื”ึดื™ื (ืื ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ื™ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•).
ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื’ ืข"ื‘) ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืžืจื: "ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืจึทื‘ ืœึฐื—ึดื™ึผึธื ื‘ึฐืจึตื™ื”ึผ, ื—ึฒื˜ื•ึนืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืจึทื‘ ื”ื•ึผื ึธื ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ื‘ึทืจึตื™ื”ึผ, ื—ึฒื˜ื•ึนืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ". ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืœื‘ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื: ืื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” โ€“ ืืœ ืชื”ืกืก ืืœื ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื•ืชื‘ืจืš. ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืœื‘ื ื• ืจื‘ื, ืื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” โ€“ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ืจืš. ืืœ ืชืกืจื‘. ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืžืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืชื• "ื”ืื“ืžื”"
ื—ืกื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืœ ืข"ื) ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ื”ืื™ ืžืืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ. ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืืžืจื™ ืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช". ืื ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ื“, ืฉื™ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืœื ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•, ืื• ืฉื™ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”.
ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื™ื
ืขืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ืกื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”", ื›ืฉื ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืกื” ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจื™, ืืœื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ "ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”". ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืกื” ื”ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื” ืข"ื).
ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ืœืคื•ืช
ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื• ืข"ื) ืฉื“ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฆืœืฃ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื’ื ืืช ื”"ืชืžืจื•ืช" ืฉืœื•, ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื, ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื™ ื”ืฆืœืฃ, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœืฃ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”", ื•ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื”ืฆืœืฃ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ". ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื”ืœื›ื”.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆืœืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื— ื ืžื•ืš, ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืฅ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื–ืข ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœื ืžืชื—ืœืฃ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ". ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ืื“ืžื”" ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืืœื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ื•ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืขืฅ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื“ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืื›ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ" (ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืข ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื - ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื‘).

ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ" ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ
ืงื•ืจื ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœืฃ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืชื ื”ื™ื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ". ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื )ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื• ืข"ื) ืฉื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืจื" ื”ื™ื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ". ื•ืžื”ื• ืงื•ืจื? ื‘ืขืจื•ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ: "ืงื•ืจื โ€“ ืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืงืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืš". ื–ื” ื”ื ืงืจื ืงื“ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืฉื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื• ื”ืฆืžื— ื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœืงื“ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืžืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ืคื™ื. ืฉื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ: "ืงื•ืจื ืจืš ืฉืœ ื“ืงืœ ื›ืฉืขื ืคื™ื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช, ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืจืš ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืชืงืฉื” ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืขืฅ". ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ".
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืœืฃ ืœืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆืœืฃ ื ื™ื˜ืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื, ื”ืชืžืจื•ืช ื•ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™. ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ื”ื“ืงืœ ื ื™ื˜ืข ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื. ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื "ื“ืงืœื ืœื ื ื˜ืขื™ ืื™ื ืฉื™ ืื“ืขืชื โ€“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื, ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื• ืžืžืขื˜ ืขื ืคื™ ื”ืื™ืœืŸ" (ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื• ืกื™' ื’).

ืขืœื™ ื’ืคื ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืจื›ืชื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ"
ืžืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ: "ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื•ืœื‘ื™ ื’ืคื ื™ื ื“ืœื ื ื˜ืขื™ ืื™ื ืฉื™ ืื“ืขืชื ื“ื”ื›ื™ โ€“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•, ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืจื›ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืงืœื™ืคืชื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื ื˜ืขื™ ืœื”ื• ืื“ืขืชื ื“ื”ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ื• ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืชื‘ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœ".
ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื“ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื): "ื•ืขืœ ืงื•ืจื ื•ืขืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ื™ ื’ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืฉื”ื ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื™ื”ื, ืžื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื›ืœ". ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ" โ€“ "ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ื”ื“ืงืœ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชืžืจื™ื, ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ 'ืงื•ืจื' โ€“ ืคืจื™. ื•ื”ื™ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ืืœื ืฉื”ื›ืœ" (ื‘"ื™).

ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืงื•ื‘ืข
ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ ื’ืคื ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจื– ืื• ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ. ืื ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจื– โ€“ ื‘ืจื›ืชื "ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช", ื•ืื ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ โ€“ ื‘ืจื›ืชื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ" ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืืช ืขืœื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžื. ืื ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืื•ืจื– โ€“ ื‘ืจื›ืชื ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ ื’ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ".
ืขืœื™ ื’ืคื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื‘ื—ืจืงื™ื
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ืขืœื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืกืชื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" (ื™ื•"ื“ ืคื“). ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืกืชื”ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ ื‘ืฆืคืช ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ืจื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ืคืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ืจืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืงื•ืชื, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ืืžื ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืจืงื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ.
ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืขืœื™ ื’ืคืŸ ืจืง ืื ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื•ืžืชื• ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื• ืœืขืคืจ. ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ืคืŸ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ ืื• ืœืชื ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืจืคื• ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื•ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืืคืจ, ื•ืื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ.

ืงื ื” ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ
ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ. ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”" (ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื‘): "ืขืฅ ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืงืื ื™ืœ"ื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืื›ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืงื ื™ื". ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆื•ืžื— ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืงื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืชื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ).
ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืืช ืกื‘ืจืช "ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜" (ืกื™' ืงืก): "ืคืœืคืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ. ืคื™ืœืคืœื™ืŸ ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื›ืœืœ ื“ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืคืœื™ืŸ ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืคืจื™ ืืœื ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืืœื 'ืฉื”ื›ืœ' ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื—".
ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืคืกืง ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”" ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืœื™ืคื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจื™. ืื‘ืœ "ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืจื‘ ืก"ืง ืจื™ื) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื“ืขืช "ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜" ื•ืคืกืงื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ" ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืคืกืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืจื›ืชื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ" ("ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื“).
ืืžื ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ "ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜" ืคืกืง ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคืœืคืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืื›ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื’ื ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื—ืง, ืืœื ื‘ืชื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื—ืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื‘ ืก"ืข ื˜ื–).

ืฉืงื“ื™ื โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืง
ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืชืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” โ€“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ". ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืœื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืคืจื™. ื•ื›ืฉื™ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืžื™ื โ€“ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื—"ื ืกื™' ืชื›ื— ื•ืชืจืคื‘).
ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืžืจื™ื, ืฉืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื (ื•ืืฃ ืกื›ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืจืขืœ) โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืžื‘ืจืš "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ". ื•ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื โ€“ ืœื ืžื‘ืจืš ื›ืœืœ. ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืื• ืงืœื™ื™ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื‘ ืก"ืข ื”').

ืคื™ืฆื•ื— (ื‘ืจื›ืช) ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื "ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื", ืฉื ื–ืจืขื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื™ ืื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื›ืชื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”". ืืžื ื ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื”ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจืก. ื•ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืฃ ืื ืœื ืื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื™ ืก"ืข ื'), "ืœื›ืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ 'ื‘ืจื™ื”' ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื–ื™ืช". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืื• ืื—ืจื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื, ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืจื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื“ืœืขืช, ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื "ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื", ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื‘) ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื• ืข"ื‘) ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจื™, ื•ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื, ืฉืืžืจื” ื›ื™ "ืงืœื™ืคื™ ืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืฅ ืฉืœื•, ืงืœื™ืคื™ ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœื”". ื•ื”ืœื ืขืจืœื” ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืคืจื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืฅ. ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืขืจืœืชื ืขืจืœืชื• ืืช ืคืจื™ื•". ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื™ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจื™.
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื™' ืจ"ื‘) ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืขืจืœื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืคืจื™, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืืช ืคืจื™ื• โ€“ ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืœ ืœืคืจื™" "ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืคืจืกืงื™ืŸ ืฉื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืจื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืœื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื”ื• ื›ืœื•ื ื•ืœืื• ืื“ืขืชื ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ื ื˜ืขื™ ืœื”ื• ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื™ ืžืžืชืง ืœื”ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ โ€“ ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ".
ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืื•"ื— ืจ"ื‘, ื’) ืคื•ืกืง ื›ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืคืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ", ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ื“ืœืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”". ืืžื ื ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ื•ื›ืชื‘ "ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื". ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ" (ื›ื”"ื— ืจื‘ ืก"ืง ืœื–).
ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ืœื™ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื. ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืขืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”" ื›ื“ืขืช ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš". ื•ืจืง ืื ืืกืฃ ืื“ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืงืœื” ืžื”ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื” โ€“ ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ".

ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”
ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืกืคื•ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื. ืฉื•ืืœ ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ืจื“): ืื ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื ืฉืชืœืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื”, ืœืžื” ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” "ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช" ืื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”"? ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœ ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืžื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืœืžื” ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”" ืื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช"?
ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืœื›ื™ื. ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื’ื•ืจืข ืžื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืจื‘ ืก"ืข ื™ื‘).
ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื] "ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืื™ืช ืœื”ื• ืขื™ืœื•ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื‘ืคืช". ื™ืฉ ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืœืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืจื” ืื• ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืžืขืœืชื. ื‘] "ืื™ ื ืžื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื” ืฆืœื•ืœ ืขื™ืงืจื• ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคืช ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื™ื. ื‘ืจื›ืชื ืฉื”ื›ืœ" (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื“ ืก"ืข ื).

ื’ื ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ืœ ื“ื’ืŸ ื‘ื’ืŸ

ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ โ€“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ: "ื”' ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื™ื. ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ โ€“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื’ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื•ื‘.

ืื ืื™ื ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ โ€“ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืงืจ
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืชื ื• ืืช ืงืžื— ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืจืง ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ โ€“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืจืง "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœ ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ, ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืจืง "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ".
ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืง, ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืฉืงื“ื™ ืžืจืง ืื• ืขื ืงืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื. ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืจืง, ื•ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืœื˜ืขื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืง ื•ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ืื• ื”ืงืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื. ืืžื ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื”ืžืจืง ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ืคืœ, ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืงื“ื™ ืžืจืง ืื• ืงืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช โ€“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช", ื•ื”ืžืจืง ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•.

ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืื•ืจื– ืื• ืชื™ืจืก
ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื• ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื–ืืช ืžื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื: ื] ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื• ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืœื‘ ื ื•ื›ืจื™. ื‘] ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ืขื›ื•"ื. ื’] ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ื›ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื• ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืงืžื— ืชื™ืจืก ืื• ืงืžื— ืื•ืจื– ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืืœื” ื‘ืจื›ืชื "ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ".
ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื• ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ืžืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืงืžื— ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื›ืชื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” "ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช". ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ืชื™ืจืก ืื• ืื•ืจื–. ืžื” ื‘ืจื›ืชื? ื”ืื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื’ืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงืžื—ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื?

ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื•ืจื– ืื• ืชื™ืจืก ื•ื—ื™ื˜ื”
ื›ืชื‘ ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื— ืก"ืข ื˜): "ืขื™ืจื‘ ืงืžื— ื“ื•ื—ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงืžื— ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”; ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืคืช, ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ".
ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ื’ื” ืื• ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื• ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ืื• ื—ืฆื™ื• ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื›ื“' โ€“ ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” "ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช" ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”". ื›ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืงืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ื•ืื ืื›ืœ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช โ€“ ืžื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”" ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”"ื›ื–ื™ืช" ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงืžื—ื™ื ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื”.

ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืขื˜ ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ
ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืžื—ื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืจื–, ืชื™ืจืก ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ื•ื“ื•ืงื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงืžื— ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื›ื–ื™ืช ื“ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจืก, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ื“ื’ืŸ ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจืก, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”; ื•ืื ื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืžื‘ืจืš ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื•ืจื ื ืคืฉื•ืช".
"ื›ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจืก" ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื™ื‘ ืก"ืข ื“). ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืž"ื›ื–ื™ืช", ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื”. ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช 16.6% ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื“ื’ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื• ืœื“ื’ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ โ€“ ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” "ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช", ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”" ืื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื›ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื‘ืจื›ื”.
ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ 12.5% ืœ-16.6% ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” (ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจืก ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื). ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ 16.6% ืฉืœ ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ, ื•ืื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ "ื›ื–ื™ืช" ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ โ€“ ืžื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”".

ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื
ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-50% ืงืžื— ื—ื™ื˜ื” ืื• ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื "ื›ื–ื™ืช" ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”" ืื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืงืžื—ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืื ืื›ืœ "ื›ื–ื™ืช" ืžื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”". ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืงืก ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ืจืš ืจืง "ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช", ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืง ืื ืื›ืœ "ื›ื–ื™ืช" ืžื”ื‘ืฆืง ื•ืœื ืžื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™. ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืฉืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”", ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.

ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข
ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ" ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื—) "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”" โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืŸ. "ื•ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืืจืฅ. "ืจื—ื" โ€“ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. "ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื”' ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘" โ€“ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.
ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—): "ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ื—ืชื™ืžื” 'ื›ื™ ืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืืชื”' ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“". ื•ืžืกื›ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ "ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช". ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”" ื”ื™ื "ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข" ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื "ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ". ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช "ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ"?
ื•ืชื™ืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืืœื ืขืœ ืฉื ื’' ืฉื”ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื". ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื™"ื— ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™"ื˜ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ "ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื" ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ", ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”.
ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื— ืข"ื‘): "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื ึธืชึธืŸ, ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทื–ึผึธืŸ, ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืจึทื“ ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึทืžึผึธืŸ. ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐื ึฐืกื•ึผ ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืชึผึดืงึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึถื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื. ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ, 'ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึถืšึธ'. ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ, 'ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื'. 'ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึตื˜ึดื™ื‘' - ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื‘ึฐื ึถื” ืชึผึดืงึผึฐื ื•ึผื”ึธ, ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึฒืจื•ึผื’ึตื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึธืจ, ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ืžึทืชึฐื ึธื, ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื”ึฒืจื•ึผื’ึตื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึธืจ ืœึดืงึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”, ืชึผึดืงึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื‘ึฐื ึถื”, 'ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึตื˜ึดื™ื‘'. 'ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ โ€“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึดืกึฐืจึดื™ื—ื•ึผ, 'ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึตื˜ึดื™ื‘' โ€“ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดืงึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”".
ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืชื ื•. ื‘ืืžืช ืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช "ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ" ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืืฃ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืชื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืงืจื“ื™ื ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืœืืจื“
ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฆืœื‘ ืื• ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ืฆืœื‘. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืจืื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคื•ืœืืจื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืงืจื“ื™ื ืœ "ื—ืฉื•ื‘" ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื“ืื–.
ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืคืžืœื™ื™ืชื• ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื˜, ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช "ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง. ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื˜, ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™-ื•ืขืจื‘ ืฉืขืœ ื—ื•ืœืฆื”, ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืจืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืคื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื ืœ.
"ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•?", ืคืชื— ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื˜. "ื›ืŸ", ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘. "ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื", ืืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื˜. "ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข", ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘. "ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ" ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, "ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคื•ืœืืจื“ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ื’ื ืœืงืจื“ื™ื ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืชืช ืœื• ื‘ืจื›ื”".
ืœืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืœืืจื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืžืžืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฆืœืžื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื›ืžื• ืืกืชืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฆืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืชื‘ืจืš, ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจืš

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช . ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื›ืš (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื–ื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ืช, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืœืชืจื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื)?
ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื‘ืช. ืืช ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืชืขืฉื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืœื ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืœื‘.

ืื ื—ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” . ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืื• ืฉื–ื” "ืงืจื“ื•ื ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื”"?
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื ื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืš ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”.

ืžืกื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื— . ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืœื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“?
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกื ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ืœื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืœื”ืคืš.

ืžืืฉืคื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื . ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืฉืคื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ?
ืืกื•ืจ.
undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    1:00
    ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ื•

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•" ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš" ื•ื”"ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื", ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืืช-ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    42 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื

    ืžื” ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช? ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”? ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื’ืœ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    5 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื—ื•ืงืช - ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”

    ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    47 ื“ืง'
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจ ?

    ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•.

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    42 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ืงื•ืจื— - ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    37 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ' - ืœ"ื

    ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” | ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช | ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ | ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ | ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช |ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

    ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘

    ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘''ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘''ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘. ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ | ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค''ื•
  • undefined
    1:02
    ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื

    ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชืคื“ื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

    ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช | ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ | ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœื | ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ | ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื“ื” | ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืงื• | ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ืœืื™ืœื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    38 ื“ืง'
    ืžืœื›ื™ื - ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™

    ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ืคืจืง ื›"ื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›"ื‘ - ืœ'

    ืœืžื” ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ? ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืงื? ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ - ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื? ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืœ"ื— - ืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”. ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื—ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืคืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช- ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืคืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื›"ื“ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il