ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื
  • ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”
undefined
14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”

ืกื•ื›ื•ืช





ื - ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•
ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ืžื›ืš ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• 'ืฉืžื™ื ื™', ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื” ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช. ื•ืื ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช (ืจ"ื” ื“, ื‘).
ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืœื›ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ "ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•". ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืœื ืกืš ืžื™ื ืขื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ื’ื ืฉืžื• ืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื 'ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช' ืืœื 'ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช', ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. 1 ืฉื ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช - ืฉื‘ืขื” ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืœ ืื—ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื’, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืš ืคื•ื—ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืคืจื™ื. ื•ืื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ืฉืฉื” ืคืจื™ื, ื•ืžื›ืš ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื˜, ืœื‘-ืœื˜).
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืจื’ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื–, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืกื—, ื).

ื‘ - ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืคืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืžื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” - ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื•: ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื•: ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื”ื ื” ืžืžืš" (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”, ื‘). ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื‘ืžื“"ืจ ื›ื, ื›ื“): "ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื–ื™ืžืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืืžืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื•: ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื ื• ื™ื“ื™ื ื• (ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื•) ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื’ืœื’ืœ ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืชืžืฆื, ืœื™ื˜ืจื ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ืฉืœ ื“ื’ ืื• ื™ืจืง. ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื, ื’ืœื’ืœื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื, ื‘ืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืœ ืื—ื“".
ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ืืžื•ืจ ืงื“, ื‘), ืฉื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ (ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœืืจื—ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš, ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืขืžื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ืœืื” ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื ื ืฉืžื— ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื˜, ืœื”): ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื, ืœื›ื - ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
"ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืžืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืงืœืกื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”' ื ึธื’ึดื™ืœึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ื•ึน (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื—, ื›ื“). ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ืื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื”? ื‘ื ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื, ื“): ื ึธื’ึดื™ืœึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ - ื‘ืš ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืš, ื‘ืš ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชืš..." (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืคื ื—ืก ืชืฉืคื‘).
ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ 'ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช', ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื–ื•ืœืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื”', ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื•.

ื’ - ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืจืช
'ืขืฆืจืช' ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ืขึฒืฆึธืจึธื”', ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืชืืกืคื™ื ืœืขืฆืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™. ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ื™ืžื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืคืจื”, ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืœืงืจืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆืจืช ืคืจื™ื“ื”. "ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื–ื™ืžืŸ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ, ืืžืจ: ื‘ึธึผื ึทื™, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื›ื ืขื›ื‘ื• ืขืžื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ ืคืจื™ื“ืชื›ื" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื•).
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ื 'ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช' ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ื ื—ืชื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืงึดืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”'. ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ืื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”'. ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื˜ื•): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ืึทืšึฐ ืฉื‚ึธืžึตื—ึท". ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื— ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื’ (ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ ืจืœ"ื’).
ื•ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื–ื•, ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”' ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื ื• ืœืขื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื—): "ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ืœึทื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ", ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคืกื— ืื ื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืœื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•. ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืงืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื˜, ืœื”): "ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื " (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื’, ื•, ื‘ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ืฉื’ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ืงืจื ืขืฆืจืช).
ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืข, ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืงืฅ. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื•, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื”. ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžืชืงื ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ืช, ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืกืคื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืžืชืื™ื ื’ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘').

ื“ - ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉื
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืฉื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”', ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืœื ื• ื’ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืืช ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื "ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื", ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช, ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืœื ื• ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”.
ื•ืืžื ื ืžืฆื“ ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ื’ืฉื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืœืœื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื• ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช.
ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืฉื. ืื‘ืœ ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื. ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื–, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื” (ื‘"ื™ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื“, ื-ื‘).
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉื, ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืœืงืจืืชื” ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื. ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืฉ 'ืงื™ื˜ืœ' ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื ื’ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื.
ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ื’ืฉื. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืœื—ืฉ - "ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื", ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื–ื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืืžืจื• ืืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื’ืฉื, ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืœื—ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ.
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื—ื’ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื“ืื’ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ืœืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ, ืฉื‘ื ืžื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช, ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืจื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื’ืฉื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื–, ื). ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.
ื”ืฉื•ื›ื— ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ 'ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืœ' ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื•ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”'. ื•ืื ืฉื›ื—, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื—, ื“-ื”).
ื ืžืฉืœื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ื, "ืžื” ืžื™ื - ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” - ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื" (ืกืคืจื™ ืขืงื‘ ืž"ื—). ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืฉืžื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘'ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช', ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื 'ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”' ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื” - ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ื™ื•ื ื–ื” 'ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”'. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ื“, ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช. 2
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื. ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืฉื ื–ื•ืœืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืื—"ื›: ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ืœืงืจื™ืืช 'ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช', ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืžืคื˜ื™ืจ.
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื›ื”ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืขื•ื“ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื• ืœืขื•ื“ ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืžืขืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื’ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™. ื•ืื ืืคืฉืจ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื™ืขืœื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœื•ื™ (ืž"ื‘ ืงืœื”, ืœื–). ืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘, ืžื—). ื•ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•, ืžืขืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฆืœ ื‘ืขืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืžื” ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื—"ื› ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืœื›ื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื›ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื. ื•ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืš ืžืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช 'ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื', ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืื˜ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื•ื”ื˜ืฃ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื”. ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืžึฐืขึนื ึธื”', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื” ืืœื™ื” 'ื—ืชืŸ ืžึฐืขึนื ึธื”'.
ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื.

ื• - ื—ืชื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”
ืืจื‘ืข ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘'ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”', ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืืœื™ื” ื ืงืจื 'ื—ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”'.
ื’ื ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื” ืืœื™ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• 'ื—ืชืŸ ืžึฐืขึนื ึธื”' ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื™ืช 'ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื'.
ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจ, ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžื™ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• 'ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช'. ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœืงื•ืจืื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉืขื” ืงืœื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืืœื ืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื” (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืกื—, ื™).
ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ืช 'ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช', ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื”'ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ', ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช 'ืคื ื—ืก' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืกื—, ื‘).
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื›ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, "ืฉืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื‘). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”: "ืจึทืง ื—ึฒื–ึทืง ื•ึถืึฑืžึทืฅ ืžึฐืึนื“ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™, ืึทืœ ืชึผึธืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืื•ืœ, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึผึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึตืœึตืšึฐ. ืœึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืฉื ืกึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืžึดืคึผึดื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐื”ึธื’ึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื”" (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื, ื–-ื—). ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื.
ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ 'ืœืžื›ื•ืจ' ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืจื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืื• ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ (ื›ื ื”"ื’, ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจืกื˜, ื’). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืขืœื• ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืงื ื•, ื•ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื ื’ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืกื˜, ื–).
ืžื™ ืฉืขืœื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืื—"ื› ืจืฆื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ 'ื—ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”' ืื• 'ื—ืชืŸ 'ืžึฐืขึนื ึธื”' ืื• 'ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช' ืื• 'ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ', ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขืœื” ืœ'ื—ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”' ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœ'ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœ (ื"ืจ, ืคืž"ื’, ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจืกื˜, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื‘). ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœื•ื™ ืœ'ื—ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”' ื•ืœ'ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช' (ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ื‘ื›ื•ืจ"ื™ ืชืจืกื˜, ื“).
ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช 'ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”', ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืืชื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืกื˜, ื˜ื•).

ื– - ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื—ื•ืคืคืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืจื•ื ืžืขืœืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ืœื ื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื, ื–; ื”, ื˜). ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื•ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื›ืœื ื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื‘ืขืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื–ื” ืžืื•ื“.
ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื•ืœื™ื. ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”, ื•ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•ืจื•ืงื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” ืขื ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืงืคื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืข ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื–). ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
ืžืฆื“ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื 'ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”', ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคื•ืช. ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืจืจ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืขื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื”, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืชื ืžืขื›ื‘ืช.
ืืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื—ื™ื“"ื ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืžืช ืกื•"ืก ื›ื•). ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื•ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื™ืคื•ื’ ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื“ืขืชื ืชื”ื™ื” ืฆืœื•ืœื”, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื˜, ื; ืค"ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื™ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ืœื—).
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื•ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืขื ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืงืคื” ื•ื”ืงืคื” - ื™ืขืžื•ื“. 3
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืืจ"ื™, ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ 'ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช', ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืŸ 'ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื•ืช'. ื•ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ื™ึตืจืื• ื›ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืื•ืจื— ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืžื‘).

ื— - ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืฉืžื—ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ืขืœื” ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•. ืžื›ืืŸ "ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื’ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”" (ืฉื”ืฉ"ืจ ื, ื˜).
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื‘ื— ืื‘ื™ื™, ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ืžืกื›ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉ'ื—ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”' ื•'ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช' ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”.
ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื–ื•, ืขื“ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืœืžื—ื•ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจ (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื•, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืœื˜, ื’), ื”ื•ืจื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื•ืœืžื—ื•ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืขืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืชื”, ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื‘, ื™ื—). 4
ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ึทืงึฐื”ึตืœ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื”ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงื”ืœื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื•ืกื™ืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ ืจืœ"ื’): "ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื— ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื“... ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ-ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžื— ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ื– ื•ื—ื“ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืื“ื ืชืื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื• ื›ืœืคื™ื“ ืืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืจืช, ื•ืžืกืคืง ื›ืฃ ืืœ ื›ืฃ, ื•ืžืคื–ื– ื•ืžื›ืจื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื– ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ-ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื—ืจื•ื– - ืืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื..." (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืขืœื” ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”' ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉืœื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื• ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ืจืงื“ ื•ื›ืจื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื– ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคืฅ ื›ืฉืจื’ืœื™ื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื ื’ืœื• ืžืขื˜, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื• ืžืคื–ื–ื™ื ื•ืžืจืฉืจืฉื™ื (ื‘ืžื“"ืจ ื“, ื›). ื›ืฉืจืืชื” ื–ืืช ืืฉืชื•, ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื‘ื–ื” ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืฆืื” ืœืงืจืืชื• ื‘ื ื–ื™ืคื”, ืขืœ ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื” ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื™ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื•ืืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”: ืœื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืจืงื“ืชื™, ืืœื "ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึตืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน ืœึฐืฆึทื•ึผึนืช ืึนืชึดื™ ื ึธื’ึดื™ื“ ืขึทืœ ืขึทื ื”' ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดื—ึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”'. ื•ึผื ึฐืงึทืœึผึนืชึดื™ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึดื–ึผึนืืช, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉืึธืคึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึธื™, ื•ึฐืขึดื ื”ึธืึฒืžึธื”ื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึฐ - ืขึดืžึผึธื ืึดื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“ึธื”!" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื•, ื›ื-ื›ื‘).
ืืžืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืงื“ ื•ืฉืžื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉืœื ืชื™ืคืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ืจืขื• (ืจ"ื™ ืืœื’ืื–ื™ ืฉืœืžื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืจืฆื“, ื‘). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” (ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืฉ ืžื‘ืขืœื–). ื•ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื– ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืกื˜, ื™ื).




^ 1.. ืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” 'ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช' ื‘ืžืงื•ื 'ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช', ืื ืœื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœ"ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื ื•" ื•ื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืื ืขืงืจ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ื™"ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•"ื— ื“; ื—"ื ื›ื—, ื˜ื•). ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ (ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืชืจืกื—, ื‘; ืžืืž"ืจ ื; ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื”ืจ"ืฉ ืงืœื•ื’ืจ ืงืžื—; ืฉื•ืืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืžื”ื“ื•"ื“ ื•, ื›ื‘; ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื“, ื ื). ื•ืื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื•ืจืง ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจืกื—, ื‘; ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘). ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื— 'ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื•"ื˜, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงืฆืช ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื. ื•ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืง, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘, ื•, 5; ื•ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“, ื—).
^ 2.. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช (ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื’, ื).
^ 3.. ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื’, ื‘: ืื ืœืคื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ืœื‘): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื“ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึธืงึตืŸ", ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืคื‘, ื‘, ืืœื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื ื˜ื” ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืก"ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ืฉืื– ื”ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”. ื•ืจืฉื–"ื ืœื™ืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื– ืžืงื•ื ืก"ืช ืฉื™ืงื™ืคื• ืขื™ืžื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ (ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื‘, ื˜). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืžื‘, ื˜ื–, ื“ื™ ืœืงื•ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ (ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”, ืงืœื˜). ื•ืื ื”ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืก"ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ (ืคืจื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื’, ื›ื“).
^ 4.. ื“ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ: ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื”, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื•ืขื“, ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ืœ' ื—ื’ื™ื ื ื”, ืœ, ื—ื–ื•"ืข ืขืž' ืชืกื–). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงืคื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืกื˜, ื—; ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื’, ื’-ื–; ืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื˜, ื™). ืืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืขื™ืžื•, ืื• ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืจืงื•ื“, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžืชืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ (ื‘ืžื ื—"ื™ ื•, ืกื‘, ื”ืงืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœืจื‘). ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืžื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“, ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืจืฉืื™. ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืื‘ื™ ืžื•ืจื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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