ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜
  • ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 62 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ โ€“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื
ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ โ€“ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช 10 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ื—ืžืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืฆืžื“ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื•: "ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืคึธื ึดื™ื ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”' ืขึดืžึผึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึธืจ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืึตืฉื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื” ื“). ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• "ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ", ื•ืขื•ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›).
ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช 10 ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชืŸ 234 ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื! ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”: "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐื’ึปืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ืœึทืึฒื—ึปื–ึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื– ื—). ื•ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”' ืœื ื• ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ "ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ - ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื•ื”" (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™.).
ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื
ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื”' ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื ืžื”ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื” ื’), ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคืชื— "ืื—ืจื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ืชืœื›ื•". ื•ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœื”ืœื•ืš ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื? ืื•ืชื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• "ื‘ื™ื ื“ืจื›ืš ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื" ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ "ืื—ืจื™ ื”' ืชืœื›ื• ื•ื‘ื• ืชื“ื‘ืงื•ืŸ"? ื•ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื”? ืื•ืชื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• "ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื”", ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื›ื•ืจืกื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื•ืจ" ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื ื”ืจ ื“ื™ื ื•ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื•ื ืคืง ืžืŸ ืงื“ืžื•ื”ื™" ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ื‘ื• ืชื“ื‘ืงื•ืŸ"?
ืืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชืขืกืง ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืœื ื‘ืžื˜ืข ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ืŸ" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘). ืืฃ ืืชื ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ืœื ืชืชืขืกืงื• ืืœื ื‘ืžื˜ืข ืชื—ืœื”. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื".
ื ื˜ื™ืขื” - ื‘ื–ืงื™ืคื•ืช ืงื•ืžื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื”
ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื™ืขื” ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื‘ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื”ื–ืจืข ื ืจืงื‘ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฆื•ืžื—, ื•ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื”ืฆืžื— ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชื•ืš ื–ืงื™ืคื•ืช. ื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”' ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื›ื–ืจื™ืขื”, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชื ื•ืžืงืจื‘ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”"ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ": "ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืขืœืช ื ืฉืžืชื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืงื™ืฃ ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉ"ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉ"ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืคืก ื•ื›ืื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื™ื ื•ื— ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืงื•ื˜ ืืคื™' ืจื’ืข ื‘ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื•". ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”"ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ", ื›ื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ืฉื ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืชืงื™ืฃ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉ"ื™" (ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชืจืขื ืจืค). ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื”' ื ืžืฆืืช ืจืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœืงืจืืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœืืจืฅ).
ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ
ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื” ืข"ื‘), ืฉืฉื•ืืœืช ืื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ึฐืึธืกึทืคึฐืชึผึธ ื“ึฐื’ึธื ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืชึดื™ืจืฉืึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื”ึธืจึถืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื ื™ื“), ื•ื’ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื ื—): "ืœึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืฉื ืกึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืžึดืคึผึดื™ืšึธ". ืขื ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ: "ื”ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ". ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืชืœืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš.
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ืช"ืก ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. "ื ืจืื” ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื ืžื™ ืœื ืืžืจ ืžืงืจื 'ื•ึฐืึธืกึทืคึฐืชึผึธ ื“ึฐื’ึธื ึถืšึธ' ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื’ื•ืคื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” 'ื•ึฐืึธืกึทืคึฐืชึผึธ ื“ึฐื’ึธื ึถืšึธ', ื•ื‘ื•ืขื– 'ื–ึนืจึถื” ืึถืช ื’ึผึนืจึถืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืขึนืจึดื™ื ื”ึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื”' ืžืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื›ืืœื• ืชืืžืจ: ืœื ืื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ืœื ื™ืืžืจ: ืœื ืืืกื•ืฃ ื“ื’ื ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืขืกืง ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ื”" (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื• ืข"ื).
โ€ƒ
ืžืขืœืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช โ€“ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”
ื”ื‘"ื— (ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืจื—) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช: "ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื ืฉืคืขืช ื‘ื” ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืคืขืช, ื’ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ".
ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื›ืฉื’ืœืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืžื” 1900 ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช. "ื’ึผึธืคึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึธืžึถืœึทื— ืฉื‚ึฐืจึตืคึธื” ื›ึธืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดื–ึผึธืจึทืข ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืฆึฐืžึดื—ึท ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฉื‚ึถื‘" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื˜ ื›ื‘). ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืกื™ืœืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐื˜ึทืžึตึผื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึทืชึถึผื ื™ึนืฉึฐืื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืฉึนืื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื”ึผ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืฉึนืื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ". ื•ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”': ืื ืชื˜ืžืื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžื ื”.
ื•ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืืจืฅ โ€“ ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืชืช ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื”, ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ "ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ืžึดืคึผึดืจึฐื™ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผื•ึนืขึท ืžึดื˜ึผื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ", "ื›ื™ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืื ื• ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจืชื” ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžื˜ื•ื‘ืชื”" (ื‘"ื— ืื•"ื— ืจื—).
ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”'
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. "ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื‘ื— ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ', ืื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ืจื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”' . ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ืกื™ื’ ื•ืคืกื•ืœืช ื ืงืจื 'ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืฉื ื•ึฐื—ึธืœึธื‘ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึตืšึฐ', ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืชืžืจื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ืฆื ืžืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ื ื—ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื”. ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื"ื™. ื•ืจืžื– ืœื“ื‘ืจ 'ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื' ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืื›ืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช" (ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื• ืข"ื).
ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”' ืขืœ ืชื‘ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ื‘ืืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื" ื’ืจ ื‘ืฆืคืช. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืื›ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•, ืœื ื”ืงื”ื” ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื›ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”"ื‘ืืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื" ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื— ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึฐื‘ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึตื™ ืžึธื™ึดื ืขึฒื™ึธื ึนืช ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึนืžึนืช ื™ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึดืงึฐืขึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึธืจ. ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึดื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืขึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึตื™ืช ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื. ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื‘ึฐืžึดืกึฐื›ึผึตื ึปืช ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึนื ืชึถื—ึฐืกึทืจ ื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ื•ึผืžึตื”ึฒืจึธืจึถื™ื”ึธ ืชึผึทื—ึฐืฆึนื‘ ื ึฐื—ืฉืึถืช". ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื˜ึผึนื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—).
ืžืงืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ: "ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” 'ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืื™ ืฉื™ืื˜ื™ื” (ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื•) ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ?", ื•ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื“ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื“ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”' ื•ืœื‘ืจืš. "ื•ืจื‘ืชื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ืคืฉื• ืžื™ืชืื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื•ืžื“ืช ืžืขืฆืžื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”' ื•ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•. ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ืง ืžืกื˜ืจื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•". ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื’ืกื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— โ€“ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›"ื’. ื–ื•ื”"ืง ืชืจื•ืžื” ืงื "ื“ ืข"ื‘). "ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช, ืžื•ื›ื ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”" (ื‘ืืจ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื• ื™ื—).
ืžืขืœืชื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกื›ืช ื“ืžืื™ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืžืื™. ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื“ืžืื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื: "ื•ึฐืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืžึดืชึฐืขึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืžึทืื™ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื . ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึตืœึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ึถื—ึธืจื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื, ื”ึธืึนืจึถื–, ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ". ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืขืฉืจื™ื ื“ืžืื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ืื ืชืจืื” ืคืจื™ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ โ€“ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ืžืื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื. ื•ืืœื• ื”ื: "ื“ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืชืื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ื. ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ืชืžืจื™ื ื”ื’ืกื™ื, ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื›ืžื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื ืื™ื ืžืื“, ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื›ื”ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื•ืื•ืจื–. ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื– ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืื“, ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืืœื ืฉื. ื•ื›ืžื•ืŸ. ืฉื’ืจื’ืจื™ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ืื•ืชื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืืžืจื• ื›ืžื•ืŸ".
ื’ืœื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืฉื‘ื—
ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื— ื’ืฉืžื™ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื‘ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ. ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื‘ื— ื›ืžื• ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคื”. ืœื ืฆืžื—ื• ืคื” ืขืฆื™ื.
ืžืคื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1880 ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš "ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืžืจืื” ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืจื™ืงื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ืคื•. ืžืžืฉ "ื•ืฉืžืžื• ืขืœื™ื” ืื•ื™ื‘ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”". ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื‘-1913, ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื“ื•ื—, ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื”: "ืฉื•ื ืžื˜ืขื™ื, ืคืจื“ืกื™ื ืื• ื›ืจืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ืจืื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ืคืจ (ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™) ื™ื‘ื ื”. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื˜ื•ืฉ. ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืคืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ื›ืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื ื˜ืฉื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื".
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช
ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชื”ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืฆื— ืข"ื): ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึทื‘ึผึธื, ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืงึตืฅ ืžึฐื’ึปืœึผึถื” ืžึดื–ึผึถื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•) "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึถื ื”ึธืจึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื ึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึดืชึผึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืคึถืจึฐื™ึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึดืฉึผึฐืื•ึผ ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึตืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื". ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”"ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ" (ืชื‘ื•ื - ืฉื ืช ืชืจืข"ื) "ื•ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉ"ืก ืฉื‘ืช (ืœ' ืข"ื‘) ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชื•ืฆื™ื ื’ืœื•ืกืงืื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื•ื— ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจืง ืžืกื˜ืจื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืื– ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช". ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•.
ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื
ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื— ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืฆืจืคืช ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช, ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืจืคืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืชืจืžื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื ื™ืขืœื•.
ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ื™ืกื™ื: ืคืขื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœื• ืœืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” "ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื". ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืฉื” ืžื™ื ืงืช. ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื ืงืช, ื›ืš ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื ืง โ€“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืคืข. ืื ืชืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื ื™ืง โ€“ ื™ืคืกืง ื—ืœื‘ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ: ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ืชืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืคืข ื›ืคืœ ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื ืกื™ื•ืข ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ื™ืกื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ "ื—ื›ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื ื‘ื™ื". ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื—ืงืœืื™, ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื“ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื”.
โ€ƒ
ื—ื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”
ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึดื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืขึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึตื™ืช ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื ยฌยฌยฌยฌยฌยฌยฌยฌยฌยฌ
ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื ืข"ื‘) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ "ืจึทื‘ ื—ึดืกึฐื“ึผึธื ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ ื”ึทืžึฐื ื•ึผื ึธื ื”ึฒื•ื•ึผ ื™ึธืชึฐื‘ึตื™ ื‘ึผึดืกึฐืขื•ึผื“ึธืชึธื, ืึทื™ึฐืชึผื•ึผ ืœึฐืงึทืžึทื™ึฐื™ื”ื•ึผ ืชึผึทืžึฐืจึตื™ ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนื ึตื™. ืฉืึธืงึทืœ ืจึทื‘ ื”ึทืžึฐื ื•ึผื ึธื, ื‘ึผึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึทืžึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึตื™ืฉืึธื. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ (ืจึทื‘ ื—ึดืกึฐื“ึผึธื): ืœึธื ืกึธื‘ึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ึธื ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ, ื•ึฐืึดื™ืชึผึตื™ืžึธื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึปืงึฐื“ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืคึธืกื•ึผืง ื–ึถื” - ืงื•ึนื“ึตื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ, ื–ึถื” - ืฉืึตื ึดื™ ืœึฐ'ืึถืจึถืฅ', ื•ึฐื–ึถื” - ื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืœึฐ'ืึถืจึถืฅ'. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ, ืžึทืืŸ ื™ึธื”ึดื™ื‘ ืœึธืŸ ื ึทื’ึฐืจึตื™ ื“ึผึฐืคึทืจึฐื–ึฐืœึธื ื•ึผื ึฐืฉืึทืžึฐืขึดื™ื ึธืšึฐ".
ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ื•ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืชืžืจื™ื ื•ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ืœืงื— ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ื•ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืชืžืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื: ื”ืื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึดื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืขึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึตื™ืช ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื"? ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืจื™ื ื•ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืžืจื™ื. ืขื ื” ืœื• ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื: ืชืžืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ื•ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš.
ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืžื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ "ื—ื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืขื ื”' ื•ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืœืžืชื". ืžืžื ื” ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ "ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช" (ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื” ืž).
ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืฉื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื”
ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ" ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืขืœ ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉ"ืก. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื ืข"ื‘) ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื "ื“ื•ืจืกื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื”" ื•ืื—"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ื ื—ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืก"ื’ ื›ื™ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืงืœื™ืคืช ืื“ื. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ: "ืฉืึธืงื•ึนื”ึดื™ ื“ึผึดื™ ืคึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ืจึทื’ึฐืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ ืžึดื ึผึฐื”ึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึดื™ ืคึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึฐื”ึตื•ืŸ ื•ึผืžึดื ึผึฐื”ึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึดื™ ื—ึฒืกึทืฃ" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ ืœื’). ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ื.
ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื—ืžืช ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืชื•ืขืœืช
ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืจื’ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืžื ื”. "ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื‘ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช, ื•ืฆืžื ืžืื“ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื•ื ืŸ ืขืคืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืขืœืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื‘ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื‘ื ืขื“ ื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ".
ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืœื” ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืžืช ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื "ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ", ื”ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื ืžืžื ื”, ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื›ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื•ื’ื ืืœื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืื ื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. "ื›ื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ื™ื”ืคืš ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืœืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื”' ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”'".
ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื—ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืืžื™ืฅ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื–ืง ื›ื‘ืจื–ืœ
ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ: "ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ืžืืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœืŸ ื ื’ืจื ื“ืคืจื–ืœื ื•ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืš' โ€“ ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืง ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืืžื™ืฅ ื›ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืš ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื™ื“ืชืš, ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื ื”', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื•ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืกื‘ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ 'ื‘ื ื’ืจื™ ื“ืคืจื–ืœื™', ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื—ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืืžื™ืฅ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื–ืง ื›ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœื”ืชืื–ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืงืจืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, 'ื•ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืš', ื•ื ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš ืื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื–ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”".
ืื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืขืžื›ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช
ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขื ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื ื• ื•ืชืคืืจืชื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืฆืคืช, ืฉืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืืช ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆื™ ื”ืคืจื™ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ, ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”. "ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื–ื›ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื•ืงื‘ืขืชื™ ื“ื™ืจืชื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืชื•ื‘"ื‘ ืฆืคืช ืชื•ื‘"ื‘, ื•ื”ื ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืฉืจ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคืจื“ืกื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“, ืืฉืจ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืžืžืขืœืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื•. ืื ืืจืฆื” ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืืฉื‘ ืฉื ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืคืงืคื•ืง ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื”ืœืš ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘, ืื• ื“ื™ืœืžื ืฉืจื™ ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ื•ืจื ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœืฆื“ืงื”".
ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ืคืงืคื•ืง ื•ื—ืฉืฉ
"ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ืคืงืคื•ืง ื•ื—ืฉืฉ, ื“ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื“ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ืœ) 'ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึทืจ ื—ึทื ึผึธื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืึทื–ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึทืชึฐืจึตื™ื”ึผ ื“ึผึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ืœึฐืžึตื™ื›ึทืœ ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช ื’ึผึดื ึผื•ึนืกึทืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึฒื•ึดื™ื ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ ืžึตืึธื”, ืžึฐื ึทืงึผึฐื˜ึดื™ื ึธืŸ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื“ ื•ึฐื—ึทื“, ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื”. ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ื”ึฒื•ึดื™ื ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื”, ืžึฐื ึทืงึผึฐื˜ึดื™ื ึธืŸ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึทื“ ื•ึฐื—ึทื“, ืžึตืึธื” ืžึตืึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึตืึธื” ืžึดื™ื ึทื™ึฐื™ื”ื•ึผ, ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืžึทื—ึฐื–ึดื™ืง ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ ืฆึทื ึผึธื ื‘ึผึทืจ ืชึผึฐืœึธืชึธื ืกึธืื•ึตื™ ื•ึฐืึธื›ึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึทืข ื“ึผึฐืœึธื ื˜ึธืขึทื ื–ึดื™ื•ึผื ึธื' ื•ื›ื•'".
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืžืื” ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืกืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืื™ื (23 ืงื™ืœื•) ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื, ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ ื˜ืขืžื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœื ืฉื‘ืข.
ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกื™ืขืช ืžืจื—ืžื•ื”ื™ (ื•ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื• - ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•) ืžืื” ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ืžืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ืคืงืคื•ืง. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ืืชื” ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืš ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืœืš ืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘" (ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ืชื™ื—).
ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ื‘ื"ื— ืจืื” ื˜ื–) ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื—): "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™: ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืจืง. ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘: ืขืชื™ื“ ืื“ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืืช ืขื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ืื›ืœ. ืจื‘ื™ ืœืขื–ืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ื“ื ืฉืžื•ืขืชื ื•ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืœื™ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ื ื‘ืฉืชื". ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•"ืข (ื ื˜' ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื˜). ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ "ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”'".
"ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื” ื™ืฉ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืžื‘ืจืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื• ื•ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืžื” ื”ื ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื›ืž"ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืง"ื– ื”') ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืฆืžืื™ื ื ืคืฉื ื‘ื”ื ืชืชืขื˜ืฃ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืชื” ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืจ ืœื ืคืฉ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื“ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ - ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ" (ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข).
ืคื•ึผืœ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืคื•ึผืœ ืงื“ื•ึผืฉื”
ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื–ื™ืข"ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื“ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืคืขื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืฆืคื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืคื•ืœ ื•ื™ืงื ื• ืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื•. ื”ืœืš ื—ื›ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžืฆื ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืœืกืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™, ื•ืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืฆืœื—ืช ืขื ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืฉืžื— ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™, ืœืงื— ืคื•ืœ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ืื“ืžื”" ื•"ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ืื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื—ืฆื™ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืฉื‘ื— ื•ืœืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื• "ื–ืžืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ". ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึตื™ืช ืฉึถืืžึถืŸ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื
ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ: ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืื’ื•ื–. ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ื”ืžืืจื—ื™ื: ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ"? ื”ื ื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™: ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืขื– ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื˜ืขื ืžื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืกื™ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืคืกื ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ื‘ื ื”. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื: ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืชื ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืชื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืฆืจืคืช? ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื›ืœืชื™ ืžื”ื. ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืชื’ืœื” ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืจืื” ืฉื, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืชืคืœ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื˜ืขื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื.


ื—ื™ื‘ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืกื™ืคืจ ืจืขื ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ: ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื "ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื“ืง" ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืžืจืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื‘, ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื—ื–ืง. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืจื– ืœืืจื’ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืืœ: ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื•?
ืืžืจื ื• ืœื•: ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ื“"ืฅ ื™ื“ื•ืข. ื’ื ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ืขื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืื›ืœ ืžื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื’ื ืœื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“"ืฅ ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืžื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” โ€“ ืœื ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช "ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ื”ื–ืืช. ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœึตื™ืœึตืšึฐ โ€“ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžื•ึนืœึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน.


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”
ืฉืชื™ืœ ืžื•ืคืจืข.ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืœ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืœื™ื“ ืขืฅ ืชื•ืช, ืื• ืฉืžื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ?
ืื ื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืžืคืจื™ืข ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ. ืกืชื โ€“ ืืกื•ืจ.

ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื ืงื™ื•ืช. ื”ืื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืงื™ืช ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžืจื™ื ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื•ืœืขื™ื?
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชืžืจื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช.

ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืžื™ื. ืžื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื?
ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื "ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ืื“ืžื”", ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื.




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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”
ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il