ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื
  • ื›ืจืš ื'
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืจื™ื” ื”ื›"ืž

ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ
ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช
ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื•ืคื™ื”. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืืžื ื ืœื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ื›ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™-ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืจืง ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžื”ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™, ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.

ืื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื›ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ืืš ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื, ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื’ืข ืœื ื’ืข, ื“ื ืœื“ื, ืื– ื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืกืง ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ืฉืชื•ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืขื, ื”ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช. ืื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืขืจื›ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื”ืกืงืช ืžืกืงื ื”, ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืชืคืฉื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘.

ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืœื›ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ืจืช, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืขื” 'ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•', ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืื ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช', ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” 'ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•' ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ืคืจืกื™ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™ืชืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืœื•ืช. ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืขืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืคืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืกืงืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืช.

ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืขืกืงื ื• ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื ื•ืจืžืืœื™ืช, ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื— ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ืชืจื—ืงื•, ืขืžื“ ื”ืขื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืจืขื”: ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืชืจื—ืงื• - ื”ื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืœื• - ื ืชืคื–ืจื• ื•ื”ืชืขืจื• 1 . ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื ืกืชืจ, ืฉืชื“ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื”ื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ืœื”. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.

ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•. ืžื›ืืŸ ื ืกื™ืง ืžื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.

ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ืช
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื”ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœื”. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื”ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ืื—ืจืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื "ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘" ื‘ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœืคืืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”. ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงืฉื”, ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืคื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืœืื•ื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ืคืจื˜ ื•ื›ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืŸ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื›"ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืจื“" ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”. ื™ืฉื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ืื—"ื› ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืคืชื—ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืžื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืจืฉ
ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจืกื™. ืืจื ื ื”ืจื™ื™ื (ืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”) ื™ื“ืขื” ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืฉื ืืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื›ื“, ืืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืฉืฉืžื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ื”ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืคืœืฉื• ืœืืจื ื ื”ืจื™ื ืžืืกื™ื” ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืช 2 .

ื–ื”ื• ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื• ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช. ื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช: ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื•ื”ื•ื’ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื ืชื™ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืื•ืžื™. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืžื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ. ืื—ืจื™ื• ืงืžื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื”. ืขื–ืจื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช 'ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื‘ืœ'. ืžืœืื›ื” ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื ืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืืœื ื ืฉืืจื” ืฉื. ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื”. ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื”ืชืžื ื” ื›ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื—ื•ื–, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™. ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื›ืขืฉืจื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืคื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉื˜ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“.

ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช
ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ?
ื. ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ. ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
ื‘. ืืœื• ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืœืช ื”ืขื. ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“. ืืœื• ืื•ืชื "ืขืฉืจื” ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ", ื›ืš ืงื•ืจืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” 3 ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ืขื ืขื–ืจื, ื•ืžืคืจื˜ืช ืืช ื”"ื™ื—ื•ืก" ืฉืœื”ื: ืžืžื–ืจื™ื, ืืกื•ืคื™ื ื•ืฉืชื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื•... ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ "ื™ื—ืกื ื™ื"...

ืจืง ื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ืขืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืขื–ืจื, ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืžื ื ื‘ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื’ื ืจืžืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืขืฆืžื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ื•ืช. ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช "ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืŸ" - ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืžื ื—ืžื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื•ืฉื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืจืžืชื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ - ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ืžื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืืฃ ื ืงืจื ื”ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื ืชืžื ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืจื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืงื™ ืจื•ื—, ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ืืฃ ื”ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืœืžื“ ืืฆืœ ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื•ืื‘ื˜ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื•ืœื ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœื ืฉืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ื ืžืฆืื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช.

ื’. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืชื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื’ืœื•. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืฉืื• ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช. ืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื“. ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื. ืื™ืš ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ? ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื™ืš ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืžื‘ื ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื›ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืืœื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื? ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื•ืœื•ึผ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœืžื”, ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื• ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื•, ื ืชืคืฉ ื›ืกืžืœ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ื”ื ื” ืื•ืชื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื™ืงืžื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื•ืงื˜ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืขืžื“ ืฉื ื•ื ืฉืจืฃ. ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช: ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืžืžื•ืกื“ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืฉื ืžืชื’ืขื’ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœืžื”, ืืš ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ื‘ 4 .

ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื– ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืขื˜ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกืžืœ ืœืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื”ืขื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื’ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ืžืจื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ืœื•. ืฉื•ืžืจื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ื’ืจื™ ืืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ืžืคื—ื“ ื”ืืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืชื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื 5 . ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื” ืžืคื—ื“ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื ืจืื• ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืื ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื”ื’ืจ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜. ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื•. ืขื™ืžื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ืกื•ื™, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื“ืชื™, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ื•ื”ืฉืจืฉืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉ. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“.

ื”. ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืช. ืืžื ื, ืขื–ืจื ืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: "ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื–ืจื ืฉืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืœืžืœื ืงื“ืžื• ืžืฉื”" 6 . ืขื–ืจื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื ืงืจื ื›ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกืคืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื 7 , ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”. ืขื™ืžื• ืขืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืื™ืจื’ื ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช. ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ
ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื• ื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ. ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืืœื”, ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืืจืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืขืงื™ืจื” ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืจืก ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ "ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ" ื›ืืœื•, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืžืงื•ื, ืืš ืื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื“ื’ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืš ืื“ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฉืœื“ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงืœื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ื›ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืžื” ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'. ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื ื˜ื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžื“ืŸ. ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื›ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืฉืืจื• ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื’ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช ื”ืขื, ื•ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื. ื”ื”ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ื•ื ืคืฉ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื–ืจื ืžื•ืฆื ื›ืืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ, ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ืžื•ื’ื–ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื›ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช, ืืš ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื–ืจื ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ, ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื” ืฉื ื” ืขืœื• ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.

ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื ืฉืืจื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื ื•ืชืงื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ื‘ื‘ืœ ื ื•ืชืจื” ื›ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืคืจืกื™ืช, ื•ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื– ืคื—ืชื” ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืขื“ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉืจ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืขืœื•ืช, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.

ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื™
ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืžื ื, ื–ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืฆืžื”, ืืš ื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื” ืจืง ืžืขื˜, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื. ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื ืงืจืืช "ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘ื”" ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“: "ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืคืจืก ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœ"ื“ ืฉื ื”" 8 . ืžืื– ืฉืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืขืœื• ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืคืจืก ื•ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกืคืจื• ืืช ืฉื•ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืคืจืกื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื•ื“ื•ื˜ืก ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• "ื—ื•ืจ" ืฉืœ ื›ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืจ ืคืขืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• - ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ. ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืื‘ ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื ื™ืกื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจ ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื“"ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื“"ืจ ื—ืคืฅ 9 , ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืœื” ืกื‘ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื’ืจืกืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืืœื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืคืจืกื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื. ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืžื” ืืจืชื—ืฉืกืชื ื”ื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœืžืœืš ืื—ื“, ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžืชืงื–ื–ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื’ื ืื ืœื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืคื” ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืคืจืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื” ื›ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื–ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”, ืืš ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืฉืืœื”: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืืช ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื–"ืœ, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื—ืคืฅ ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื’ืจืกื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื• ื’ื ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ึดืงืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืคืœืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืกื”, ืฉื—ืกืจื” ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื“ื•'. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.


^ 1. ื‘ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ื”. ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื”, ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืจืง ืฉืžืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
^ 2 ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ืจื ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืืกื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื‘ื‘ืœ. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืคืจืก ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•. ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ืงืจืืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืื ื™ืช, ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืžื™ืงืื ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืชื” ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื“ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช. ืื•ืชื ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื’ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•. ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืชืช-ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื’ืกื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื—ื•ืžื™ื. ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ืืจื™ืช, ืฉื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื’ืจืžื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื”ืชื—ืœืคื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ. ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืคืจืก, ื’ื ืฉื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื ื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื–ื•ืจื•ืืกื˜ืจื™ื–ื. ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืคื”, ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืคืจืกื™ืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืคืจืกื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•: ืืžื, ืื‘ื, ืžื™ื, ืœื—ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืœื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
^ 3 ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ื.
^ 4. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก ืฉื™ืคืฅ ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื“. ื•ืื•ืชื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืฉื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื. ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืขื ื›ื‘ืฉ - ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœ"ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช". ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื™ืคื”, ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืจืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื, ื‘) ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื ื” ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจืื”ื• ืœื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ืืจ ืžืขื•ืœื. ืœืœื ืกืคืง, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืจืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื•, ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ื•ืคื™ื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืงื“ืฉื™ ืจื•ืžื™ ืขืฆืžื”.
^ 5. ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ื™ื–.
^ 6.ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื, ื‘.
^ 7. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืค"ื” ื”"ื.
^ 8. ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืง ืœ.
^ 9. ื‘ื™ื˜ืื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ื, ื™ื“ ืขืž' 78-147.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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