ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”
  • ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื•ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื ื‘ื•ืื”
  • ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”
undefined
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืช ืœืื”

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืงืข ืœืžืืžืจ
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžื“ื—ื™ ืืœ ื“ื—ื™. ืžืื– ื”"ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช" ืžื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ (ืžืฉืš ืจืง ืฉืœืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื!) ื™ืจื• ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืื” ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืคืฆืž"ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื. ืจืง ื‘ื ืก ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื. ืฆื”"ืœ ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืชืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘, ื•ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื™ืจื™ ืืจื˜ื™ืœืจื™ (ืœืฉื ืจืื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“) ืขืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื“ื. ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืฉืฉ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื—ืช ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.

ืœื ื’ื“ ื–ื”, ืจืื”"ืž ื—ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืขืžื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ื ื™, ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ื”ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 78 (!) ืœืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื. ืจืฉืข ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉืขื” ืžืฉื—ืงืช ืœื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื– ืข"ื‘) ืืžื ื ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื•ื—ื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืฆื ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื•, ื•ื’ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื”ืกืงืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœืžืคืœื’ืชื• ื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื‘ืื”. ื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืคืชื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื•? ืจืื”"ืž ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘"ืžืคืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื", ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกื™ืจืช ืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉืชื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ืคื” ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™?

ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื•ื“ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ืืคืœื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืžืขื” ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉื•ื ืžื—ืื” ื ืžืจืฆืช, ืืœื ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื• ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืžื“ืื™. ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืฆืคื” ืžื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื•. ืื™ืฉ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื•ื“ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืชื’ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื˜ื•ืคื—ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื ื• ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืื—ืจื™ ืจืฆื— ืื•ืชืŸ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื ื™ืช "ืืœื˜ืœื ื”", ืื—ืจื™ ืคืฉืข ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช "ื™ืœื“ื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ", ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื›ืœื•ื ืœื–ืืช ืชื™ืงืจื "ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื•"? ื•ืื ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื”? ืฉืžื ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื•?

ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืฉืจื• "ืžืœื—ืžื”" ื ื’ื“ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ืคืจืงื• ืืช "ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื“ืชื•ืช", ืžื ืขื• ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื ืขื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืงืจืกื• ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื“ืช, ืงืฆืฆื• ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช; ื›ืœื•ื ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ืงืจื "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื”"?

ืžืคืœื’ืช "ืฉื™ื ื•ื™" ื—ืจืชื” ืขืœ ื“ื’ืœื” ืžืฆืข ื—ืฆื•ืฃ ืœื”ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื ื–ื›ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื (!). ื›ืขืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ "ืงื“ื™ืžื”", "ืžืขืจืš" ื•"ืฉื™ื ื•ื™", ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืฉื™ื ืžื ื“ื˜ื™ื, ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื•ืžื” ื ื“ื‘ืจ? ื•ื’ื ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”"ืœื™ื›ื•ื“" (ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ) ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืœืคืฉืจื” ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืช, ื‘ืชืช ืœื” ืžืก ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ "ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื". ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื ืžืกืชื’ืจื™ื ืชื•ืš ื’ื™ื˜ื• ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ "ืœื ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช" ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื“ืื’ืชื ืœืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœื”ื. ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืคื•ืœื’ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืกืจืง ืื ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื "ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื”" ืื• "ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘". ืจื‘ืชื” ื”ืฉื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืœืืœื•, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืจื™ืจื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ. ืœืืŸ ื ืคื ื” ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช?

ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ืื ื ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื˜ืขื”? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจื’ืžืื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ "ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื". ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžืชื™ื™ื ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ "ืื—ื•ืจื” ืคื ื”", ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื•ืื™ืš ืชืชืžืžืฉ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกืชืจ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื“ ืžืืชื ื•. ื‘ืืžืช ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืœ ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืœืžื” ื ืจืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื”ื˜ืขืื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื "ื’ืื•ืœื”"?

ื’ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—
ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืคื ื” ืœืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคื” ื˜ืจื•ื-ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื“ื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื–-ืฆื—) ื•ื‘ืกื•ื˜ื” (ื“ืฃ ืžื˜). ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืžื”ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื ื™ื‘ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช. ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืงืฆืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื (ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“).

(ื‘ื“ืฃ ืฆื–) ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื‘ื•, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื—ื”, ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'. ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื‘ื•, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื™ื—ืจื‘, ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื• ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื•ื ื ื•, ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืชืกืจื—, ื•ื™ืจืื™ ื—ื˜ื ื™ืžืืกื•, ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื›ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘, ื•ื”ืืžืช ื ืขื“ืจืช ื•ื›ื•'. ืจ' ื ื”ื•ืจืื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื‘ื•, ื ืขืจื™ื ื™ืœื‘ื™ื ื• ืคื ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. ืจ' ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื‘ื•, ื”ืขื–ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืงืจ ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื ื”ืคื›ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื—ื”. ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจื‘ื• ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืžืขื˜ื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ืืฉื• ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” (!). ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžืš ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.

(ื•ื‘ื“ืฃ ืฆื—) ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืœื™ื•ืฆื ื•ืœื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื. ืืฃ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื™ืŸ (ืœื”ื) ืฉืœื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืจ. ืจื‘ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืงืฉ ื“ื’ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ืžืฆื. (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืจืžื– ืœื“ื•ืจื ื• ืืฉืจ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ืงื ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื ื‘ืฆืจ ืžื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื›ืœืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘"ืกืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืžื—ืžืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืžืจื•ืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ืช "ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™", ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ืข"ื›). ืจ' ื—ืžื ืื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืœื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, "ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืงืœื” ื•ื“ืœื”". ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืจืžื– ืœืชืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืฉื™ืื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ืข"ื›), ืขื ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื•ืžืžื•ืจื˜. ืืžืจ ื–ืขื™ืจื™, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ื’ืกื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืฃ ืงืœื˜. ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื "ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื"). ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืื ืจืื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืฆืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื ื”ืจ, ื—ื›ื” ืœื•. ื•ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืืœื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืื• ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ (ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจ, ื‘ื ื“ืคืก ื“ืฃ 251: "ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™"). ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ (ื“ืฃ ืฆื— ืข"ื‘) ื”ืชื—ื ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืืžื•ืจืื™ื (ืขื•ืœื, ืจื‘ื”, ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ) "ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืื—ืžื™ื ื™ื”" (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื•ืื™ ืœื ืื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•).

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ
ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคืชื™ืข. ืื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืชื ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื ื•? ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•.

ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ "ื”ื”ืขื“ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื”". "ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ื•'.ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืžืฆื ืฉื”ืคืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืœื™ืคื”" ("ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื", ืคืจืง ื™ื—). ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืžื”ืจ"ืœ:
"ื”ืืจื›ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืžืื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื” ื ืชื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืขื”".

ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืœ ืืคืกื•ืชื•. ืจืง ืื—"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืชืœื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
"ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ืคืกื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ. ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืขืคืจ, ื•ืขืชื” ื™ืจื•ื ืงืจื ื ืขื“ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื" ("ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืคืจืง ืœ"ื”, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ).

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ:
"ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื•ื”ืคืกื“, ื•ื”ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืคืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ("ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืคืจืง ืœื˜, ืขืž' ืงืกื–).

ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช" (ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืจื•-ืจื—) ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื•:
"ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ืคืกื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ. ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืขืคืจ, ื•ืขืชื” ื™ืจื•ื ืงืจื ื ื•ื™ื ืฉืื• ืขื“ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื" ืขื›"ืœ.

ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื•ืืคืชืขื” ืœืฉื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื”' ื‘ื ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืžื• ืžื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืจื™ื•. ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”? ืœืืฉื” ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืœืœื“ืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืจื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ืจื•ื—ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ืชื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.

ื“ืขืช ืจืžื—"ืœ ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื
ื’ื ืจืžื—"ืœ ื›ืชื‘: "ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื” ื•ื“ืื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืขืฉื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• 'ื’ืœ ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืจื—ืžื ื, ืœื˜ื‘ ืขื‘ื™ื“' (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก ืข"ื‘) ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ื™ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”" ("ื“ืขืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื•ืช", ืคืกืงื ื ื“).

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘: "ืืžื ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื•, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื ืœื ื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื ืฉืคืœื™ื ื”ืฉืคืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื ืขื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ 'ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื—ื•ืฆืคื ื™ืกื’ื' (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื˜":). ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื”ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืžื–ื” ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—"ื› ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื™ืช'" (ืฉื, ืคืกืงื ืงืข, ืขืž' ืงืฆื’).

ื•ื’ื ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืกืžืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™ื“ ืข"ื): "ื“ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื—ืงื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื ืžืงืจื‘ ืคื•ืจืงื ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. 'ื™ืจื”ื‘ื• ื”ื ืขืจ ื‘ื–ืงืŸ', ืฉืื– ื•ื“ืื™ ืืชื™ ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื“ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื—ื•ืฆืคื ื™ืกื’ื. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื ื”ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืจื ืก ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ 'ื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื ืขืจื™ื'. ืžื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ืŸ ืœื›ืš? ืืœื ืฉื’ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ื ื•ืคื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื‘ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืœื, ื’ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ืืžืจื• (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื ืข"ื‘) ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื—ื ื™ืคื• ืœืื’ืจื™ืคืก ื”ืžืœืš ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื›ืœื™ื”" (ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืœืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ, ืข"ื“ ื”ืจืžื–, ืคืจืง ื, ืคืกื•ืง ื”)

ื•ืฉื (ืืกืชืจ ื' ืคืกื•ืง ื') ื›ืชื‘: "ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจื™, ื›ืžื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื•, ื•ืขืฉื• ื™ืฆื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื™ื“ื• (ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘) ืื•ื—ื–ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ ืขืฉื•, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื– ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืฉืจืจื” ืจืง) ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื 'ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื' ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœืกืคืจื ื“ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืชื "ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ืžืฉื™ื—ื ืฉืื– ืงืœื™ืคื” ืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื“ ืขืจืœื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื•ื ืืžื”, ื™ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช" (ืค"ื ื“"ื” ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืฉืœืžื• ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื“ืฃ 12).

ื“ืขืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง
ื ืืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ: "ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื ืžืชื“ืžื™ื ืœืจืขื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ื ืจืื™ื (ืจืขื•ืช) ื›ื™ ืื ืœืคื™ ืงื•ืฆืจ ื”ืงืคืชื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืืžืชื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื•ืช, ืชืชื’ืœื™ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื. ื•ื›ื•' ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื—ืคืฅ ื”' ืขืฉื”, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘" ("ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”", ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืค"ื– ืคืกืงื ืœื•, ื“ืฃ 221 ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ื‘ืคืกืงื ื‘, ื“ืฃ 201 "ื•ื™ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ืคืœื™ื" ื•ื›ื•').

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“: "ื›ื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”' ื™ืช' ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืฉืคืขืœื• (ื•' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ื—ื•ืœื) ืชืžื™ื ื”ื•ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืจืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืงืฃ ื›ื™ ืื ืข"ืค ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”". ("ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”" ืขืœ ืžืกื›ืช ืคืื”, ืค"ื ืคืกืงื ื‘', ื›ืจืš ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 400).

ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ืืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืื•ืจื•ืช". ืข"ืค "ืžื—ืฉื‘" ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื“ื•ืจื• (ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•, ืคืจื˜ ืœ"ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื", ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื). ื‘ืขื–"ื” ื ืงื•ื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืข"ืค ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื ืคืจื“. ื•ืฉื ("ืื•ืจื•ืช", ืขืž' ืœ"ื) ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ืจื‘: "ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืœื•ืœ, ื”ื›ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœื ื™ื—ืกืจื• ื’ื ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœืœื™ื, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื". ืขื›"ืœ. ื "ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจืžื– ื›ืืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ "ืžืฆื•ื“ื•ืช" ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื™ (ื˜ื–, ื“). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื”ืจืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื™ืฆืžื—ื• ืœื ื• ืชื•ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช, ืœื”ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื•. ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.

ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืงื•ืจื ื”ืจื‘ ืœืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื”". ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘"ืื’ืจื•ืช" (ื—"ื ืขืž' ืขื“; ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืงืขื•; ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืงื ื”, ืงืกื˜, ืงืฆื˜, ืจื›ื•; ื—"ื“ ืขืž' ืกื‘, ืงื›ื˜) "ื’ื ื–ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืขืž' 74 "ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื"ื™ ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ"; "ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”" (ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืขืž' ืจื ื’). ื•ื‘"ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”" (ื—"ื ืขืž' 153).

ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• ื›ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืฉื™ื—, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจื "ื— (1898) ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ. "ื•ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื ืงืจื ื’"ื› ืžืขืช ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ (ื”ืขืจื”: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืข"ืค ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜, ื™ื‘) ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืชื ืžืขืœืชืŸ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืžื”ื“' ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืก"ื‘, ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 236. ื•ื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื‘"ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”", ืค"ื˜ ืคืกืงื ืจืคื˜, ื“ืฃ 372 ื‘ื ื“ืคืก, ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘"ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ" ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื’ืจ"ื).

ืื ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืข"ื— (1918) ื ืฉืžื— ืœืงืจืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื›ืŸ, ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•. ืืžื ื ืœื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื–ื•, ืจืง ืžืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืงืฅ ื”ืžื’ื•ืœื” (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื— ืข"ื) ืœื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ืžืขืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืคื™ื ื•ืœืฉืืช ืคืจื™ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ืงืจื‘ื• ืœื‘ื•ื, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืชื—ืœืชื ื–ื•. ื•ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื— ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ื“ ื”' ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื›ืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช (ื“ื•ืจื™ื) (ื“ื•ืจื•ืช) ืชืคืœื™ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื•ืžืžื”. ื•ื”ืคืœื ื”ื–ื” ืงื ื•ื™ืชื (ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื•ื‘ื) ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืœื ืข"ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ืข"ื™ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืชืžื™ื ื“ืขื™ื, 'ื‘ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืžื™ื— ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช'. ื•ื“ืื™ ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืคืง (ื”ืขืจืช ืจืฆื™"ื”: ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”, ื‘. ื•ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ื—"ื‘ ืคืกืงื ื›ื“). ื•ืื•ืจ ื”' ืื—ื“, ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื—ืกื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื” (ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”), ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•" ("ืื’ืจื•ืช" ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืงื ื”).

ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื’ ื•ืžื›ื ื” ืœืžืฆื‘ื ื• (ื‘ืื“ืจ, ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื”): "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ืืชื—ืœืชื ืœื’ืื•ืœื”" ("ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ื—"ื ืขืž' 153). ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืฉืื ื• ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ื’ืœื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืชืข ืžืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื”ื "ืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจื•:

"ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืื ื• ืฉืžืจื™ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืชื—ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืชืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœื‘ื•ื. ื”ืฉืœื•ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืžื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืžื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื• ืœืžื˜ืจืชื ื›ื•ืœื”, ืชืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”. ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืคืฅ. ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื ืฉืื™ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื“ืœ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื™ืฉืงืข, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืกืขืจ ื•ื™ื”ืคืš ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ื›ืฉืชื•ื•ืœื“, ืชื“ืจืš ื‘ื–ืขื ื•ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ืกื•ืคื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื”ื ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ืกืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืข"ื™ ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื”ื" ("ืื•ืจื•ืช", ืขืž' ืคื“). (ื•ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™, ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ืคืกื•ืง "ืฉืžื ืช ืขื‘ื™ืช ื›ืฉื™ืช").

ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงื•ืง ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืžืœื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืžืฅ" ("ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 72-73) ื‘ื• ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื. ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืฅ ืฉื˜ืฃ ืžื™ื ื“ืœื•ื—ื™ื, ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืคืฉ ื•ื—ื•ืœ. ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉื™ื ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” "ื›ืœ ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื ื• ืœืจื™ืง, ื•ืžื” ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืขืžืœื ื•?" ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ื‘ืื• ื”ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื, ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืจืคื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื: "ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื›ื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืื ื• ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื™, ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืฆื—ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉ ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืขืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื“ืœื•ื—ื™ื? ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื—ื™, ื‘ืžืจืฅ ืื“ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืคืขืœื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'.

ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื ืžืฉืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ื•ื ืžื ืžืง: "ืœื ื ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉ, ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืืจ ืืฉืจ ื—ืคืจื ื• ืžื™ื ืฆืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืขืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ืืฉื™ื•, ืœืงื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื™ ืœื‘, ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ื™ื“ื™ื ืจืคื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื–ืงืŸ. ืื ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืจืื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืœื”ื, ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช? ืจืง ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืืžืจืชื ื• ืขืœื™ื”: ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืฉืจ ื ื’ืข ื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื•, ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื ืงืจื‘ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืฆืขื“ื™ ื’ืื•ืœืชื”, ื™ืจื•ืฅ ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืจื—, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื• ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืฆืฆืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจืช "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืคืขืœ ืขื ืืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืจื•" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื›ื–, ื‘). ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื‘ืืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ" ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'.

(ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืชื•ืจื”) "ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืจืฅ ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื ืฉืžื”, ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื ืชืืžืฅ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืชืฆื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”" (ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื‘, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 72-73).

ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืื™ื‘ื™. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืงื— ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•. ืืœื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืจ, ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืื—"ื› ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ืื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” "ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืžื”ื“' ืชืฉืก"ื‘, ื—ืœืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืขืž' 70, ืขืจืš "ื›ืคื™ืจื”"). ื“ื•ืงื ื”ืจื‘, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืขืฆื•ื, ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื” ืฉื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื (ืžื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ ืข"ื‘). ื•ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ื“ืฃ ืงื›ื” ืข"ื‘) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืคื’ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืกื™ื˜ืจื ื“ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืœืœ, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ื‘"ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" (ื—"ื’ ื“ืฃ ืœื“). ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื— ื”' ื›ื•ื ื ื” ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”?

ืกื™ื›ื•ื
ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืืฉ ืื•ืชื ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืžืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืฉื ืขืฅ ื”ืจื“ื•ืคื ื™ ื›ื™ ื”' ืžืžืชื™ืง ื”ืžืจ ืข"ื™ ืžืจ (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ืคืกืงื ื›ื“). ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื”, ืืžืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœืžืจื•ื— ืฉื ื“ื‘ืฉ ืชืื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืฉื—ื™ืŸ (ืฉื). ืืœื ื›ืš ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื ืžืื™ืจื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื“ (ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืกื˜ื‘ืกืงื™): "ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื— ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืกืชืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื–ื™ื• ื”ืื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื”ื• ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื•ืจื™ืช. ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื•ื˜ื” ืžืืคืœื™ื ืขื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืจ ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืžื ื”. (ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ื•ืจืฉ, ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื’ ืข"ื‘, ื“ ืข"ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื‘ืชื) ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืขื ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื•ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืœืฃ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืกืชืจื” ื ื•ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžืื– ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”' ืืœ (ืžืฉื”) ื”ืจื•ืขื” ื”ื ืืžืŸ (ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื˜) ืœืœืžื“ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืขื“ (ืข' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืคืชื—) ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ืžืขื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืชืฆื ืื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื". (ื•ืžืืจื™ืš ืฉื,ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:) "ื•ืžืื•ืคืœ ื•ืžืžืกืชื•ืจ, 'ืขื™ื ื™ ืขื•ื•ืจื™ื ืชืจืื™ื ื”' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื˜, ื™ื—) ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืžืงืจืื™ื”" ("ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืขืž' 170-171).

ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืžื ื™ ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ืืจืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืก"ื“ ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื ืฉืืจ ื ืืžืŸ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืขืชื• ื–ืืช ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืœืคื™ ืจืื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ืืœื ืืžืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื• ืข"ืค ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช! ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื—ื•ืฉืš ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืžืขื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ืจืžื—"ืœ, ื’ืจ"ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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