ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”
  • ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืงื•ืžื™ ืื•ืจื™
  • ื” - ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
undefined
8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจ' ืคืจืฅ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืจื™ื” ื–"ืœ

ืœื "ืขื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ"
ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ, ืฉืœืœื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืžื•ื ื”, ืœืœื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืžืชื ื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช, ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื’ื ืืœื” ืฉื˜ื™ืคื—ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื• ืืช ืฉืžืžื•ืชื™ื” ืœื”ืจื•ืก ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืกืคื•ื’ ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ื’ื ื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืœืขื ืขื ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื, ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ืขื•ื– ื•ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื” ื•ื’ืื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื” ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ื”ื“ืจื” ื•ืคืืจื”.
ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื "ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื", "ืคืœื˜ืจื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš", ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืงืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ืช (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื• ืœื; ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื—, ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืคืจืง ื˜ื•, ื”ืœ' ื•), ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉื ืฉืชื•ืงืงื• ืืœื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื (ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื— ืคืจืง ื™; ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ืœื’ืจ"ืฉ ืืœืงื‘ืฅ; ื•ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ื—ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืจืœื“).
ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืืจืฆื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื›ืชืคื™ืกืช ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืืžืฆืขื™, ืืœื ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืืœื•ืงื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื”' ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืงืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืชืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ืคืจืื™ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื•ืžืžืฉื™ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื ื—ืœืชื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžืืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืจืง ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืช, ืฉืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื "ืคืœื˜ืจื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš" ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื ืคืฉื, ื’ื•ืคื, ืจื•ื—ื ื•ืžืžื•ื ื ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฆืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืชื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ื‘ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื”' ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื• ื”ืฆื•ื“ืง ื›ื™ ื”ืืžืช ืชื ืฆื— ื•ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืกืขืจื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืขื ืœื’ืื•ืœืชื•, ืœื”ื›ืจืช ืฆื“ืงืชื•, ืœืื”ื‘ืช ืžื•ืœื“ืชื•. ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• "ืขื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ", ืขื ืžื“ื›ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžื’ืžืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื• ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”', ืœืฉื‘ื—, ืœืคืืจ ื•ืœืงืœืก ืœืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื "ื•ื ื’ืœื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื•ืจืื• ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืคื™ ื”' ื“ื™ื‘ืจ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž, ื”), ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆื• ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ ื ื’-ื ื“) ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื›"ื–, ื”ื ื—ื™ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ"ืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” "ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื’), ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื•ื–ืงื•ืฃ ืงื•ืžื” ื‘ื ื—ืœืชื•, ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืฆื“ืง, ื›ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืžื•ืช ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื™ื "ืขืจื’ื” ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช" ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื‘ื”ื›ื ืขื” ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืืช "ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ", ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืขื” ื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ื ืื•ืช ื”; ื•ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ื‘, ืคืจืง ื™ื“), ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื, ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื‘ืœืขืชืŸ ื•ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื—"ื• ื›ื™ ืžื’ืžืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืคื“ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœืขืžื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื), ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืืช ื ืคืฉื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื‘ื ื—ืœืชื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืืจืฆื• ื•ื—ื•ืœื ืขืœ "ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“-ื™, ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื, ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื "ืฉื•ืคืจื•" ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ืœืฉื•ืจืจ "ืฉื™ืจืช ืืœ" ื‘ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก, ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื“ืขื” ื•ืขืงื™ืจืช ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื•ื "ืขืงื™ืจืช ื”ืืžืช" (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื˜, ื‘; ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ ืœื’ืจ"ื), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชื›ื•ื ืช "ื™ืฉืจื•ืช" ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช.
ื—ืœื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื’ืฉื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช "ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ืง" ื•ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ืชืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฆื•ืจื ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืขื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžื™ืฉ"ืข ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื•ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช ื™ืฆืžื—ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ืฉื™ืคื™ืฆื• ืชื•ืจื”, ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื•. "ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื" ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืื•ืจื” ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื” ื‘), ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื•ื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื ื– ื): ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื, ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื’ืžื“ื.

ืฉื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื”" ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืืฉืจ ื—ืจืคื• ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ืš" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื˜ ื ื‘), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื "ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื”'" ื•ืขื•ื™ื ื™ ืืžื•ื ืชื ื• ื•ืชื•ืจืชื• ื™ื—ืจืคื•, ื™ื–ืœื–ืœื•, ื™ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ื•ื™ื—ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืžืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ื ื—ืœืชื•, ื‘ื”ืคืจื—ืช ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช "ืžืœื›ื•ืช-ื”'" ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช "ืื—ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื”" (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื’ ื™ื“) ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืกืžืžื ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ "ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื—ื ืง" ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืœืคื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืจ.
ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื ื—ืœืชื ื• ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื ืœืžืจืง, ืœื–ื›ืš ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืจื•ื— ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉื ืคื’ืžื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื’ืื•ืœืชื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื›ื™ ืจืง ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื•ื— ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืžืกืœืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• "ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ" ื”ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘.
ืขืžื™ื“ืชื ื• ื”ืื™ืชื ื” ืžื•ืœ ืจืฉืขืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื ื•, ืžื’ืœื” ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื“ืžืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื• ื•ืฉืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืื• ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœื ื™ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื—ืžื“ืช ืœื‘ื ื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื"ื™ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’, ื”).
ืžืื‘ืงื ื• ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืงื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืจืชื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉืขืœ-ืคื™ื” ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื ืœื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืฉื ื“ื—ื” ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืชื”. ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ "ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื’ื“ืœ, ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื™ื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื ื‘ื ืฉืงื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืงื™ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”', ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”' (ืขื™ื™"ืฉ). ืื”ื‘ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืžืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื–ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉืช "ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช" ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืคืจื—ืชื” ื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื ืจื•ืชืžืช ืืช "ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžืช" ืœืกืœื•ื“ ืžื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืขื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ืžืืกื™ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืžื“ ืœื‘ื ื• ื”ื—ืฉื•ืงื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื ืคืฅ ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื– ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืœื—ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช "ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”" ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืืœื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื™ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ื‘ืงื•ืง; ื•ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’) ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื ืชื•ืฉื’ ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืœื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืžื™ืฆื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื—ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืฉื‘ื— ื•ืœื”ืœืœ.

ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ
ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœืžื” ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืื”ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™? ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื, "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช" (ืกืคืจื™ ืขืงื‘), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขื, ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื• ื‘ื ืฆื—, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืœื‘ื• "ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ืืจืฅ" ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืกื™ืจืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื˜ื•ืžืื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืคืจืื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืืจืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”" ื•ืœื ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืœื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื–ื–ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื• ื•ืื—ื™ื–ืชื ื• ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ืชื ื• ื•ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•ืชื ื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจืช ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืชื ื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฉ ื•ืชืงืจื™ืŸ ืžืกื’ื•ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžืขืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ื•ืขื ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื™ืชื ื•, ื™ืชืขืฆื ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื›ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ื•, ืฆื‘ื™ื•ื ื• ื•ื”ื“ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื•, ื•ืจืง ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื–ืงื™ืคื” ืงื•ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืขื ืืžื™ืฅ" ื—ืžื•ืฉ ืืžื•ื ืช ืื•ืžืŸ ื•ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืืžืช ื•ืฆื“ืง, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื›ื ืื—ื“ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜ ื”).

ื—ื•ืœืฉืช ื”ืขื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ืืช
ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืจื‘, ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขืžื ื• ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืืช ื”ื›ืจืชื• ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื•
ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™. ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื–ื• ืื•ื—ื–ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื• ื”ืžื’ืœื™ื ืคื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืžื•ืกื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ื›ื–ื‘, ื•ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืื” ืชื”ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื’ื–ืขื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจืช, ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจื™ื—ื” ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื’ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืœื™ื• ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืกืงื ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืขืฉื• ืฉืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื "ื ื—ืœืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื" ืœืขื ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื” (ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื• ื”; ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื›) ื›ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ื‘ืื” ืžื›ื•ื— ืฆื“ืงืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ (ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’ ื‘), ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชื ื—ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ื™ื–ืชื ื• ื•ืžืื‘ืงื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืืจืฆื ื• ืžื•ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ืืชื ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืœืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื. ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืœื™ื, ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจืชื ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืขื ืง, ื•ืฉืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• ื”ื™ื "ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ", ื•ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืื—ื“ืช, ื•ืฆื• ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ื•ื "ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ื›ืœืœ" ื›ื™ ื”ืืžืช ืื™ื ื” ืคื—ื“ื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ืกื•ื’ื” ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ "ื”ืคืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ืช" ื”ืื•ื—ื–ืช ื‘ืจืฆื—, ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ ื™ืฉ"ืข ื•ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืžื’ืœื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ืง ื•ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ "ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื" ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื“ืงืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ ืžืื™ื•ืžื™ื”ื ื•ืžืžื–ื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื.

ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช
ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ื•ื ื• ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช "ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœื-ืœื•ื”ื™ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื” ืœื—) ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” "ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื", "ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืœื•ืง" (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื˜ ืข"ื‘ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ืค"ื”, ื”ืœ' ื™ื‘), ื•ื›ืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืคื’ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื•ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ "ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืคื’ืžืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”'" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•"ืจ ืœ, ื) ื›ื™ ืื—ื™ื–ืชื ื• ื”ืื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื—ืžื“ืช ืœื‘ื ื•, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื "ื–ืจื–" ืœื’ืื•ืœืชื ื• ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ืจ (ื‘ื‘"ืง ื›ื• ื‘).
ื•ื‘ืขืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื›ื•ื— ื•ืกื‘ืœ ืœืฉืืช ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื”ื, ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ื ื“ืจื• ื•ื™ื’ืืœื ื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื—ื™ื ื• ืžืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช "ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืืคื™ืช" ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืกืคืงื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืจืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื” ื›ื—).
ืงืฉืจ ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื“ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ืœื” ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืืœื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ืœื” ืกื’ื•ืœืชื• ืืœื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœื-ืœื•ื”ื™ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื” ืœื—), ื•ื”ืงืžืช "ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ืžืจื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืงืขืช ื”', ื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื˜ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ืžืืžืจ ื‘, ืžื—).

ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื ืœืžื”ื•ืชื•
ื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืื•ืจื•ืช" (ื“ืฃ ืขื–): "ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื—ืœืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืจื– ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื™ื", ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืกืคื•ื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืกื•ื’ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืืœื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ "ืขื’ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—", ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืขื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื’ืื•ืœืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืชืฉื—ืจืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืžื•ืขืงื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ืคืจืง ืœื•; ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœื•, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืคืจืง ื• ื”ืœ' ื), ื•ืฉื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืชื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžื›ืื™ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขืงื™ืจืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื’ืœื™ื™ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื™ื—ืœื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ืื•ืžื” ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื™ืชื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื™ "ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื—ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ืืจืฆื” ืืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื”... ื•ืืœ ืชื›ื•ื ืชื”, ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”... ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืฉื•ื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื•" (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื™ื–, ื‘).
ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• โ€“ ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื, ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ื, ืืžื ื™ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ ืขื โ€“ ืœืฉืงื ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื“ืžืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื• ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืจื•ื— ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืฉืงืคืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ, ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืขืฉื• ื”ื–ื•ืžืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืœื•ืชื ื•, ื•ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• "ื•ื ื˜ืขืชื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื›ื ื•ืœื ื™ื ืชืฉื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื ืืฉืจ ื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื..." (ืขืžื•ืก ื˜ ื™ื“) ื•ื›ืŸ "ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื ืขืชืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืืžืช" (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœื’, ื•) ื•ื›ืŸ "ื•ื›ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื•ื... ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืœืขื•ืœื", ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืืžืช ืฉืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืœืช ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื "ืขื ื ื‘ื—ืจ".
ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•, ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ื•ื ื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื— (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื— ื‘) ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืขืžื ื• ืžืชื ื—ื ื‘ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืงื” ื•ืฆืจื” ื›ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื–ื•ืขืงืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ื” (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื• ื™ื–, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื) ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ืœ ื–-ื—) "ื•ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ื•ืฉืข" (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”" ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื) ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ืกื‘ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื’ืžืชื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™. "ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขื“" (ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ืž).
ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื ื•ืขื ื”' ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืขืžื• ื•ื ื—ืœืชื•
ืข"ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ-ื—ืžื• ืขื‘ื“ ืœืขื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช-ื’ืช ืช"ื•


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