ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
  • ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
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15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 55 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”

ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜



ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึผึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ



ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื– ื™ื—) ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ.  ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืขืฉื• ืฆื“ืง ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื• "ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื”". "ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืชึผึดืจึฐื“ึผึนืฃ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึผึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื– ื›).


ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืจื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง: "ืึตื™ื›ึธื”ึ™ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธึฃื” ืœึฐื–ื•ึนื ึธึ”ื” ืงึดืจึฐื™ึธึ–ื” ื ึถืึฑืžึธื ึธึ‘ื” ืžึฐืœึตืึฒืชึดึฃื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึ—ื˜, ืฆึถึ›ื“ึถืง ื™ึธืœึดึฅื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธึ–ื”ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธึฅื” ืžึฐืจึทืฆึผึฐื—ึดึฝื™ื", ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง "ื•ึฐืึธืฉืึดึคื™ื‘ึธื” ืฉืึนืคึฐื˜ึทึ™ื™ึดืšึฐึ™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดึฃืืฉืึนื ึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐื™ึนืขึฒืฆึทึ–ื™ึดืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึทืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธึ‘ื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ึพื›ึตึ—ืŸ ื™ึดืงึผึธึคืจึตื ืœึธืšึฐึ™ ืขึดึฃื™ืจ ื”ึทืฆึผึถึ”ื“ึถืง ืงึดืจึฐื™ึธึ–ื” ื ึถืึฑืžึธื ึธึฝื”: ืฆึดื™ึผึ–ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึฃื˜ ืชึผึดืคึผึธื“ึถึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ึถึ–ื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึดืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธึฝื”" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื›ื–), ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื.


ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึทื˜ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึท ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื



ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”' ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื "ื”ึทืžึฒื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึตืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื”?" ื”ืœื•ื ื”ื•ื "ื™ึฐืฆึทื•ึผึถื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”' ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜". ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืงื”. "ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึทื˜ึ™ ื‘ึผึตึฃื™ืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ”ื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื›ึดึ–ื™ื—ึท ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึดึฃื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึดืชึผึฐืชึจื•ึผ ื—ึทืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืชึธึœื ืœึฐืึดืชึผึดึ—ื™ื ื•ึทื—ึฒื ึดื™ืชึฝื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถืึ™ ืœึฐืžึทื–ึฐืžึตืจึ”ื•ึนืช ืœึนืึพื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธึจื ื’ึคื•ึนื™ ืึถืœึพื’ึผื•ึนื™ึ™ ื—ึถึ”ืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืœึนืึพื™ึดืœึฐืžึฐื“ึฅื•ึผ ืขึ–ื•ึนื“ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธึฝื”" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ื‘, ื“).


ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึผืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน



ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืงื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึผืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื— ื˜ื•). ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— "ืœึดืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืึฑึฝืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดึญืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืชึผึตืŸ ื•ึฐืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืชึฐืšึธึฅ ืœึฐื‘ึถืŸ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ: ื™ึธื“ึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึฐืฆึถึ‘ื“ึถืง ื•ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ึผึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึฝื˜: ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืœึธืขึธื ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ึธืขื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึดืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธึฝื”: ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนึคื˜ ืขึฒึฝื ึดื™ึผึตื™ ืขึธื ื™ึญื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึท ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืึถื‘ื™ึ‘ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึดึฝื™ื“ึทื›ึผึตื ืขื•ึนืฉืึตืง" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื‘, ื-ื“). ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื, ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื• ืข"ื‘).


ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึฐื—ื•ึผ ื•ึดึฝื™ืจึทื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืžึดื™ืฉืื•ึนืจ



ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื— "ื™ึดึฝืคึฐืจึทื—ึพื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึธึฅื™ื• ืฆึทื“ึผึดึ‘ื™ืง ื•ึฐืจึนึฅื‘ ืฉืึธึืœึ—ื•ึนื ืขึทื“ึพื‘ึผึฐืœึดึฅื™ ื™ึธืจึตึฝื—ึท". ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ื ื”ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื "ื•ึฐึญื™ึตืจึฐื“ึผึฐ ืžึดื™ึผึธึฃื ืขึทื“ึพื™ึธึ‘ื ื•ึผึืžึดื ึผึธื”ึธึ—ืจ ืขึทื“ึพืึทืคึฐืกึตื™ึพืึธึฝืจึถืฅ" ื•ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื™ืฉืœื•ื˜ ืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืง. "ืœึฐึญืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื™ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืขึฃื•ึผ ืฆึดื™ึผึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึฐึืึนื™ึฐื‘ึธึ—ื™ื• ืขึธืคึธึฅืจ ื™ึฐืœึทื—ึตึฝื›ื•ึผ: ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตึฌื™ ืชึทืจึฐืฉืึดึฃื™ืฉื ื•ึฐึญืึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืžึดื ึฐื—ึธึฃื” ื™ึธืฉืึดึ‘ื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตึฅื™ ืฉืึฐื‘ึธึฅื ื•ึผึืกึฐื‘ึธึ—ื ืึถืฉืึฐื›ึผึธึฅืจ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดึฝื™ื‘ื•ึผ: ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผึพืœึฅื•ึน ื›ึธืœึพืžึฐืœึธื›ึดึ‘ื™ื ื›ึผึธืœึพื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึฅื ื™ึทึฝืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึฝื•ึผื”ื•ึผ: ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื™ึทึญืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืึถื‘ึฐื™ึฃื•ึนืŸ ืžึฐืฉืึทื•ึผึตึ‘ืขึท ื•ึฐึืขึธื ึดึ—ื™ ื•ึฐึฝืึตื™ืŸึพืขึนื–ึตึฅืจ ืœึฝื•ึน: ื™ึธึญื—ึนืก ืขึทืœึพื“ึผึทึฃืœ ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึฐื™ึ‘ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึ–ื•ึนืช ืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดึฃื™ื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึดึฝื™ืขึท: ืžึดืชึผึฃื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึผึญืžึตื—ึธืžึธืก ื™ึดื’ึฐืึทึฃืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธึ‘ื ื•ึฐื™ึตื™ืงึทึ–ืจ ื“ึผึธืžึธึฃื ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึธึฝื™ื•" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื‘).


ื’ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉืžื— ื›ืฉื”' ื™ืขืฉื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื. "ื™ื•ึนื“ึ–ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทืžึผึดึฅื™ืื€ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ‘ื™ื ื™ึื•ึนื“ึ—ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทืžึผึดึฅื™ื ื›ึผึปืœึผึธึฝื: ื™ึดึฝืฉื‚ึฐืžึฐื—ึฅื•ึผ ื•ึดึฝื™ืจึทื ึผึฐื ึ—ื•ึผ ืœึฐืึปึซืžึผึดึฅื™ื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืชึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนึฃื˜ ืขึทืžึผึดึฃื™ื ืžึดื™ืฉืึ‘ื•ึนืจ ื•ึผืœึฐืึปืžึผึดึ“ื™ืื€ ื‘ึผึธืึธึ–ืจึถืฅ ืชึผึทื ึฐื—ึตึฃื ืกึถึฝืœึธื”" (ืกื–, ื“-ื•). ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœ "ืœื›ื• ื ืจื ื ื”" ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช.


ืฉืžื—ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง



ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืœื›ื• ื ืจื ื ื”" ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืคืจืง ืฆื• ืขื“ ืคืจืง ืฆื˜ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”' ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจ. "ืฉืึดึฃื™ืจื•ึผ ืœึทึญื”' ืฉืึดึฃื™ืจ ื—ึธื“ึธึ‘ืฉื ืฉืึดึฅื™ืจื•ึผ ืœึทึื”ึ—' ื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅ" โ€“ "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืกื•ืคื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•, ื). ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื’ื ื”ืฆื“ืง "ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนึฝื˜ึพืชึผึตื‘ึตึฅืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถึ‘ื“ึถืง ื•ึฐึืขึทืžึผึดึ—ื™ื ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชึฝื•ึน".


ื›ืš ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ืื—ืจื™ื• (ืฆื–) "ื”ึฃ' ืžึธึญืœึธืšึฐ ืชึผึธื’ึตึฃืœ ื”ึธืึธึ‘ืจึถืฅ ื™ึดึืฉื‚ึฐืžึฐื—ึ—ื•ึผ ืึดื™ึผึดึฅื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดึฝื™ื: ืขึธื ึธึฃืŸ ื•ึทืขึฒืจึธืคึถึฃืœ ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธึ‘ื™ื• ืฆึถึฅื“ึถืง ื•ึผึืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึ—ื˜ ืžึฐื›ึฃื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึดืกึฐืึฝื•ึน: ืึตึญืฉื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธึฃื™ื• ืชึผึตืœึตึ‘ืšึฐ ื•ึผืชึฐืœึทื”ึตึ–ื˜ ืกึธื‘ึดึฃื™ื‘ ืฆึธืจึธึฝื™ื•". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ืื—ืจื™ื• (ืฆื—) "ืžึดื–ึฐืžึกื•ึนืจ ืฉืึดึคื™ืจื•ึผ ืœึทึฝื”ึจ'ื€ ืฉืึดึฃื™ืจ ื—ึธึญื“ึธืฉื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื ึดืคึฐืœึธืึฃื•ึนืช ืขึธืฉื‚ึธึ‘ื” ื”ื•ึนืฉืึดึฝื™ืขึธื”ึพืœึผึฅื•ึน ื™ึฐึืžึดื™ื ึ—ื•ึน ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึฅื•ึนืขึท ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึฝื•ึน". ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื "ื”ึธืจึดึฃื™ืขื•ึผ ืœึทึญึฝื”' ื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืึธึ‘ืจึถืฅ" ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื "ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนึฝื˜ึพืชึผึตื‘ึตึฅืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถึ‘ื“ึถืง ื•ึฐึืขึทืžึผึดึ—ื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึตื™ืฉืึธืจึดึฝื™ื".


ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• (ืฆื˜) ืฉืžืชืืจ ืื™ืš ื”' ืžื•ืœืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. "ื•ึฐืขึนึฅื– ืžึถืœึถืšึฐึ˜ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึชื˜ ืึธึซื”ึตึฅื‘ ืึทึญืชึผึธื” ื›ึผื•ึนื ึทึฃื ึฐืชึผึธ ืžึตื™ืฉืึธืจึดึ‘ื™ื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธึฅื˜ ื•ึผึืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธึ—ื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึคื‘ื€ ืึทืชึผึธึฌื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึดึฝื™ืชึธ". ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.


 


ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืข ืฉืงืจืกื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช



ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืฆืืจ ื•ื”ืกื•ืœื˜ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™



ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื”' ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื•. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงืจืกื• ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืขื•ื“ื“ ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื–ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื• ืงืจืกื” ื’ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ืฉื—ืกืžื” ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืงืจืกื• ื’ื ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.


ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื”ื, ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ืจื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื



ื”ื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืกืช ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืคืœื• ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ื•ืงืจืกื• ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื• ืืœ ืชื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื”. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื• ืงืจืกื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืจืงื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ืฉืœ ืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœ ืฉื ืืช ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช. ืฉืœ ืจื“ื™ืคื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ืžืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ืฉืง ื—ื“ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืฉืžื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืงืจืกื• ื›ืขืฉืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.


ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉืงื•ืจืกื•ืช ื›ืขืช



ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืกืช ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื™ืœื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ืœืฉื‘ืข ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืืฉืจืื™. ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ ืžืกื—ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“, ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืฉื•ืงืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื. ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืคืก. ื›ืš ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ืชื™ืžืŸ, ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื”, ืœื•ื‘, ืืœื’'ื™ืจ ื•ืกื•ื“ืŸ. ื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื ืคืกืงืช. ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช. ืจืขื‘, ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื ืงื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื.


ืคืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื™ืจืง ื”ื™ื• ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”. ื›ืžื•ืชืŸ ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ื‘ื—ืจื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ืžืจื• ืœื” ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ื ืคื˜. ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ื•ื›ืš ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”' ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื "ืืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืชืœืš ื•ืชืœื”ื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆืจื™ื•" (ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืืชืจ ื’'ืคืœื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจ).


ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ืืœื•ืงื™



ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื’ืจ, ืœื™ืชื•ื ื•ืœืืœืžื ื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ "ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืชื•ึนื ืœึนื ืชึฐืขึทื ึผื•ึผืŸ: ืึดื ืขึทื ึผึตื” ืชึฐืขึทื ึผึถื” ืึนืชื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืฆึธืขึนืง ื™ึดืฆึฐืขึทืง ืึตืœึทื™ ืฉืึธืžึนืขึท ืึถืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืฆึทืขึฒืงึธืชื•ึน: ื•ึฐื—ึธืจึธื” ืึทืคึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึทื’ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื‘ึผึถื—ึธืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื ึฐืฉืึตื™ื›ึถื ืึทืœึฐืžึธื ื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื™ึฐืชึนืžึดื™ื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘, ื›ื-ื›ื’). ืœื—ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืฃ ืงืœ ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื“ื ื™ื.


ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื“ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” "ื”' ืฉืึนืžึตืจ ืึถืช ื’ึผึตืจึดื™ื ื™ึธืชื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื” ื™ึฐืขื•ึนื“ึตื“ ื•ึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื™ึฐืขึทื•ึผึตืช: ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ื”' ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึดืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื“ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ึนืจ ื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื”ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื• ื˜). ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉืงื•. "ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืขึธื•ึถืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืœึนื ืชึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืคึฐื ึตื™ ื“ึธืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึถื”ึฐื“ึผึทืจ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถื“ึถืง ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืขึฒืžึดื™ืชึถืšึธ" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•).


ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ



ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ืฉื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื” "ื”ื—ื–ืง ืžื ืฆื—", ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ืจ, ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื• ืงืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื ืชื‘ืข ืฉื•ืœืคื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜, ื”ืฉื•ืœืฃ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื  ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืœื“ืขืชื, ื›ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ื–ืงื™ื.


ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื•ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืœืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื›ืื• ื•ืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืขื“ ืขืคืจ. ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื—ืœืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื” ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื.


ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ืœื” ืฆืขืงืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื›ื ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื•ืคืœื• ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ืืœื•. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฆื“ืง, ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื”ืืจื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•.


 


ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”



ื•ึฐื–ึนืืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึธื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึฝืœ



ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืœื ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืืœื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ืœื ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœื ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืื• ืœืคื•ืฉืข ืžื“ื•ืคืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.


ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื ื”ืจื’ ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืืœื ื’ื•ืœื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, "ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจึ™ ืœึนึฃื ืฆึธื“ึธึ”ื” ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ืึดื ึผึธึฃื” ืœึฐื™ึธื“ึ‘ื•ึน ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดึคื™ ืœึฐืšึธึ™ ืžึธืงึ”ื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื™ึธื ึ–ื•ึผืก ืฉืึธึฝืžึผึธื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื™ื’). ื”ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืื—ืชื ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืื™ืš ืžืฉื” ืžื–ื“ืจื– ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช "ื•ึฐื–ึนึ–ืืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธึ‘ื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืฉื‚ึธึฃื ืžึนืฉืึถึ”ื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึ–ื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึฝืœ", ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•.


ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื”' ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธืจึถืšึฐ



ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ื• ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื”' ืคื•ืชื— ืคืชื— ืœื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื (ื›ื” ื—) "ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื”' ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธืจึถืšึฐ", ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจื” ืื ื”ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื "ื™ึทื“ึฐืจึตืšึฐ ืขึฒื ึธื•ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึดื™ืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืขึฒื ึธื•ึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน". (ืžื›ื•ืช ื™ ืข"ื‘).


ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ - ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืชื™ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืชืงืŸ



ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื”' ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืจืก. ืืฆืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ ืฉื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœืžื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื. ืืฆืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ ืœืชืœื™ื™ื”". ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ืคืœ ืœื’ื ื‘ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื• ืคื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืœื’ื•ื ื‘ ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืฉื”. ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืชื™ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืจื•ืก, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืกื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช "ื•ึฐืœึนึคื ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืคึตืšึฐึ™ ื“ึผึธึฃื ื ึธืงึดึ”ื™ ื‘ึผึฐืงึถึฃืจึถื‘ ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธึ” ืึฒืฉืึถืจึ™ ื”ึฃ' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถึ”ื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตึฅืŸ ืœึฐืšึธึ– ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธึ‘ื” ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธึฅื” ืขึธืœึถึ–ื™ืšึธ ื“ึผึธืžึดึฝื™ื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜, ื’-ื™ื).


 


ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” โ€“ ืœื ืžื–ื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืื ื•ืก



ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ โ€“ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื



ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื–ื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืื ื•ืก. ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืชื”. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื–ื™ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื•. "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึฐื ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื’ึผึนืึตืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื•ึธืžึตืช: ืœึนื ืชึธื—ื•ึนืก ืขึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึดืขึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื“ึทื ื”ึทื ึผึธืงึดื™ ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ".


ืœืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืคืจ "ื•ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืงื— ื›ื•ืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืฆื” ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื ืœืคื˜ืจื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ืจื’ ืงื ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื ืืœื ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืœื ืชืงื—ื• ื›ื•ืคืจ ืœื ืคืฉ ืจื•ืฆื—', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืœื ืชื—ื ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืคืจืง ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื“).


ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ



ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืจื‘ื• ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืชื‘ืขืจื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžืœืš ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืชืงื ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. "ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืจืฆื—ื ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื ืกื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื ืฆืจ ื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืžื™ืขื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื›ืจื™ืกื ื ื‘ืงืขืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™.


ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœืฉืืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืชืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืžืžื™ืชื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืข"ื– ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, ืฉืืœื• ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื‘ืœ ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืข ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืงื•ืœื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ" ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจืžื ื‘ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ืื—ืื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืืช ื ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœื™ื• (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืคืจืง ื‘).


ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜ ืจืง ืœืฉื•ื’ื’ ื‘ื”ืขืœืžื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”



ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื–ื™ื“ โ€“ ืœื ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื "ืฉืœืฉื” ื”ื ื”ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ื”ืขืœืžื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• 'ื•ืืฉืจ ืœื ืฆื“ื”' ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื’ืœื” ืœืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ื•ื™ื ืฆืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื’ื’ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ื ืก ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืืจืข ื‘ืžื™ืชืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ืจืข ืคืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ืื ื”ืจื’ื• ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื - ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื’ื’ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืคืฉื™ืขื” ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ื•ืœื ื ื–ื”ืจ" โ€“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜.


ื–ื•ืจืง ืื‘ืŸ ืœื ื’ื•ืœื” โ€“ ื•ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื–ื™ื“



"ื›ื™ืฆื“, ื”ื–ื•ืจืง ืื‘ืŸ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’, ืื• ื”ืกื•ืชืจ ื›ืชืœื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืคืœื” ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ืชื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืกืชืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืกืชืจื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื–ื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืงืœื˜ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื• ืคืฉื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื–ืจื•ืง ืื• ื™ืกืชื•ืจ. ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ื ื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืคืจืช ืœื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืจื’ื• - ืคื˜ื•ืจ" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืคืจืง ื•).


ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื’ื’ื”



ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื‘ื”ืขืœืžื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜. ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื–ืืช ื’ื ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืฉื•ืืœืช ืœืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืชืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜: "ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื‘ึถืจ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ - ืชึผึฐืœึธืช, ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ - ืชึผึฐืœึธืช? ืึธืžึทืจ ืึทื‘ึผึทื™ึตื™, ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื—ึตื™ ืจื•ึนืฆึฐื—ึดื™ื, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘, (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•) 'ื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืงึดืจึฐื™ึทืช ืคึผึนืขึฒืœึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ ืขึฒืงึปื‘ึผึธื” ืžึดื“ึผึธื'". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”.


ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืื” ืคืจืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ. ื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงืจื‘ื” ืœืฉื›ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืžืื” ืคืจืกื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืคืจืกื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืœื™ื”ื. "ืžึทืื™ ืฉืึฐื ึธื ืžึตื”ึทืื™ ื’ึดื™ืกึธื ื“ึผึดืžึฐืจึทื—ึฐืงึตื™, ื•ึผืžึทืื™ ืฉืึฐื ึธื ืžึฐืฆึดื™ืขึธืึตื™ ื“ึผึฐืžึดืงึธืจึฐื‘ึตื™? ืึธืžึทืจ ืึทื‘ึผึทื™ึตื™, ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึถื ื ึทืžึดื™ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื—ึดื™ ืจื•ึนืฆึฐื—ึดื™ื".


ืฉื›ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช "ื•ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืžืจ ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ื”' ืืจืฆื•". ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื. ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืš, ื—ืœื™ืœื”.


 


ืคืืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜



ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ื“ืจืš



ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ืฆื— ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืขื™ื. "ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื - ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืืžื•ืช; ื“ืจืš ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ - ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืืžื•ืช" (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืง ืข"ื‘). ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืงืค ื’) "ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœืš ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื”". ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.


ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื›ื•ืช ื™ ืข"ื‘) ืžื•ื‘ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื "'ืžืงืœื˜' ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ื™ืคื ื” ืœืฉื". ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ "ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœ ื•ืžื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื•ืจื’ืŸ (ืขืžื•ื“) ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืจื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ื•ืจื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืœื (ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื) ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฆืœื ืขืงื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืจืื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜" (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื - ืคืจืง ื™ื˜ - ื”ืžืฉืš ืจืžื– ืชืชืงื™ื˜).


ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื "ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ืžืกื™ืจื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืชืงืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื ืชืœ ื•ืœื ื’ื™ื ื•ืœื ื ื”ืจ ืืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื’ืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื— ืœืฉื ืฉื ' 'ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ื“ืจืš', ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื“ืจืš ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืืžื•ืช, ื•'ืžืงืœื˜' 'ืžืงืœื˜' ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื”ืจืฆื—ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืคื ื• ืœืฉื" (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื— ื”).


ืื ืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื



ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ "ื‘ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืฆืื•ื”ื• ืฉื ืชืงืœืงืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืจืฉืœื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืคื›ื• ื“ืžื™ื".


ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืขื•ื•ืœ ื•ืจืฆื—, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื— ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื›ื ื ื•.


ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื



ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืžื›ื•ืช ื˜, ื‘): "ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื”ืจื’ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ื•" ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื“ื "ืืœ ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื• ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ ื“ืžื™ื, ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื‘ื ืžืขืฉื” ืœื™ื“ื•".


ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ



ืขื•ื“ ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. "ืชึผึธื ื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื ึธืŸ, ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื‘ึถืจ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ, ื•ึผื›ึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึธืŸ ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ, ื•ึผืžึฐื›ึปื•ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ืฉืื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทื›ึผึถืจึถื. (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›) 'ื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ' ื‘ึผึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”, ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ 'ื‘ึผึถืฆึถืจ' ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ. 'ืฉืึฐื›ึถื' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ 'ืจึธืžื•ึนืช' ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“. 'ืงึถื“ึถืฉื' ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื ึทืคึฐืชึผึธืœึดื™, ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ 'ื’ึผื•ึนืœึธืŸ' ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ. 'ื•ึฐืฉืึดืœึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธ' - ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผ ืžึฐืฉืึปืœึผึธืฉืื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ืžึดื“ึผึธืจื•ึนื ืœึฐื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ, ื›ึผึฐืžึตื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐื›ึถื, ื•ึผืžึตื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐื›ึถื, ื›ึผึฐืžึดืฉึผืึฐื›ึถื ืœึฐืงึถื“ึถืฉื, ื•ึผืžึดืฉึผืึฐื›ึถื ืœึฐืงึถื“ึถืฉื, ื›ึผึฐืžึดืงึผึถื“ึถืฉื ืœึฐืฆึธืคื•ึนืŸ" (ืžื›ื•ืช ื˜ ืข"ื‘).


 


ืขืจื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”



ืขื™ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื” ืจืฆื—ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช



ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš. ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืขื™ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื” ืจืฆื—ื ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ืœื˜ืช. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืชืงืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื—ื ื™ื, ืœื”ืคืš, ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื "ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื” ืจืฆื—ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•' ื•ืœื ืฉืฉื•ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื–ืงื ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื–ืงื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืคืจืง ื— ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜).


ืจืฆื— ืฉื’ืœื” - ืžื’ืœื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื• ืขื™ืžื•


ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื•ืžืจืช "ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉื’ืœื” ืœืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ - ืžื’ืœื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื• ืขืžื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื—ื™', ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื”, ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื’ืœื” ืžื’ืœื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืขืžื•". ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืœื”, ืœืžื” ื”ืจื‘ ืืฉื ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ื•ืื ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ ื™ืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื•? ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ืจืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื• ืื™ืชื•.


ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช



ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืฉ ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ืืœื ื›ืœ 42 ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ื•ึผืœึฐืœึตื•ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื™ื•ึนืจื•ึผ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื 42 ืขืจื™ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


"ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื ' 'ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืชืชื ื• ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืขื™ืจ' ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืชื ื• ืœืœื•ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืงื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืœืงืœื•ื˜. ื•ืžื” ื”ืคืจืฉ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื“ืœื• ืœืžืงืœื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื™ื? ืฉืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืงืœื˜, ื•ืฉืืจ ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื ืœื“ืขืช" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืคืจืง ื— ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜). ืฉืื ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื ืงืœื˜. ื•ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื ืœืฉื โ€“ ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ ื›ืœื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืงืœื˜.


ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืชืจื‘ื” ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™



ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื™ืจื‘ื• ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜, ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื "ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ืฉืฉ ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ึฐื™ึธืกึทืคึฐืชึผึธึ™ ืœึฐืšึธึฅ ืขื•ึนื“ึ™ ืฉืึธืœึนึฃืฉื ืขึธืจึดึ”ื™ื ืขึทึ–ืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœึนึฅืฉื ื”ึธืึตึฝืœึผึถื”' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื˜, ื—-ื™). ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ืงื ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื›ืจืช ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื‘ืฉื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ึฐืึดืึพื™ึทืจึฐื—ึดึžื™ื‘ ื”ึค' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถึ™ื™ืšึธึ™ ืึถืชึพื’ึผึฐื‘ึปึฃืœึฐืšึธึ” ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทึ–ืข ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถึ‘ื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึธึคืชึทืŸ ืœึฐืšึธึ™ ืึถืชึพื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืึธึ”ืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถึ–ืจ ืœึธืชึตึฅืช ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถึฝื™ืšึธ: ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืชึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจึฉ ืึถืชึพื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธึจื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืึœืช ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึนืชึธึ—ื”ึผ ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืึธื ึนื›ึดึฃื™ ืžึฐืฆึทื•ึผึฐืšึธึ˜ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืึ’ ืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธึžื” ืึถืชึพื”ึง' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถึ›ื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึธืœึถึฅื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธึ–ื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึธืกึทืคึฐืชึผึธึ™ ืœึฐืšึธึฅ ืขื•ึนื“ึ™ ืฉืึธืœึนึฃืฉื ืขึธืจึดึ”ื™ื ืขึทึ–ืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœึนึฅืฉื ื”ึธืึตึฝืœึผึถื”'" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื˜, ื—-ื™).


ื”ื‘ื“ืœืช ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื โ€“ ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”



ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืžืฉื” ืžื–ื“ืจื– ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™. ืฉื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืึธึฃื– ื™ึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดึคื™ืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื”ึ™ ืฉืึธืœึนึฃืฉื ืขึธืจึดึ”ื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึตึ–ื‘ึถืจ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตึ‘ืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐืจึฐื—ึธึ–ื” ืฉืึธึฝืžึถืฉื" ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื "ื•ึฐื–ึนึ–ืืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธึ‘ื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืฉื‚ึธึฃื ืžึนืฉืึถึ”ื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึ–ื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตึฅื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตึฝืœ". ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืคืืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื•ืจื.


ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื•ื™ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื• "ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ืชึดึผืคึธึผื“ึถื” ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึดึผืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื”" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื, ื›ื–). ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.


 


ืกื™ืคื•ืจ


ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ



ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื“ื•ื“ ืขื–ืจืืŸ ื–ืฆืดืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืฉื›"ื• ื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ" ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืื•ื”ืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืจืืฉื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื”ืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ืื‘ื•ื—ืฆื™ืจื ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืื‘ื•ื—ืฆื™ืจื ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ืขืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.


ื‘ืื–ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื“ื•ื“ ืขื–ืจืืŸ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืชื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืกืข ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.


ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฉืœื—ื” ืจื‘ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื’ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืกื™ื›ืžื” ืืชื• ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ 51% ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื™ื ืœื›ื™ืกื•. ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžืชืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืชื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœืžื• ืœื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืฉื–ื” ืœื˜ืขื ืชื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ.


ื”ืžืชืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืชืจื™ื ืชื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืžื” ื•ืืžืจ: ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื–ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืœื›ื™ืกื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”? ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืœืฉืœื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืœื•ืงื— 51% ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœืื•ืชื” ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.


ื”ืจื‘ ืกื™ืคืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจืืŸ ื•ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ - ืื•ืช ืงืžื—) ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืžื”ืœืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื•. "ืžึทืฆึฐืจึตืฃ ืœึทื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผืจ ืœึทื–ึผึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืžึทื”ึฒืœึธืœื•ึน" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื–, ื›ื). ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืžืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžื”ืœืœ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. "ืึดื ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตื—ึท ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉึนึดื™ื ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื, ืชึผึตื“ึทืข ื•ึผื‘ึธื—ึทื ึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื™ืฉื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐืฉืึนืจึถืฉื - ื”ึทืฆึผึถื“ึถืง ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืจึทืง ืœึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืึถืช ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•, ื•ึผืœึฐื’ึทื ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึนืช" ื•ื›ื•'.


ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื•ื›ื“'. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”.


ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืจื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืงืขื• ืžืกืžืจ ื‘ืงื™ืจ ืœื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืืžืจ ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื–ื”. 


 


 


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”



ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื? ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืขืœืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื›-30 ืฉื ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืจื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืื– ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘"ืขืจื›ื™ื". ืื ืื ื™ ืžืคืงื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ?


ืืฉืจื™ื™ืš ืฉืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ. ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ื•ืจืง ืื ืœื ืžืฆืืช - ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.


 


 


ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื, ืžื” ืœืš ื ืจื“ื. ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื– ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”,  ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช?


ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ืŸ, ืขื ื”ื ืฅ. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ืืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช.


 


ื‘ืœื™ ื ื“ืจ. ื”ืื ื”ืชืจืช ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืคืจื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•? ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื“ื ืืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืชื ืื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• โ€“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ื ื“ืจ?


ื”ืชืจืช ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืจืง ืœืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”'. ืื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ.


 


 

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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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