ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช
  • ื•ื™ืฆื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ื”ืžืœืืš ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–"ืœ

ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ " ืžึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช", ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืกืคื•ืจ ืžึดื’ึฐื“ึผึทืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื, ื‘-ื—) ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืœื›ื” ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœ ืจืื• ืืช ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืžืœื›ืชื, ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื; ืืš ื–ื”ื• ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•.
ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืฆืœื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœ ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ืžืขึธืคึธืจ, ื•ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืื‘ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืกื™ื“ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ืžื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ. ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื”ื™ื’ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘, ื›ื“) ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืจืžื–ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘, ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืขืœ ืึถื‘ึถืŸ, ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืžึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœ, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœ ืžืืกื• ื‘ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ืœืงื— ืžื”ืขึธืคึธืจ ื•ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขึธืคึธืจ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ.

ื”"ืึถื‘ึถืŸ" ื•ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืคื” ื›ืกืžืœ ืœืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื, ืžื“-ืžื–):
"ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธื” ื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืช ืึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึธืึธืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืขึตื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึถืšึธ: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึธื‘ึถืŸ ื•ึทื™ึฐืจึดื™ืžึถื”ึธ ืžึทืฆึผึตื‘ึธื”: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืœึฐืึถื—ึธื™ื• ืœึดืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื’ึธืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืœ: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœื•ึน ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ื™ึฐื’ึทืจ ืฉื‚ึธื”ึฒื“ื•ึผืชึธื ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืงึธืจึธื ืœื•ึน ื’ึผึทืœึฐืขึตื“:"


ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืฉืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืžืจืžื– ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ, ืื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืึถื‘ึถืŸ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ื”; ื•ืคื•ื ื” ืœ"ืึถื—ึธื™ื•" ืœืœืงื•ื˜ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื’ึธืœ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืึถื—ึธื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื.
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžึทืฆึผึถื‘ึถืช ื”ืึธื‘ึถืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืึถื—ึธื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ึธืœ ื”ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื. ื”ืจืื‘"ืข ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื: " ื’ืœ - ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื• ืฉื ืื‘ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•" 1 . ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘. ืžื“ื•ืข?

ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืง ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื”
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืจื™ื ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืคื•ื ื” ืœ"ืึถื—ึธื™ื•" ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื•ืœื’ึธืœ. ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืืฆืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืืœ ื•ืฉื ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืชื—ืช ืžืจืืฉื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื ืืช ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืกื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™ ื-ืœื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื“ืจ ื ื“ืจ ื•ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ื”. ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—, ื™ื‘-ื›ื‘):
"... ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒืœึนื ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืกึปืœึผึธื ืžึปืฆึผึธื‘ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ื•ึฐืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ืžึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึนืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึนืจึฐื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผื•ึน: ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”' ื ึดืฆึผึธื‘ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ... ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืžึทื” ื ึผื•ึนืจึธื ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึทืขึทืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐื›ึผึตื ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึธื ืžึฐืจึทืึฒืฉืึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืžึทืฆึผึตื‘ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฆึนืง ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉืึธื”ึผ: ... ื•ึฐื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึทืฆึผึตื‘ึธื” ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืชึผึถืŸ ืœึดื™ ืขึทืฉึผื‚ึตืจ ืึฒืขึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจึถื ึผื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ: "
ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™ืฆ"ื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื”ืกื•ืœื ืžื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžื•ืฆื‘ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื”. ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™ืฆ"ื‘ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžืกืžืœ ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ-ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ-ื”ื’ืฉืžื™. ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช "ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื" ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ื—ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ-ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ-ื”ืืจืฆื™.

ื•ึฐื’ึธืœึฒืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ - ื•ึทื™ึผึธื’ึถืœ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ
ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืขื™ ืฆืืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื "ืึทื—ึทื™" ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื’ื•ืœ ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืืŸ, ืืš ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชื›ื ืกื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ืจื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื—ืœ ื•ืฆืื ื• ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ, (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื˜, ื‘-ื™):
"ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึนื ื ื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืขึทื“ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืึธืกึฐืคื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒื“ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ึธืœึฒืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืึตืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืงึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฆึผึนืืŸ: ... ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธืึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึถืช ืจึธื—ึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืช ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืึฒื—ึดื™ ืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฆึนืืŸ ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืึฒื—ึดื™ ืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึทืฉื ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึธื’ึถืœ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืึตืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืงึฐ ืึถืช ืฆึนืืŸ ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืึฒื—ึดื™ ืึดืžึผื•ึน:"


ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืจืฉ "ื’ืœืœ" ("ื•ึฐื’ึธืœึฒืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ", "ื•ึทื™ึผึธื’ึถืœ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ"). ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื "ืึทื—ึทื™", ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื. ืื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื•ืื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื”ื. ื”ืฉืจืฉ ื’ืœ"ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื’ื•ืœ ืฉืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ, ื•ื’ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ.

ืื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื—ื•ืฅ-ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืคื•ื ื” ืœ"ืึถื—ึธื™ื•" ืœืœืงื•ื˜ ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืœื•ืงื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ื’ึธืœ. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืจืžื–ืช ืœื ื• ืฉืฉื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ-ืœืืจืฅ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืจื™ืง, ื•"ืึถื—ึธื™ื•" ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ึธืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื. ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื– ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ, ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ืฆื ืœื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ื”.

ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืฉืžื•ืจืžืช ืœืžึทืฆึผึตื‘ึธื” ื•ื’ึธืœ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื
ืœืงื• ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืžืจืžื–ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฉืžืชื‘ืืจืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื˜ื•ืœื™ื“ื ื• (ื—ืœืง ื ืฉืขืจ ื’ ืคืจืง ื“), ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•:
"ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”... ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช... ื•ืœืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช,.. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืขื›ื•"ื, ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืงื™ื•ืžื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ... ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืคื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืคืชื—ื™ ืฉืขืจื™ื ื ืชื™ื‘ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ".


ืœืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืจืž"ืง (ื›ื’, ื): "ืึถื‘ึถืŸ - ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™ื•"ื“ ื•ืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื‘ื”". ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ื” . ื•ืืœื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ, ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืกืžืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืงื™ืžื•ืช ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื.

ื’ืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืจืฆื•ื™, ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขึธืคึธืจ ืืœื ืžืึถื‘ึถืŸ. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืชืื’ื“ื• ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืœ"ื’ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื" ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื•ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘"ืžึทืฆึผึถื‘ึถืช ื”ืึธื‘ึถืŸ" ืฉืœ "ื‘ื™ืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื". ืžืฆื‘ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืื‘ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื’ืœ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™
ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื‘ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืžืฉื ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื‘ืœ. ืชื—ื ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื. ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืžืชืขืกืง ื‘"ืžึทืฆึผึถื‘ึถืช ื”ืึธื‘ึถืŸ" ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื. ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื’, ื›): "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฆึผึถื‘ ืฉืึธื ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœื•ึน ืึตืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ". ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื™ืฆ"ื‘ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ-ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ-ื”ืืจืฆื™; ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืฉื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืึถื‘ึถืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื, ื™ื—): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื›ึผึฐื›ึทืœึผึนืชื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึดืชึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืœึปื—ึนืช ื”ึธืขึตื“ึปืช ืœึปื—ึนืช ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื›ึผึฐืชึปื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืฆึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื". ื•ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืฉื›ื ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื• ืฉื ืžื‘ื ื” ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื–, ื‘-ื—):
"ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึทืขึทื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึตืžึนืชึธ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื“: ... ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึธื‘ึฐืจึฐื›ึถื ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ ืชึผึธืงึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืžึฐืฆึทื•ึผึถื” ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืขึตื™ื‘ึธืœ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื“: ... ื•ึฐื›ึธืชึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึทืึตืจ ื”ึตื™ื˜ึตื‘:"


ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ื, ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืื‘ืŸ 2 , ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”; ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืขื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืคืจ ื•ืฉืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืžืขืคืจ, ื•ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขื™ื ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”"ืžื’ื“ืœ" ื”ื–ื”, ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื”ืกื™ื“, ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ึผึทืึตืจ ื”ึตื™ื˜ึตื‘, ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืžืฉื ื” ืกื•ื˜ื” ื–, ื”); ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ.
ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืคืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืžืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื”ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื, ืืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืื– ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. "ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธื– ืึถื”ึฐืคึผึนืšึฐ ืึถืœ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืฉื‚ึธืคึธื” ื‘ึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ืœึดืงึฐืจึนื ื›ึปืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ื”' ืœึฐืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึน ืฉืึฐื›ึถื ืึถื—ึธื“" (ืฆืคื ื™ื” ื’, ื˜).

ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช; ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืจื—ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืืŸ; ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ืžื•-ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื•ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”.
ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืจื—ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืจืขื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืชืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืฆื‘ืจื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืžืžื™ืชื”.
ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืขื™ืžื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื›ื. ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืชืคืขืœ ืืš-ื•ืจืง ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ื, ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืงื ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื”ืกื™ื“ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”. "ืขืฆืžื•ืช" ืฉืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœ"ืื‘ืŸ" ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืœื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช. ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืงื ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ; ืขืฆืžื•ืช "ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื" ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ โ€“ "ื”ึธืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉืื•ึนืช".

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืžื˜ืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื˜, ื›ื‘-ื›ื“):
"ื‘ึผึตืŸ ืคึผึนืจึธืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ... ื•ึทืชึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืึตื™ืชึธืŸ ืงึทืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึธืคึนื–ึผื•ึผ ื–ึฐืจึนืขึตื™ ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืžึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืžึดืฉึผืึธื ืจึนืขึถื” ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ:"

ื”"ืงืฉืช" ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ื•ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉ"ืงืฉืชื•" ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ "ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ"; ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืžืœื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”"ืื‘ืŸ" 3 . ืื•ืœื ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื›ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื.

ื’ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ื’ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช
ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืก ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื’ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช" ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื“ืจืฉืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ืžืื‘ืŸ ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช. ื“ืจืฉืชื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื”. ื”"ืื‘ืŸ" ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืืœื• ื”"ื™ื" ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” 4 . ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขืžืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืก ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืื– ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื•, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืก ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืœื›ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช, ื’ื ืื– ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉื”ืคื™ื—ื• ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘"ื’ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช" ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืœ ืขืฆื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ืขืฆื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืขื•ืจ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื•ื–ื” "ืื‘ืŸ" ืžืชื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืืŸ "ื’ืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื" ืฉืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืž"ืื—ื™ื•" ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืจืช ืขื™ืžื ื‘ืจื™ืช.
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื“ (ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืคื”) ื•ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืคื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืชืฆื ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืกื“ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ "ื’ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื", ื•ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ"ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช" ืฉืกื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ื™ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืจื“.

ื›ืขืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืก ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœ ืคืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ("ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื•"), ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ "ื’ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื" ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื›"ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช".
ืœืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื’ื“ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื ืจืื” ื›ืืœื• ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืก, ืืš ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”! ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื’ื“ื”, ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื!!!
ื”"ื’ืœ" ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘"ื’ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื", ืฉืžืจืžื– ืœื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื’ื•ืœ ื”ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื”"ืขืฆืžื•ืช" ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘"ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ". ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืŸ ืกืžืœ ืœืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืกืžืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืฆืืฆืื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ "ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื" ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืขื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ.

ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื‘"ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ" ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืคืขืžืช ืจื•ื— ื”' - ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืขืคื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืžืคืจืกืžืช ืืช ืฉื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ"ื’ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื" ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื• ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืจ ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืžืžืœื›ื” ื–ื• ืคืขืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื ื‘"ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“".


^ 1 ื‘ื ื•ืกืš ืœื›ืš "ื’ึธืœ" ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืขืจื™ืžื” ืขื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืฆื, ื
^ 2 ื•ืจืื” ืจื“"ืง ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœื’, ื™ื‘
^ 3 ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” (ืฆ, ื•) ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคืขืœ ื’ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "'ื•ึทืชึผึดืจึฐืขึทื‘ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ื’ื•' ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ืœึธื›ึถื ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ' - ืจ' ืื‘ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ืคืืŸ ืœืžื•ืœ, ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžืจ 'ื—ื™ื™ืชื ื•' ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื 'ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื ื•' ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื– ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื‘."
^ 4 "ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืงืจื ื™ื ... ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื”." (ืคืจื“ืก ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืจืž"ืง; ื›ื’, ื™)

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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