ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”
  • ื’ืจื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืงื ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืช ืช"ืจ ืœืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ืž ืœืขืจืš (1840โ€“1980). ืžื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืจ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ.
ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื•, ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืชื•ืš ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจื™"ื (ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1850) ื‘ึพThe Asmonean. ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช "ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื" ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืจื‘ ืงื”ื™ืœืช 'ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”' ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืจืื™ื "any evidence of religion" (ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืชื™ื•ืช).
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจื›"ื” (1865) ืคืจืกื ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืœื•ื•ืื™, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื’ืจื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืš ืœื ืœื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ - ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ (The Occident, 1865).
ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื• ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืจื—ื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื’ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืื•ื“.
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืข"ื— (1918) ืชื™ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ: "ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืžืขืจื™ืงื, ืืฉืจ ืœื“ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื ืžื—ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช" (ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—"ื’ ื›ื, ื).
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื™ (1950) ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: "ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉืžืกืชืžื ื”ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื™ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉืจืง ื‘ืคื™ื”ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื›ืฃ ืžื—ืœืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ืคืงืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" (ืื’"ืž ื™ื•"ื“ ื, ืงืฆื“).
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื—ื•ืช, "ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ... ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื•ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ืง" (ืื’"ืž ื, ื™ื•"ื“ ืงื ื˜; ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื’"ืž ื, ืื”"ืข ื›ื–).
ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื, ืจืื•: ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืชืจ"ืก, ื›ืจืš ื‘, ืขืž' ืงื ื“); ืชืคืืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“ ืชืฉ"ื’, ื, ื; ื‘,ื™ื’); ื ื–ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืชืฉ"ื”, ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืž' 130); ืžืฉื ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื• ืชืฉืœ"ื—, ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืงื˜"ื–, ืขืž' ืจืข"ื“), ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื”ื‘ื™ืกื•ืกื™ื ืœื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”
ื›ืžื” ืžืคื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื ื™ืžืงื•, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ื•ื‘ื™ืกืกื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืข"ื— (1918) ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื•"ืช ืžืœื›ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื‘ื•ืงืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™, ื ื™ืžืง ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื™ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื‘ืœ ื‘ืช ืžืœืš ืฆื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื—ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ืจื‘ืขื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ืžื—ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื ื™ืžืง: "ืื•ืœื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื (ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ) ืฉืœื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ". ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืจืข.
ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืค"ื‘ (1922) ืฉืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื™ืœื•ื‘, ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจืงื™ื•ื– ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืืช ืจื‘ื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืจืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืช, "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ืชืจ". ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืง: "ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืžืฆืื• ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืœ ื™ื™ื“ื—ื• ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื" (ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืฉื ื” ื, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื’).
ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื˜ืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ื’ืจื•ื“ื–ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืžื’ืื•ื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื›ื“ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื’ื™ื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืจื›ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืชืฉืžื•ืจื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ืžืฉื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” - ืฉืžืชื ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• - ื–ื” ื ืงืจื 'ื’ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“', ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื”" (ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืฉื ื” ื‘, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื•). ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช 'ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”' ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื ืชืŸ ืงื•ื˜ืœืจ ืœืจื‘ ื™ืœื•ื‘, ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืจ (ืฉื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›).
ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื“ (1944), ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืกืงื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืขืžื“ื” ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื“) ืชื™ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื•"ืœื™ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืงืคื™ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช". ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืกืก ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ... ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฉื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืชื—ืช ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”".
ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื”ืจืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืก, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ, ืื‘"ื“ ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื• ื•ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืงื ื“ื”, ืฆื™ื“ื“ ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ื–ื•. ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžืฉื ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืœ"ืช ืงื˜ื–, ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืชืฉืœ"ื—, 1978) ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ "ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ืืœื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”... ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ืžื•". ื”ืจื‘ ืคืจื™ื™ืก ืžื ืžืง ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืžื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืึพืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื ื”: "ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืึพืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ื‘ื ืœืžืœืื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื›ืขื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืื•ืชื•". ื•ื—ืชื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื—"ื‘, ื™ื•"ื“ ืง) ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ.

ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“
ื’ื ืžืคื•ืกืงื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืจืื• ืขืฆืžื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืชื›ื ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื’ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ.
ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ืž (1980) ื‘ื›ืช ื”ืขืช 'ื”ื“ืจื•ื' (ืกื’, ืขืž' 251) ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ืžื’ื ืฆื, ืจื‘ ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื ื˜ ืœื•ืื™ืก ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื” ื—ืจืœ"ืค ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค. ื”ืจื‘ ืžื’ื ืฆื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื—ื“ "ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ื”", ืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ "ืฉืื ืœื ื ื’ื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื ืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ ืžื’ืคืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช, ื•ืืฃ ืขืจืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ืจ ื”ืจื”ืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ: "ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื“ืžื™ ืœื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื˜, ื‘, 'ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง - ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืฉืข ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช', ืฉืžื ื”ืจื”ืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื•... ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ื›ืฉืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžืŸ". ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืงืข, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืงื™ืขื•.
ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื’ื™ื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื˜ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื.

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