ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช

ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
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10 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืžืฉื ื›ื ืก ืื‘ ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืื™ืช ืœื™ื” ื“ื™ื ื ื‘ื”ื“ื™ [ื ื›ืจื™] ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื™ืฉืชืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื“ืจื™ืข ืžื–ืœื™ื” (ื˜ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ื).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืจื—ื™ืฆื”
ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื•. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืžืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ื˜ื–, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ืคื—) ืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื“ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฆืขืจ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื–), ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืขื ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืืฃ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื (ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—"ื‘ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื˜ื•).
ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื (ืฉื) ื“ื”ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืกื‘ืœื• ืจื‘ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื›ืŸ ืœื ืชืงื ื• ื›ืŸ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•: ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ ื•ื›ืœ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืืœื ืฉืœ ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืžื” (ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื™ื˜, ืื’ืจื•"ืž ืื”ืข"ื– ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคื“).
ืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื (56)
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘
48 - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ "ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช"
49 - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืขื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื
50 - ืงืจื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
 ืื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืก: ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืก ื•ืžื–ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื•ืœืœื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจ, (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ื™ืชืจื—ืฅ ืืœื ื™ืจื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืคืจื“) (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 5).
ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ: ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžื—ืžืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื–ืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 5).
ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš: ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืจื•ื—ืฆื• ืืฃ ื‘ื—ืžื™ื (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืชืฉืกื” ืขืžื•ื“ 146).
ืจื™ื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืžื” : ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืฉื ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืžื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืจื—ื™ืฆื” (ืคืกืงื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืข"ืค ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื“"ื” ืกื™ื›ื”).
ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืคื ื™ื• ื•ื™ื“ื™ื• : ืคื ื™ื• ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืฆ"ื“).
ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• : ื‘ื˜' ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžื™ื ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืกื™ื (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืคืกืงื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•"ื— ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื˜).
ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจืคื•ืื™ : ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ืืฃ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื•, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืื“ื ื—ืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืจื•ืคื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืคื—).
ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื: ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืจื—ืฆื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื”ื• [ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื] (ืฉื•"ืช ืงื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—"ื ืœื‘) ื•ื"ืฆ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื”ื’ืจื "ืง ืงืจื ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืค"ื’ ืก"ืง ื˜ื–), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืฉืจื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื”ื’ืจื "ืง ืฉื ืคืจืง ื’ ื”ืขืจื” ื˜ื–).
ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื‘ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจื—ืฆื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื , ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื, ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืจื—ืฆื, ื•ืื—"ื› ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืจื•ื—ืฅ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ืž), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ื›ื ืขืžื•ื“ 146).
ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื : ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ืืฃ ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืจืคื•ืื” (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืง ืฆ ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืคื“).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ
ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ : ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– [ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืกืคืจื“] ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ ืžืจ"ื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ื™). ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช : ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื”"ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื ื•).
ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืขื ื‘ืฉืจ : ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืืกื•ืจ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืกื’), ืืš ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืจื™ ื ืงื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ.
ื ืคืœื” ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ: ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืืกื•ืจ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืกื’).
ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ : ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืกื, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ื›"ื ืขืžื•ื“ 145).
ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ืขื•ืฃ : ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœื• ืขื ื‘ืฉืจ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืกื“, ืื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื—"ื’ ืคืจืง ื›ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื• ืข"ืค ืžื’"ื ืœืงืžืŸ). ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืžื’"ื ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื›ื—, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืฉื ืก"ืง ืกื˜).
ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ : ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืข ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื’ืœืื˜ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ื›ื ืขืžื•ื“ 145).
ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ : ืื ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ ื›ืฉืขื” ืื• ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื–ื” ืืฆืœื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื ื›ื ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœื•, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืื’ืจ"ืž ื—-ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื ืก"ืง ื“, ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืขืชื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงื ื‘ ืก"ืง ื‘).
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. (ืฉื).
ืฉื›ื— ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ื™ื™ืŸ : ืฉื›ื— ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš, ื™ื˜ืขื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ : ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืื™ื›ื ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช (ืคืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืžืข' ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืก' ื ืื•ืช ื“, ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื—"ื˜ ืก' ืงืœื).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ
"ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจ"ื—" (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื™), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืžื™ืฅ ืขื ื‘ื™ื : ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ืฅ ืขื ื‘ื™ื (ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืกื•, ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ื™ื’).
ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื’ื” : ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื‘ ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืžื— ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืืคื™ืช ืขื•ื’ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืฉืžื ื™ืฉื›ื— ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืขื™ืจื‘: ืื ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ: ืื™ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื”, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื”, ืžืกื•ืคืง ืื ืขื™ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื’ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื” (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ื›ื ืขืžื•ื“ 145).
ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” : ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืื• ืกื™ื•ื ืžืกื›ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื™ ื”ื’"ื”).
ืกื™ื•ื ืžืกื›ืช : ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ืžื™ื”ืจ ืื• ืื™ื—ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ื ืงืจื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกื›ืช ืืœื ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืฉื•"ืช ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—"ื‘ ืก, ื›ื’), ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืžืกื›ืช.
ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”: ืฉืจื™ ืจืง ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืจืขื•ืช (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื™ื’ ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก : ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื• ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ื•ืœื›ื‘ืก, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื•ื‘ืฉื• ืขืชื” ืืœื ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื˜' ื‘ืื‘, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ื—ืœื•ืง ืื—ื“, ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื‘ืจืž"ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืื ืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื›ื•' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื’).
ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ืžื•ืชืจ : ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืชื•ื ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก, ืืš ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ื—ืœื•ืง ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื• ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืœื‘).
ื—ื•ืœื” : ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ืงื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืชืขื ื•ื’ ืืœื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื’ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื˜), ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื” (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื™"ื).
ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื: ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื (ืชืงื ื ื™ื“) "ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืงื˜ื ื™ื", ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื : ื”ื’ืจื—"ืง ื‘ืฉื ื—ื–ื•"ื (ืงืจื ืืœื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืก"ื“ ื”ืขืจืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืื•ืช ื™ื–) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื“ืจื›ื ืœืœื›ืœืš (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืงื ื). ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 5 (ื”ื’ืจื "ืง ืงืจื ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืค"ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ื“), ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืืฃ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื—), ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžืชืœื›ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืื” ื•ื›ื“ื•' ืจืง ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•' ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืœื”ื, ืืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื• ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ (ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 6), ื•ืื ื ื’ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื• ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘.
ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื•: ืœื ื™ื›ื‘ืก ืืœื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกืคืง ืฉืžื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืฉืขืจื™ ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื“).
ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” : ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ (ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืคื’) ื›ืชื‘ "ื•ืž"ืž ืœื ื™ื›ื‘ืกื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื™ื›ื‘ืกื• ื‘ืฆื ืขื" ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื›ื‘ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื—ื“ (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืฉืขืจื™ ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื“).
ืชืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” : ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืงื˜ื ื™ื (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืชืฉืกื” ืขืžื•ื“ 147, ื”ื’ืจื "ืง ืงืจื ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคื“ ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ 147). ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ (ื”ื’ืจื "ืง ืงืจื ืืœื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืค"ื“ ื”ืขืจื” ื“).
ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืชื ืžื‘ื’ื“ ื ืงื™ : ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื (ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—"ื‘ ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืœื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื—"ื’ ืคืจืง ื›ื– ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื—).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื›ืชื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื— ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“, ื˜ื•).
ืœื›ื‘ืก ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœืื—ืจ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ : ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื‘ืก ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืจ"ื— ืื‘ ืขื“ ื™' ืื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื ืขื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ื ืจืื” ื›ืžืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื›ื), ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื™ื“ ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจ ืื• ื’ื•ื™ : ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื‘ืก ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื• ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ื•ืืฃ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ืจื™ ืืกื•ืจ, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื™ืขื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื’ ื‘ื”ื’"ื”), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืืข"ืค ืฉืืžื™ืจื” ืœืื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ืช"ื‘ (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื™ื–).

ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื™ืฉื”
ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื›ื”), ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื”ืฆื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื’).
ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื’ื•ืคื•: ื‘ื’ื“ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื–ื™ืขื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื (ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื—"ื“ ืก' ื™ื“), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืืœื• ืงื•ื“ื ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืขื”: ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉื ืขืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืœืคืชื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ืก"ืง ื™ื‘).

ืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช
ื—ืชืŸ ื•ื›ืœื” : ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื ืืกืจืช, ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื—ืชืŸ ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ.
ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” : ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ืก"ื˜).
ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืช: ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ื”ืœ ืœืกื ื“ืง ื•ืœื ืœืงื•ื•ืื˜ืจ (ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ื’ื ืœืงื•ื•ืื˜ืจ) (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื’,ื“, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืชืฉืก"ื” ืขืžื•ื“ 147).
ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช: ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืœืœื›ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš [ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ื™ืคื™ื] ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ื˜ื•, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืคืจืง ืกื˜ ื ).
ืชื ืื™ื : ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ ืช"ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš [ื•ื•ืืจื˜] ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื : ืฉืžื ื™ืงื“ื™ืžื ื• ืื—ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื•ืชืจ (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืž' 5).

ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื ื‘ื˜' ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื ืชื: ื™ืœื‘ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ืžืฉื•ืžืฉ ื•ื–ืžื ื• ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื” (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื”).
ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ: ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ื™ื“ืจื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืžืขื˜ ืื• ื™ื ื™ื— ืข"ื’ ืงืจืงืข ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืจื•ืฆืคืช (ื›ืจื ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืก' ืฉืคื˜).
ืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ : ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ". ืืš ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื›ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื ื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืฉื ืขื“ ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืœืื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกื™ื (ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ). ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื‘ื™ืฉืชืŸ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ื” ื“ื›ื”"ื’ ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฉื” ืื•"ื— ืขืžื•ื“ ืงื›).

ืงื ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืช"ื‘ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ืžื˜), ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช (ืชืงื ื ื• ื–).
ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืขืœื” ืื• ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื™ื).
ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื : ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงื˜ื ื™ื (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื”).
ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื: ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืืžื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช).
ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื : ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื ืขืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืช"ื‘ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื : ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืœืš ื™ื—ืฃ ื•ื‘ืคื•ื–ืžืงืื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืื’ืจื•"ืž ื—ืื•"ื— ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืค, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 7).
ืงื ื™ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ: ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ืœื ืืกืจื• ืืœื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืชืจ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืื•"ื— ื—"ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืค).
ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื: ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืฆื•ืฅ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืงื ื ืก"ืง ื›).
ืงื ื™ืช ื˜ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ : ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื˜ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื•ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื˜ืœื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ: ื˜ืœื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉืจื™ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื—ืื•"ื— ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืค).
ืงื ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“: ืงื ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื›"ื› ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ ื”ืขืจื” 26, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืชืฉืก"ื” ืขืžื•ื“ 148). ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื’ืจื—"ืง (ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงืจื ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืง ื“ ื™ื’ ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช) ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
ืชืคื™ืจื”: ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืงื ื ื• ื–).
ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“: ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื (ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงื ื ื˜) ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืฉื™ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืชืงื ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืŸ ืื• ืชืคื™ืจื” ืงืจืข, ื˜ืœืื™, ื›ืคืชื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื“, ื˜ื– ื“"ื” ื”).
ืกื™ืจื•ืง ืคืื” ื ื•ื›ืจื™ืช: ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืฉื˜ื™ืคื”, ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื™ื”ื•ืฅ (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืชืฉื "ื˜).
ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ื ืขืœื™ื: ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืž"ืž ืื ืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืฆื—ืฆื— ื‘ื˜' ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ ืฉืจื™ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื“ ื™ื–, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื’ืœืื˜ ืชืฉื ื˜ ืขืžื•ื“ 147).
ื”ื‘ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ื‘ืข: ื”ื‘ืจืฉืช ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื‘ืง ืžื•ืชืจ (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 6).
ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืจืฆืคื” : ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ืจืฆืคื•ืช ืืœื ื"ื› ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ืฉืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœืขืจื‘ ื—ืžืจื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจืง ื™ื“ โ€“ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื ืœ).
ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืจืฆืคื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช ืืš ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืจื™ (ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 11).
ื ืชื™ื ืช ืžืชื ื” : ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืฉื›ื ืก ืื‘ ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื• (ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ ืคืจืง ื– ื”ืขืจื” 162).
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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘

ืžืจื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"
ืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
ืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื

    ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 5

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืชื•ืš "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื”, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื
    57 ื“ืง'
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"
    36 ื“ืง'
    ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"

    ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื•ืข? ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• | ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื ื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช | ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื–ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืขืก | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”
    ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”

    ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”". ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืžื ื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื“, ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืจ ื ื‘ื•, ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื–' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–
    ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ

    ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ
    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉื "ื—
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™

    ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื-ื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื˜ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื“ืจืš ืคืกืงืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”
    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”

    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื’ืžืจื ื•ืœื—ื˜ื ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ | ื’' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    26 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?
    4 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il