ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืฆื‘ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื”
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืคืฆื” ืกื™ืกืžื” ื”ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื‘ื ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื‘ื ืžื ืฆื—". ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืกื™ืกืžื” ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื™ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื. ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ึพืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื• ืœื ืฆื—, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•. ื•ื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืžื”ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื•ืจื• ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืฆื—? ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ื‘ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืžืฆืžื™ื— ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช" ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืจื›ื– 'ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”', ื•ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื ืกื• ืžืืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืืžื•"ืจ, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจื˜.

ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื”. ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ืฉืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืื ืื›ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช (ืขืž' 82-81). ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืœ ื•ืจืฆื— ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™. ื’ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœื”: ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืฉืœื•ื (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•, ื), ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืจื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจ (ืฉื, ื–) ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ (ืฉื, ื—). ืœื›ืš ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื—ื ื” (ืฉื, ื™ื“-ื˜ื•), ืฉื‘ืื•ืช ืœืจืกืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืื“ื, ืฉืœื ืชืชืคืจืฅ ื’ื ื‘ืกืขืจืช ื”ืงืจื‘ (ืขืž' 118-116). ื‘ื›ืš ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืคืงื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื. ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžืžืฆื•ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉืื•ืชื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื‘, ื—): "ื•ื™ื™ืจื โ€“ ืฉืžื ื™ื™ื”ืจื’, ื•ื™ืฆืจ ืœื• โ€“ ืฉืžื ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื—ืจื™ื" (ืขืž' 104-102).
ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื—. ืœื›ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืงืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจื’ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•, ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ืง ื•ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื (ืขืž' 144-139). ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื "ืš, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื˜, ื–-ื˜): "ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืึพืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ื ื... ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ืงืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื... ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•, ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”". ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื• ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื›ื, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ืจืื•ื™, ื•ืื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื˜, ื™): "ืืจื•ืจ ืืคื ื›ื™ ืขื– ื•ืขื‘ืจืชื ื›ื™ ืงืฉืชื”" (ืขืž' 104).

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ 'ืžืœื—ืžื”' ื”ื•ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ (ืขืž' 73-71). ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื’ืจื”, ื—ื‘ืœื”, ืฉื•ื“ ืื• ืจืฆื—, ื•ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ืŸ: ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ืŸ 'ืจื•ื“ืฃ', ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ "ื™ื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ืืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ", ื“ื™ืŸ "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš" ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ืคืจื–. ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื›ืฉื ืฉื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ืื™ื–ื” ืื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืชืงื™ืคื” ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชืงืฃ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื ืคื’ืข. ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื "ื—ืคื” ืžืคืฉืข" ื•ืจืง ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืฉืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ืชืงืฃ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืจืง ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื ืฃ ืœืขื‘ืจื•. ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืชืงืฃ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœื™ื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืื• ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ, ืื ื”ื•ื "ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข" ืื• "ืžื—ืคื” ืขืœ ืคืฉืข". ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ื ื• (ืขืž' 105). ื›ืš ื’ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืฆืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืื—ืจ (ืขืž' 126-123).
ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื™ืจ ื”ืจื’ ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืื‘ื—ื ื”? ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ. ืื ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื’ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื“ืžื ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื•ื›ืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ืืกื•ืจื” (ืขืž' 106). ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื“ื—ื•ื™ื”" ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื”ื•ืชืจื”" (ืขืž' 95). ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืงืจื ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืขืžืœืง (ืขืž' 94). ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš (ืขืž' 107). ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื—"ื ืกื™' ืคื˜): "ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ืื‘ื™ ืขืจื‘ ืžืžืฉ, ืฉืจืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ื™ืœื—ื, ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืžื›ืœื™ื ื—"ื• ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืชื; ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืคื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืื™ื ื’ื ืข"ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช...". ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืืžืฆื™ื” ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื“ื•ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘' ื›ื”, ื™ื‘): "ื•ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื•ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืกืœืข, ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ื›ื•ื ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืกืœืข ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืงืขื•". ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืœื ืื™ื—ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื. ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื›ื” (ืคืชื™ื—ืชื, ื™ื“): "ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืžื” ืืœื• ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ? ื™ื’ืœื•. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• โ€“ ื’ืœื•...". ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžื” โ€“ ืืกื•ืจื”.

ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช
ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืœื ื›ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืืฉ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ 'ืจื•ื“ืฃ' ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื™ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืœื ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” (ืขืž' 154-152), ื•ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื ืฉืžื˜ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื• (ืขืž' 94). ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืจืฆื—. ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคืจื™ืงืช ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืกื›ื ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ (ื”ืขืžืง ืฉืืœื” ืกื™' ืงืžื‘) ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืš. ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื•ืœื ืืกืคืกื•ืฃ ื—ืžื•ืฉ (ืขืž' 170-167).
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื’ืข ื’ื ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื’ื–ืœ. ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›, ื™ื“). ื’ื ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื•ืœื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ืื•ืกืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ืžืฉืžืขืช, ื’ื–ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืื• ื’ื–ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืจืขื• (ืขืž' 163-160).

ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื
ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืคืœื™ืœื™, ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื" (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”, ื). ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื“ืื’ื” ืœืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื–ื” ื”ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ), ื™ืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื, ืฉืืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ. ืื•ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืžื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš? ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื•ืจืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื ืื™, ืื• ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ืขื” ืœืชื›ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืง.

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืจืง ืืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”, ืืœื ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ืืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืช ืึพืœื•ื”ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขืž' 27-15). ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ึพ76 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืชืงืคื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืกืœืื (ืขืž' 31-28), ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉึพื“ื™.
ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืืžืฅ ืืช ืงืจื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื›ื‘, ืœื—-ืžื˜): "ืืจื“ืคื” ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืืฉืžื™ื“ื ื•ืœื ืืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืชื... ื—ื™ ื”' ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฆื•ืจื™, ื•ื™ืจื•ื ืึพืœื•ื”ื™ ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฉืขื™. ื”ืึพืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื ืงืžื•ืช ืœื™... ืžืื™ืฉ ื—ืžืกื™ื ืชืฆื™ืœื ื™".

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื˜ืจืช ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ 'ื‘ืฉื‘ืข'
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il