ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ื™ืชืจื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื”
undefined
4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืจืคืืœ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™

ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื "ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš" "ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื"; ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจื”. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ืฉืžืขื ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืฉืืจ ืชืจื™"ื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืข"ื™ ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื•ืืžืฆืขื™, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•. ื—ื–"ืœ (ืžื›ื•ืช ื›ื’ ืข"ื‘) ืืฃ ืžืฆืื• ืœื–ื” ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื: "ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื•ื” ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื "ืชื•ืจื”" (611) ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืžืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.

ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืจืฉ. ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืื ืžืืžืจ "ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš" ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื• ืœื. ืกืคืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ "ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช" (ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกืž"ื’ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 764) ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืœื™ืœ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”"ื’: "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืŸ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืช' ืฉื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืžื ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื”. ืื‘ืœ [ืขืฆื] ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื™ืช' ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœื ื™ืžื ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ" (ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื• ืœ"ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช" ืœืจืžื‘"ื, ืž"ืข ื'). ื•ื’ื ืกืคืจ ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, "ืื•ืจ ื”'", ืœืจ' ื—ืกื“ืื™ ืงืจืฉืงืฉ (ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉื ืช 1412) ืกื‘ื•ืจ "ื˜ืขื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžื™ ืฉืžื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœ ื™ืช', ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ 'ืžืฆื•ื”' [ื—ื™ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืช ืž'] ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ 'ืžืฆื•ื”' [ืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืช ืฆ'] ื•ื›ื•'. [ื•ืขื•ื“] ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื ื‘ื”ื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ "ื”ืฆืขื”" ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจื•, ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืืžืจ ื). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืš? ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื ืข ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื›ื–ื” ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื“ื?

ื’ื ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืค' ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืคืจืฉื” ื•) ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•, ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื›ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืฉืื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื•, ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื•!' ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ 'ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš', ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื‘ืœืชื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื? ืืžืจื• ืœื•, ื›ืŸ. [ืืžืจ ืœื”ื] ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืงื‘ืœืชื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™, ืงื‘ืœื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื™" ืขื›"ืœ.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื [ื•ืœื“ืขืช "ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช" ื•"ืื•ืจ ื”'"] ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื•; ืืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื‘ืืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืืฉืจ ื’ื ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœื”) ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืชืจื™"ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช? ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืคืจืง ืœื–). ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื, ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ื—ืฉื• ืœื›ืš; ืฉืœื ื™ื ืกื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžื˜ ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "'ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš' ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื“ื ืœืืœื•ื”, ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื• ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•. [ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืคื” ื”' ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช]. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื” ื”ืื“ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืคืจื•ืง ืขื•ืœื• ืžื”ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขื ืœืคืจื•ืง ืขื•ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš' ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืื ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื™. [ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™] ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื ืชื›ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ืš ื—"ื•".

ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื–ื”, ื’ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืืช ืืœื”ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื’ื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื ื•ืกื—ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™, ืืœื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื. ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืื” ืœืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ื ืกื• ืœืคืจื•ืง ืขื•ืœ, ืขื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื›ืœืœ ืœืคืจื•ืง, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.

[ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื’ืจ: ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืœ "ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช" ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช? ืขื•ื ื” ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš" ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ืœื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืกืœ, ื•ืœื ืœืคืœื•ื— ืœื•. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืœื™ื "ืื ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš" ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช].

ืœื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืž"ืง ("ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืŸ", ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ืœ, ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื) ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื? "ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื ื•ืงืฃ ืืฆื‘ืขื• ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืœืžืขืœื” (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื– ืข"ื‘). ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ืžื” ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœืื“ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ื ื• 'ืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”?' (ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืข"ื). ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•? ืืœื ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• [ื”'] 'ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื›ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืชื›ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื›ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืฉื ื™ืช" ืขื›"ืœ.

ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ ื”' ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”' ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื• ืœืขื, ื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจื ื• ื ื˜ืžืขื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื’ืืœื ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”. ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ื: "ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ื• ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืข"ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื• ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื ื›ืœื” ื•ืœื ื ื›ื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืžื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžื” ื ืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืชืืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• [ืฉืœ ื”'] ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื›ืš ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ื ื• ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืžืจ 'ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”' ืœื ืฉื ื™ืชื™, ื•ืืชื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื ื›ืœื™ืชื' (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’, ื•). ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœืœื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืžืจื“ื ื• ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืžืจื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ืชื•. ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœื, ืœื•) 'ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื”': ืื ื™ืžื“ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื™ื—ืงืจื• ืžื•ืกื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื’ื ืื ื™ ืืžืืก ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•, ื ืื•ื ื”'" ("ืื’ืจืช ืชื™ืžืŸ", ืžื”ื“' ื”ื’ืจ"ื™ ืงืืคื—, ืขืž' ื›ื•).

"ืืฉืจื ื• ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื—ืœืงื ื•, ื•ืžื” ื ืขื™ื ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื•ืžื” ื™ืคื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืชื ื•".
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il