ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜
  • ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื˜"ื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ
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20 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจื—ืœ ื‘ืช ื™ืงื•ื˜

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืžื‘ื˜ื, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืืžืจ, ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืืžืจ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืžืจ. ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•.
ื‘ื‘ืงืชื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ืจื ื”' ื•ืฉืžื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื›ื™ื ื•ืจื™. ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ ืžืจื•ื“, ื•ืขืกืง ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืขืฅ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื—ื“, ืฉืฆืžื— ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืจื•. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืชื. ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื ืžืกืจ, ืฉืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
ื‘'ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช' ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืฅ ืžืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื˜' ื‘ืื‘. ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื‘ืช 'ื ื—ืžื•' ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขืฅ, ืงื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•'.
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืคืจื ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื— ืืช ื ื™ืกื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืขื ื™ ืžืจื•ื“. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ. ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืคืจืงืŸ, ืืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื”ืฉื™ืืŸ.
ื•ื”ื ื”, ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืื™ืจืข ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ืืกื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ - ื”ืขืฅ ืœื ื”ื ื™ื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช 'ื ื—ืžื•' ื™ืฆืื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ืืœ ื”ืขืฅ, ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•'. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” - ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ืืš ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ, ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘, ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืืœื• ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืฆืžื™ื— ื”ืขืฅ ืžืขื•ื“ื•. ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืจื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืžืจื• ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ - ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช.
ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื ืฉื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื• ื›ื”ืจื’ืœืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืฆืขืจ, ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืคืฉื˜ื” ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื”, ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื˜ืคื• ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื•. ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืžื•ื›ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื›ื•ืœื - ืฉื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜.
ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ื—ืจืคืช ืจืขื‘. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”. ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืœื”, ืืš ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื ื˜ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื™ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืืš ื›ืกืฃ ืจื‘ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืืกื•ืฃ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœืื™ืกื˜ื ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจืช ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื”. ื ื›ื ืก ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืžืฆื ืฉื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจื™ื—ืคื” ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื”, ื•ืื ื”ื ืกื™ืš ืœื ื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ื’ื•ืจืฉื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ืœืคืชืข, ื ื™ื’ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ืฉืืœื• - ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ?
- ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข? ื”ืชืคืœื ื ื™ืกื™ื.
- ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื— ืžืžืš ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืš, ื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”. ื ื™ื’ืฉ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืจื‘ ื•ืืžืจ: ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ืืฉืžื— ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜.
ื™ืฉ ืขืžืš ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืงืจื ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืง ืืช ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช , ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”' ืžืžืš ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื ื•. ื”ืกื›ืช ื•ืฉืžืข: ืืชืžื•ืœ, ื›ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืืช 'ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜', ื”ืชืขืžืงืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืื ื• ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ืงืœื™ืคืชื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื›ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืš - ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื”, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื•ื“ื™, ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ' ืœืจืฆื“ ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืžืžื ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื ื•. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, 'ืจืžื•ื ื™"ื' - ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืจ ืคื•ืืช ืž ืœืš ื• ื‘ื ื• ื  ื™ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืž ื”ืจื”. ื‘ื•ื ืขื™ืžื™, ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื, ื ืœืš ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื ืจืคื ืืช ื‘ื ื•.
ื—ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจ, ืจืฆื• ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš. ืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืคื ื™ืžื”, ื•ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ืืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื›ืžืช. ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืจืžื™ืœื•. ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื™, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืงื˜ืฃ ื›ืขืช ืžื”ืขืฅ. ื—ืฆื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืกื—ื˜ ืžืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”. ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืข ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ื•ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื ื™ืฉืง ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื, ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ื, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืœืจื•ื‘."ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจืชื™ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”", ืืžืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš, ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืฉื‘ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืงื™ื“ื ืขืฅ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉื‘ ืœืชืช ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื.

ืžืฉื—ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉ"ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช", ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• - ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื. ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื•, ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื˜ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜" ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืื• ืขื ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ืžืขื“ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื›ืžื ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืื“ืžืช ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ืืš ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื ื”ื’ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชืืžืจื• - ื›ืš ื™ืื”, ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืื ื• ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘"ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื—ื’ ืืช ืขื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขืชื ื• ื‘ื• ืขืฆื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื’ืœื” ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื’ ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืืœื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื - ืžื ื”ื’ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืจืืฉ. ื‘ืžืืžืจื ื• ื–ื” ื ื ืกื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’, ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ืžื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื“ื•ืจื™ื ื•.
ื”ื‘ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™[ืช] ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ืžื—ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื: ื‘ืจืฆื•ืชื• - ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื›ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื–ืžื ื™ื. ื—ืกืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื—ื’ ืžืื‘ื“ ื‘ื” ืืช ืฆื‘ื™ื•ื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ืจืฆื•ืชื• - ื™ื“ืงื“ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื™ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื—ื’ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืืš ื—ืกืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš __ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื™ืชืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืฉืŸ ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืงื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ", ื•ื›ืœ ื“ืจืฉืŸ ืžื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ื’ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ" 1 .
ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉื”ืžื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’, ื™ื ืกื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’, ืžืชื•ืš ืงื•ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืจื–ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื.
ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืงืคื™ืฅ - ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื—ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืžืฉื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืงืคื™ืฅ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืคืชื— ืื•ืชื•, ืืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืงืคื™ืฆื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”.
ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงื™ื ื”ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ื—ื’ ื•ื—ื’ ืื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•, ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•, ืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ (ื”ื”ืขืจื” - ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง). ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืฉื ืชื• ื ื“ื‘ืš ืื—ืจ ื ื“ื‘ืš ืขื“ ืฉื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื•. ืงื•ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื—ื•ืจื–ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ื‘ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืชื•ืจื ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืœื• ืœืื•ืชื ืงื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื™ื’ืœื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื•.
ื‘ืžืืžืจื ื• ื–ื” ื ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ืกื•ื“- ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื™, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื™ื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ื•ื—ื’ ื•ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื, ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื—ื“, ื•ืืช ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื”ื ืฉืงืฃ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืื™ื“ืš. ื›ืœืœื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ืขื•ืžืงื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”.

ื”ื”ืœื›ื”
ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืจ"ื” ื‘.) - "ืืจื‘ืขื” ืจืืฉื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื... ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื™ืจืงื•ืช, ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ื•". ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ืฉื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ.
ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ, ืขืจืœื” ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ 2 .
ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช - ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• "ืขืฉืจ ืชืขืฉืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื•ืืช ื–ืจืขืš ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ืฉื“ื” ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื”". ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื- ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉืจ ืžื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ- ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืžืขืฉืจ ืขื ื™ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืื™ืžืชื™ ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ 3 . ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฆืžื•ื— 4 ืงื•ื“ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืชืขืฉืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืชืขืฉืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
ืขืจืœื” ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ - ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืขืจืœื” ื•ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ืœืš ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืœืกื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื ื™ื˜ืข ื”ืขืฅ ืืœื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”- ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ืœื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ- ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ "ื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื”" (ืจ"ื” ื™ื“.), ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ "ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืจ"ื” ื, ื‘) ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ "ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”". ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ืจ"ื” ื™. ื“"ื” ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช) _ ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”- ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™. ืื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžื•ื—, ืžื›ื— ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืจ"ื” ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื— ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” 5 .
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื•ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคืช -
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืฉื' ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ื•ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”- ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ? ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, (ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ื’ื ื”ื˜"ื– ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื“, ื—, ื•ื”ืฉ"ืš ืจืฆ"ื“, ื™), ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื' ืชืฉืจื™, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”- ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืจ"ื” ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื”. ืขืฅ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขืจืœื”, ืœื ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ืืœื ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื” ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืื™ื ืžื›ื— ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™, ื•ื”ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ืœื›ืŸ (?), ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื›ื— ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืื™ื ื ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ.
ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืฉื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ืจ"ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ, ืืœื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื' ืชืฉืจื™, ื•ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”, ื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื, ื‘), ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœื, ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื ื–, ืงื›ื”), ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืžื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ - "ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ". ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื˜ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืจ"ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ื“ืš ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœ' ื— ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจืœื” ื•ืจื‘ืขื™ - ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจ"ื”, ___ ___ ืจืง ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืืกื•ืจื™ื) 6
ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื•- ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš.

ื”ืžื ื”ื’
ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื, ื”ืกืชื›ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืชื• ืœื. *ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืขืช ืฉืจื“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืืจืฆื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ,ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืจ ื‘ืขื˜ืจืช ื—ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ 7 .
ืžืฉื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืจืฆื, ื•ื ืชืคื–ืจื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ, ื”ืจื—ืง ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืจืง ืจื•ืฉื ืงืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“- ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืงืขื‘, ื’) ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงืœื, ื•), ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจื“ืฃ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื• ื•ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืฆืจื•ืช, ืคื•ื’ืจื•ืžื™ื ื•ืคืจืขื•ืช.
ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคืชืข, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžืื“ืžืชื, ื–ื•ื›ื” ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœืขื“ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช. ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ืžื ื”ื’ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื“ืคืก ืœืคื ื™ ื›-430 ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉืœื˜, ื•ื›ืš ืžืขื™ื“ ืจ' ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืกื•ืกืืŸ, ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฆืคืช, ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื" (ื“ืฃ ืžื“) - "ืฉื‘ื˜... ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ื•.. ืจ"ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช... ื•ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ __ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื". ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืœื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื˜ื–) ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื’ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืกืคืจื“, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื. ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื "ืกื“ืจ" ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก "ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ" (ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ "ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื") ื•ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘"ืกื“ืจ", ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื•ืคืจื™, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื–ื”ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืขื ื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ.
ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ื”ื•ืœืš ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืงื•ื ื” ืœื• ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ "ื—ื’" ืžืžืฉ, ืขื“ ืฉืขื ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฆื•, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช.
ื•ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืžื” ืื™ืจืข ืœืคื ื™ ื›-450 ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืœืคืชืข ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื–ื›ื” ืœืขื“ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื—ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ? ื”ืœื ืืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื, ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžืขืžื“ ื›ื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“?
ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ื”ื—ื’, ื“ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืžืจืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืจืž"ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ืชื˜') ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื ื”ื’, ื”ืœื›ื” ืื• ื—ื’ ืฉื ืชื—ื“ืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ืžืื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืื•ืจ. ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื—, ืฉื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉ"ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื", ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืกื— ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ืืจื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. (ื“ืจืš ื”' ืœืจืžื—"ืœ ื—ืœืง ื“' ืคืจืง ื–' ืื•ืช ื•').
ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื ื”ื’ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื“ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืžืจืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืจืž"ื, ืœื ื“ื•ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”, ืืœื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“.
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื ื‘ื ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”- ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ืืฉื›ื ื– ืžื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื“ ืžืื™ื“ืš. ื‘ืื•ืชื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืกื“ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื™ืฆืื” ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจื”, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืฉื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืœื“ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืขืœื™ื• ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื- ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื“, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ื• ื–ื›ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ___, ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช.
ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœ. ื”ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืœืชื”ื•ื ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžืงื•ื“ืžืชื”. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืžื’ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืจืคืช ื•ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืกื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ื ืชืœืฉืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ื•ื ืžืœื˜ืช ืœืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“, "ื ืฉื‘ืจ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ื•ืš ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื•" (ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“, ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ 207). ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”' ืืœืคื™ื ืจื ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, "ื™ืฆืื• ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”' ืžืืจืฅ ืกืคืจื“" (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ). ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื ืืช ืžืงืœ ื”ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื, "ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื” ืžื ื•ื— ืœื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—, ื˜). ื ื”ืจืกื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™, ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื, ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื ืžื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื ืจืื”, ืฉื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื ื”ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืจื“ืžืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืขื–ื”, ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืœ"ืงื•ืžื”" ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ื•ืืžืจื• "ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืื‘ื“ื” ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื ื’ื–ื ื• ืœื ื•... ืขื–ื‘ ื”' ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘" (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ- __ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ). ืคืกื” ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ื”, ื•ืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื ื‘ื—ืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—?
ื”ื™ืื•ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
ืื•ืœื, ืœื ื›ืš ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื- ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืคื™ื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื”ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืžืขืžื™ืง ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - "ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ืจื ื‘' ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”' ืืช ืจื•ื— ืžืœื›ื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืœื’ืจืฉ ืžืืจืฆื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื... ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื’).
(ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืจืžื–ื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืฉื ืช ืจื ื‘' ืœืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™. ืžืฆื™ื ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืืœืฃ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ื. ืื ื ื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืืœืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช ืชืง' ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช- ืจื . ื•ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช, ืžื—ื“ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื).
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืžื˜ืคื˜ืคื™ื ืื˜ ืื˜ ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืœืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื - ืžืจืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื‘, ื”ืจืœื‘"ื— ื•ืขื•ื“. ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืงืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฆืคืช. ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืื– ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื•, ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื•ืœื ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ. ื‘ืฆืคืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ืงืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืง ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” - ื“ืจืš ื”"ืคืจื™".
ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”?
ื”"ืคืจื™" ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช - ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื™ื•ื ืง ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžื™ืžื™ื”, ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืขื ืคื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ืœืžืื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืคืจื™" ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ืฉืืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช; ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื‘ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ (ื’, ื”) "ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข". ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ื•ื ื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื—.) ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื- ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช- ื”ืงืฅ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”- ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืืš ื–ื• ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื“ื- ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื• ืžื ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข, ืฉื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœืขืฅ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช.
ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉ___ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื“ืžื ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื - ืคืขื ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืš ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืขื˜. ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช- ื“ืจืš ื”"ืคืจื™". ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืืœ ื”"ืคืจื™"- ื”ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืื ื™ืจืื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื• ืืช "ื”ืคืจื™", "ื”ืคืจื™" ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ- ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ื•ื ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•.
"ืกื•ืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”", ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ื“ ื”ื.
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงืœื™ืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ- ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”'.
ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฆืคืช. ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืกืงื• ื”ื ื‘ืจื–ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืฉ"ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”" (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ืกื“). ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืžืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—. ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืžื ื™ืข ืื˜ ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช. "ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ" ื”ืคื•ืจืฅ ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš... ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืคืชื— ืคืชื—ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื" (ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ื ืฉื ืงื›ื“, ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื ื–).
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืœืš, ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื”. ืื ื•, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืื– ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ืืš ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื• ืื™ืชื” ืœื“ื•ืจื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ืžื ื”ื’ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ. ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื ืฉืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื” (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื—:). ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช- ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.

ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”
ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื- ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืงื™ืฅ. ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืจื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชืจื“ืžืช. ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื›ืช, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื“ืžืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื• ืžื›ื•ื ืกื™ื ื‘"ืžืื•ืจื•ืช", ื•ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืžื•ื ื. ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื- ื”ืขื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื”, ื•ืืคืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื. ื”ืื“ื ืžืกืชื’ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื—ืžื™ื, ื•ืขื’ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืžืœืื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช.
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืžืœืืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื ืœืื• ื™ืคืจืฆื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืขื ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื™ืชื›ืกื• ื‘ืžืจื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื”, ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ื˜ื• ืืช ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื. ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืจืกืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•- "ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื™ื“ื”" (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฆื—), ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื ื• ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืžืžืžืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื.
ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืžื”. ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”.
ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื‘ืชืจื“ืžื”, ืื•ืœื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืคืจืฆื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.
ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืื“ื ___ ื‘ืขืฅ ื”ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื›ืช, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขืฅ ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžืชืžืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื”- ืžื’ื™ืข ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื”ืขืฅ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื›ืช, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืชื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฅ ื ืฅ, ื™ื—ื ื•ื˜ ืคืจื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืชื›ืกื” ื‘ืžืจื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื™ื ื™ื‘ ืืช ืคืจื™ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื•ื”ืขืกื™ืกื™. ื–ื”ื• ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื—ื–"ืœ ืจืื• ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ "ื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื”" (ืจ"ื” ื™ื“.), "ื•ืขืœื” ื”ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืขืชื”" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื). ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ื–ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจืงื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“- ื“ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฆืคืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืขืžื•ืง, ื—ืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืจื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ื–ื”. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื•- ืื‘ื“ื ื•, ื ื’ื–ื ื• ืœื ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ื ืฉ"ืจื ื‘", ืฉื ืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื” "ืžื–ืจื”", "ืžื–ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืงื‘ืฆื ื•". ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื ื‘ืื” ืžื™ื“, ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข, ืื•ืœื ื”ื ืฅ, ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ื ื˜ ืžืขืชื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ - ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘
ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉืœ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ (ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ื•ืื‘, ืžืืžืจ ื“' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’), ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ืœื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื”' ื‘ืืœื•ืœ. ืœืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื‘.) ืฉืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ืœื“ ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ื‘ืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืœืคืœื•ื ื™. ื›ื”' ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™- ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื- ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ื”' ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืคื›"ื˜, ื). ืื ื›ืš, __ __ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘- ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ___ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื•, .. ืžืชืื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื- "ื”ืคืจื™".
ืื•ืœื, ื›ื”' ืืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ืจ"ื” ื™:) ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข- ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ื”' ื‘ืื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ. ืœืคื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ืžืง ื ื•ืกืฃ - ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ืจ"ื” ื›ื–. ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“"ื” "ื›ืžืืŸ", ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงืฆื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”') ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช- ื’ื ื›ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ื’ื ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉ"ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ืขื“ ื ื™ืกืŸ". ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื  ื•ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”. ืชืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื ื™ืกืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” "ืžืชืขื‘ืจืช", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื™ื ื™ืงืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” "ืœื”ื™ื•ืœื“" ื‘ืงื™ืฅ. ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื›ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื”, ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื - ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื", ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ. ืื ื›ืš, ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”- ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืฉื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื›ื:) ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• "ืชืฉืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื”", ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืืฉ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื™ืข. ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชืงืฆืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื (ืฉื) ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ื›ื— ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ 8 .
ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื•ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืฆื‘ื™ื•ื ื ืœืคื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื•. ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืงืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื›ื), ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืชื ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืœืžืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืฉื‘ ื”' ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืคื” ืืœ ืคื” ืขื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื•, ืฉืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื˜ืจื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ "ื”ื ื” ื—ื’ ื”' ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืžื”" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื, ื™ื˜), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื’ ืฉื ื—ื•ื’ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ืืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื™ืจื“ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ืžืžืขืžื“ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ื’ ืžืžืฉ. ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ืคื•ืจืฅ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืื™ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘, ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืงืจืืช ืชืฉืจื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืขืช ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื ื™ืกืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžืชืžืžืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื ื•ืœื“ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”.

ื”ืคื” - ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ:
ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ืžื—ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”' ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืชื• ื—ื’. ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื•- ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจ, ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
ืžื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ- ืงืจื™ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื”- ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—- ืคื” ืกื—, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืคื”- ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื” 9 , ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื- "ืกื“ืจ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜", ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืืœ ืžืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืคืกื—. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืฉืชืœืฉืœื™ื ืžื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—.
ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืืช ื‘ื•ื ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— 10 . ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ?
ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ - ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื–) ืฉืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืคืฉ ื—ื™ื”"- "ืœืจื•ื— ืžืžืœืœื", ืœืžื“ืš ืฉืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
ื•ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืœื ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ (ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' ืคืจืง ื›ื—') ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก. ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืœืื›ื™ื. ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืฉืžื™. ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืื“ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ- ืจื•ื— ื•ื’ืฉื, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืจืื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื”, ื•ืืœื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ- ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืงื™ืฅ ืœื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื—, ื•ืื– ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืขืฉื‘ื™ื, ืฉืื– ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื ื›ืœืœืช ื•ื ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื•" (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฆื—).
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื”, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืžืชืื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื - ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื’ื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืจืื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื›ื˜ืขื ื•ื›ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ (ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื™ื—, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช- ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื ื•-ืกื“). ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืฉื ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืคื•ื’ืฉื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ื’ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื” - ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื.

ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ...
ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืขืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื - ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื - ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื. ืœืื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื•, ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ืคืจื ืกื” ืœืœื ืžืืžืฅ, ืืš ื–ื• ืคืจื ืกื” ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง. ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืฉื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ื”ื - ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื’ืืœื™ื (ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™) ืœืœื ืžืืžืฅ. ื”' ื’ื•ืืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืœ ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืืœื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” - ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืขื•ื“.
ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื ืœืœื ืžืืžืฅ, ืฉืกื•ืคื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื•. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ืจื‘ ื‘'ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฅ - ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื—'), ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื•ืคื” - ืฉื™ืื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ืื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืžื—ื” - ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื• - ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘. ืื•ืœื, ื›ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘'ืฉื™ื' ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• - ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”'ืฉื™ื' ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืจื‘ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื.
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”'ืฉืคืข' - ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ 'ืฉื‘ืช ื ื—ืžื•' - ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘. ืืš 'ืฉืคืข' ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืžื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”'ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ืช' ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœ- 'ืฉื™ืืŸ'- ืคื™ืจืงืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืขืฅ ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ ื’ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•.
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœื•ื, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ. ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื”'ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื' - ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื•ื“.
ืžื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”,ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ(ืจ"ื” ืœื ืข"ื‘), ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืชื›ื—ื” ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืจืฆืช ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืคื•ืจืฆืช ืžืžืขืžืงื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืฉืื” ืื•ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“.
ื’ื ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื•ืงื— ืขืžื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืš ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืคื•ืจืฆืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžืžืฆื” ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš, ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื. ื›ืขืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืœืขืฅ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื‘ ืœืชืช ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ - ืœื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”, (ืฉืžืžื ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืืœ - ืจ"ื” ืฉื, ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื ืฉื™ื), ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืคื” (- ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ) ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฆืขืจ ื•ื”ืกื‘ืœ. ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.


^ 1 ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” [ืื™] ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœื•ื. ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื–ื• .. ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืฉืŸ. ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
^ 2 ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื ืœืฉืžื™ื˜ื”
^ 3 ืจ"ื” ื™ื“., ืจืฉ"ื™ ืจ"ื” ื‘. ื“"ื” "ืœืื™ืœืŸ"
^ 4 ืจ"ื” ื™ื‘: ืชื•ื“"ื” ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื”, ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื— ืคืจืง ื ื’, ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
^ 5 ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืœืคื™ __ ืชื™.' ืจ"ื” ื™ื“. ื“"ื” "ื‘ืื—ื“". ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืจืง ื”ื˜ืขื - ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืื•ืฉืขื™ื- ืจ' ืื™ืœื ืืžืจ- ื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื”, ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื—ืœืง - "ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”". ืื ื• ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื›ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื™ื“. ื“"ื” "ื”ื•ืื™ืœ" ื”ืงืฉื” ืข"ื›, ืฉืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ื‘ืืžืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืจ"ื” ื™ื“. ื“"ื” "ื”ื•ืื™ืœ" ื‘ื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืื—ืจืช- ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื–ื”ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื• ื–ืืช ื›ื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
^ 6 ืจืฉ"ื™ ืจ"ื” ื™. ื“"ื” "ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช" ืชื™ืจืฅ ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช- ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื” ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื' ืชืฉืจื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืฅ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜. ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•- ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœืŸ.
^ 7 ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื”ื’ื ื™ื–ื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืจื™ืช ื ื“ืคืกื• ืข"ื™ ืž. ื–ื•ืœืื™ ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• "ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™" ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืขืชื™ืงื•ืชื™ื”, ืกืคืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืœ"ื– ืขืž' 138-144.
^ 8 ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื“, ื“, ื˜ื•' ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืข ืขืฅ, ื•ื‘ืจ"ื” ืชื™ืžืœื ืœื• ืฉื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื˜ื•' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื˜ื–' ื‘ืื‘ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืข, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘"ื™ ืชื ื™ื ื ืื•"ื— ืคื“.)
^ 9 ืžืื– ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฆื”, ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”.
^ 10 ื•ื‘ืชื•ื•ืš- ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื˜ืขื. ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ- ืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื˜ืขื - ืื›ื™ืœืช ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”.)
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il