ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”
  • ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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1344
15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื‘ึผึฐืœึถื›ึฐืชึธื”ึผ, ืžึดืžึผึทืขึฐืœึธื” ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึทื˜ึผึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืœึธื” ื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ื–ื•ึน ืžึฐื›ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืžึฐื›ึปื•ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึทืฆึผึธื‘ึธื”ึผ, ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืงึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฅ ืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืฆึผึธื‘ ื’ึตื™ืื•ึนื’ึฐืจึธืคึดื™, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื. ื”ึดื™ื ืžึธืฆึฐืึธื” ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืึตื™ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืžึทื›ึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึดื™ื ื—ึธืžึฐืจึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื”ึดืกึฐืคึผึดื™ืงื•ึผ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ื—ึนืžึถืจ ืจึธืคึถื” ืœึฐืคึธื—ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืชึทื›ึฐืกึดื™ืก ืขึฒืžึธืžึดื™, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉืึฐืคึผึธืขึธืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื ึปืคึผึฐื—ึธื” ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืช ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื’ึผึนืœึถื. ื”ึทื—ึตืคึถืฅ, ื”ึทืžึผึถืจึถืฅ, ื”ึธืึธืžึผึธื ื•ึผืช, ื”ึทื“ึผึดืžึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึตื›ึถืœ, ืฆึธืจึฐื›ึตื™-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึฐื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ ื”ึดืชึฐืœึทื›ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท-ื•ึผื’ึฐื•ึดื™ึผึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืงึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ื ื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื™ึดืŸ ืคึผึฐืงื•ึผื—ึธื” ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืจื•ึนืึดื™ื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงื•ึนืช ื”ึทื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืขื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ืกึดื“ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธืชึธื ื•ึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื”ึถื - ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ื ึดืžึฐื–ึธื’ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืœึธืœื•ึนืช ืžึตื”ึทื”ึถื›ึฐืฉืึตืจ ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึดื–ึผื•ึผื’ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ ืขึดื ื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช. ืึธืžึฐื ึธื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืจึฐื“ึธื” ื”ึธืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ึธื” ืœึธืจึถืฉืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึฒื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืึทืžึผึฐืฆึธื”, ื•ึทืชึดืงึผึฐื ึตื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ื•ึทื—ึฒื˜ึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช, ื•ึฐืœึดืคึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื’ึผึทื ืชึผึฐื ึทืกึผึถื” ื›ึผึนื—ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืชึตืง ืžึดืฉึผืึนืจึถืฉื ื—ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ึดื™, ืžึดืชึผึนื›ึถืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื”ึทื”ึดื™ืกึฐืชึผื•ึนืจึฐื™ึธื” ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืช ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐืื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึดืกึผึธื™ื•ึนืŸ ื–ึถื” ืžึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืœึธืฆึตืืช ืœึทืคึผึนืขึทืœ, ื•ึฐืจื•ึนืึดื™ื ืึธื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐื›ื•ึผื ึธื” ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธื, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ืฉืึดืคึฐืœื•ึผืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฆื•ึผืจึทืช ื ึฐืงึปื“ึผึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ื–ึฐืขึดื™ืจึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึตื”ึธื”, ืฉืึถื’ึผึทื ืึธื– ื”ึดื™ื ืจึทืง "ืžึดืชึฐืขึทืœึผึถืคึถืช, ืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื˜ึผึถืœึถืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึตืชึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึธื•ึฐืขึธื”", - ื”ึดื™ื ื ื•ึนืชึถื ึถืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธืฆึฐืžึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึฐื—ึดื™ืคื•ึนืช-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื.
 ื›ืขืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ืœืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช, ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืื’ื“ ื™ื—ื“. ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ืื“ื. ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืžื”, ื‘ืขืœืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืคื™, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉืช?
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื”:
ื›ื™ื ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช.

ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (39)
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'
2 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
3 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
4 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ื™
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
 ื‘ึผึฐืœึถื›ึฐืชึธื”ึผ, - ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ - ืžึดืžึผึทืขึฐืœึธื” ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึทื˜ึผึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื•ืžื–ื™ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ืงื•ื ื” ืœื” ืžืขืžื“ ืžืžืฉื™-ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืœึธื” ื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ื–ื•ึน ืžึฐื›ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, - ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ' ืžึฐื›ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ' ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ื™ื•ื 'ืžื›ื ื™ื–ื ืœืื•ืžื™', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื ื”: ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ื’ื”, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืืจืฆื™ืช ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืงืจื 'ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช'. ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื’ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.

ืžึฐื›ึปื•ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึทืฆึผึธื‘ึธื”ึผ, ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืงึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฅ ืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืฆึผึธื‘ ื’ึตื™ืื•ึนื’ึฐืจึธืคึดื™, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื.
ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืื–ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืชืขื ื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขื‘ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• - ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” - ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืจืžืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื (ืืžื ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช) ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืขื ืžื‘ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืžื ื ื’ื ืฉื ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜, ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื.
ืžืฆื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื–ื™ืžื ื” ืœื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื™ ืขืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื”ื›ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.

ื”ึดื™ื - ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™,
ืžึธืฆึฐืึธื” ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืึตื™ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืžึทื›ึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึดื™ื ื—ึธืžึฐืจึดื™ึผึดื™ื, - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฆืื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื—ืžืฆืช, ืื™ื–ื” ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื,
ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื”ึดืกึฐืคึผึดื™ืงื•ึผ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ื—ึนืžึถืจ ืจึธืคึถื” ืœึฐืคึธื—ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืชึทื›ึฐืกึดื™ืก ืขึฒืžึธืžึดื™, -
'ืขืžืžื™' - ืœื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ืคืฉื˜ื ื™' ืืœื ืฉืœ 'ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™-ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™', ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื• ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
ื•ืื ืฉื, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืคื”, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“, ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžื˜ืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™.
ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉืึฐืคึผึธืขึธืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื ึปืคึผึฐื—ึธื” ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืช ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื’ึผึนืœึถื. - ื’ื•ืœื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื - ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื ืฉืžื”. ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœื•ืช, ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”.
ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ืช ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ. ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืชื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขืช ืขืžื“ื” ืขืจื›ื™ืช-ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ - ืื– ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื•ืชื™ืžื ืข ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช. ื•ืื ืœื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœื”, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ื ื›ืžื”ืคื›ื”, ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ืžืœืื™ื.

ื”ึทื—ึตืคึถืฅ, ื”ึทืžึผึถืจึถืฅ, ื”ึธืึธืžึผึธื ื•ึผืช, ื”ึทื“ึผึดืžึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึตื›ึถืœ, ืฆึธืจึฐื›ึตื™-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึฐื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ ื”ึดืชึฐืœึทื›ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท-ื•ึผื’ึฐื•ึดื™ึผึธื”.
 ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื›ืกื™ืก ืขืžืžื™, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืื•ืชื ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืื“ื,
ื”ึดืชึฐืœึทื›ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท-ื•ึผื’ึฐื•ึดื™ึผึธื”. - ื ืงืฉืจื• ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื ืฉืžื”-ื’ื•ืฃ.

ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘:
ื”ึทื—ึตืคึถืฅ - ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื–ื”ื• ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื 'ื—ืคืฆื™ื'.
ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืžืื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืžืžืฉ ืœื›ื“ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ื’ืฉืžื™. ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™, ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. "ื”' ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืฆึดื“ึฐืงื•ึน" 1 , ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื-ืœื”ื™ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืžืžืฉ. ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืืžืจ - ื•ื™ื”ื™', ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฉืชืœืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื•ืช. ืขืฆื ื”ืงื™ื•ื. ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืคืฅ.

ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ - ื”ึทืžึผึถืจึถืฅ - ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืจืฅ, ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืชืจื’ื•ื ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ืœื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืคืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืงื“ืช ืจืง ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืžืฉื•ืช, ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™, ื•ื”ืžืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืื•ื’ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื—ืคืฆื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

 ื”ึธืึธืžึผึธื ื•ึผืช - ื›ืืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื•ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื”, ืึปืžื ื•ืช, ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืึณืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ืชืืžื” ื•ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืืœื ืชื™ืื•ื, ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืืจื™ื ืœื-ืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” 'ื“ึตืžึฐื™ื•ึผืจื’ื•ึนืก' ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ื‘ื•ื ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืึปืžืŸ ืื• ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก.
ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืจืฅ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืืžืช.

ื”ึทื“ึผึดืžึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึตื›ึถืœ - ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืœื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืื. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื.
ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื›ืืŸ ืื•ืคืง ื”ืฉืื™ืคื”.

ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึตื›ึถืœ - ื”ื‘ื ืช ืขื•ืžืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ืžืืžืฅ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืืžืช. ื–ืืช ืงื•ืžื” ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™.

 ืฆึธืจึฐื›ึตื™-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึฐื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ - ืฉื”ื ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืœื“. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืชื ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•, ื›ืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืฉื ื•ืœื“ - ื™ืฉ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื•, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™-ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘"ืจื•ื—" ืžืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—.
ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• - ื”ึดืชึฐืœึทื›ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท-ื•ึผื’ึฐื•ึดื™ึผึธื”.
 ื’ื•ื™ื” - ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืจื•ื— - ื–ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” - ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืงึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ื ื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื™ึดืŸ ืคึผึฐืงื•ึผื—ึธื” ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืจื•ึนืึดื™ื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงื•ึนืช ื”ึทื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืขื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ืกึดื“ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธืชึธื ื•ึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื”ึถื - (ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื) ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ื ึดืžึฐื–ึธื’ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืœึธืœื•ึนืช -
ืื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื›ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ืœื›ืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื›ื–ื”, ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉืœื”: ืžืื‘ืงื™ื, ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืฉืœื•ืช-ืžืœื›ื™ื, ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืžื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืขื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื”? ืžืื™ื–ื” ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ื˜ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื”?

ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื”, ื”ืžืคืชื—ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื”.
ืžึตื”ึทื”ึถื›ึฐืฉืึตืจ ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึดื–ึผื•ึผื’ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ ืขึดื ื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืื™ืš ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืžื–ื’ ื•ื”ื•ืจื›ื‘, ืขื ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืื™ืš ื ืชื ื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืฉืคื˜, ื“ืช ื•ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื™ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืœื›ื“ื”? ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืฉืœ ืคืืจ, ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช? ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.

ืึธืžึฐื ึธื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืจึฐื“ึธื” ื”ึธืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ึธื” ืœึธืจึถืฉืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ - ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
ื”ึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึฒื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืึทืžึผึฐืฆึธื”, - ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืžื™ืฆื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื”,
ื•ึทืชึดืงึผึฐื ึตื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ื•ึทื—ึฒื˜ึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช, - ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš. ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื™ ื•ืงื•ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื. ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืฉืื•ืชื ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื - ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจืคื”, ืชื›ืกื™ืก ืขืžืžื™ - ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื“ื“ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื’ื“ืœ, ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ, ื ื›ื‘ืฉ, ืงื•ืœื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื ื˜ืžืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืžื™ื ื–ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืฉืคืชื• ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืœื•.
ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื”. ืจืง ื›ืฉืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช, ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช. ื•ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืคืชื— ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•, ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื• ืื•ืžื”. ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื (ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉืœื•) ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื“ื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ื•ืกื•ื—ืฃ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“.
ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉืื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื“ ืขืชื”? ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜. ืžื•ืฉืื™ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, 'ืืœื”ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื'. ืื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื• ืืช ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ, ืื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื• ืืช ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื™ื. ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ื”ื”, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืชืœื•ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื—ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช - ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื ืื™ ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคื”. ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื—ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘, ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื– ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” (ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช). ื•ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉืช ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืืจืฅ, ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช, ื•ืงื•ื ื” ืœื” ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ื•ึทื—ึฒื˜ึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช , ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืงื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื•ึฐืœึดืคึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื’ึผึทื ืชึผึฐื ึทืกึผึถื” ื›ึผึนื—ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืชึตืง ืžึดืฉึผืึนืจึถืฉื ื—ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ึดื™, ืžึดืชึผึนื›ึถืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™. ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”.
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ืžืื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื—ืคื•ืช. ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื’ื“ื™ื, ืืจืฅ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื—. ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ?
ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื“ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœื™ื”. ื”ืื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื“ืช. ื–ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš.
ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื–ืจื”. ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ื˜ืžื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช. ื”ืื“ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื”.
ืืžื ื, ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœืขืจื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืื•ืžื” ืื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื” ืœื ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืงื‘ืœ ืขื ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื-ืœื”ื•ืช. ืœืžืขื˜ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืฉื™ื–ื 2 ื•ื”ื ืืฆื™ื–ื 3 ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงืช ืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื ื”ืขืจืฆื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืœื›ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจ ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื ืžืจื•ื“, 4 ื“ืจืš ืคืจืขื” 5 ื•ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ 6 ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืกืจื™ ืจื•ืžื™.

ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช - ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืชื ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื—ื–ืง ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช. ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ืช ื•ืœืกื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืœืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืจืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืœื” ืžืงื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ืฉื–ื• ืคื™ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื™ื ืช ืžืขืฉื ื™ื ื•ืคื™ื ื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ืื• ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”, ื›ืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืคื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื•. ื”ืจืฆืœ 7 ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ืกื— ืžื’ืžื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื'. ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื. ื”ืฆื‘ื ืื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฆื‘ื, ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื ืจืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื. 8
ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืขื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื™ืจื“ื” ืงืจื ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ื”ืขืœื• ื‘ืืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื, ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื• ื‘ื›ืš ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืคืืจืช ืœืื•ืžื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื™ืชืจ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืœื“ืช ืขืฆืžื”. ืœืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืœืš ื›ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืคืืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจ? ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”"ืฆื“ื™ืง" ื”ื–ื”? ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืคืืจืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ืข ืžืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื“ืฉ.
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœื“ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืงื” ื’ืกื” ืฉืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช.

ืื•ืžื” ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช. ืื•ืžื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™, ืื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ื’ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื - ืื– ืงืžื” ืื•ืžื”. ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืื“ื ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžื•ึผื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืชืจืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืžืกื›ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื™ืขื“ื™-ืขืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ื›ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœืื•ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืœื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืชื ืกื” ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืง ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืžื”: ืจืืฉื™ืช ืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืžืชื›ืœื”. ืžืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™-ื”ื”ื™ื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื• ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ึผืช, ืฉืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช. ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ื—, ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืชื›ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื•ืžื•.
ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœื, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ื“ื ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื. ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืงืช ืขื™ืกืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื” ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื ื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืจืง ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช. ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืจืงืžืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื˜, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœืชืจื•ื. ืื– ื”ื•ืคืš ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœืขื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ, ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืกื“ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืฉืขื™ืžื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื‘ืžื’ืข.
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืฉืจ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœื”. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืฉื‘ื• ืžื‘ืจืจ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœื•. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืง ื˜ืงืก ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืžืก ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื. ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื›ื—ื˜ื•ื˜ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžืžื ื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช, ื”ืขืจื›ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช. ื•ืื– ืขื•ืœื” ืขืจืš ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ืžื–ื“ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ื“ื“ ื•ืžืชืื’ื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืงื•ืจืกืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ืžืงื•ืจื”. ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ ืื ืžืชื’ื•ื ื ืช, ื•ืงื•ืจืกืช, ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก - ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื“ื˜ืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™. ื”ืื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช? ื”ืื ื”ืงืžื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื™ื? ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืชื ืื™ ื™ื™ืฉื‘ืจ ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงืกืžื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉืชื ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“? ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืจื™ืข. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืŸ - ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”. ื–ื”ื• "ื”ืžื–ืœ" - ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื 9 , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื”ื›ืจื—. ื”ืื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื–ืข ืื—ืจ? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื˜ื‘ืข ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื•ื ื”?
ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื• ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ - ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื—ืจ. ืœื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื—. ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืชื”.

ืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ. ืœืฉื ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช? ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืื—ืช, ืขืœ ืจืฆืฃ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืžืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืžืกืžืŸ ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
ืืชื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืื“ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืื“ื 10 . ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”"ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ื—ืคืฅ ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืื—ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืชื”ืคืš ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”"ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœื™: 'ื”ื•ื•ื™ืฆืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”', 'ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”'. ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื”"ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ืœืœื ื”"ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” - ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. 11
ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื“ื ื•ืžื‘ืกืก ืขื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืืœ-ื”ื™ ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ืžื” ืžืกืงื ื•ืช. ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ืื—ืจ, ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืขืฆื ื‘ืจื™ืืชื•, ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืข, ืฉื•ืงืœ ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ ืื—ืจืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจ. ืฉื ื™ืช: ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืกืก ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช: ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืจืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื”ื, ืฉืœื ืžืช 12 . ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ. ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชื™ื 13 . ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™. ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.

 ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื”ึทื”ึดื™ืกึฐืชึผื•ึนืจึฐื™ึธื” ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืช ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐืื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึดืกึผึธื™ื•ึนืŸ ื–ึถื” ืžึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืœึธืฆึตืืช ืœึทืคึผึนืขึทืœ,
 ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืืžื•ื ื”,
ื•ึฐืจื•ึนืึดื™ื ืึธื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐื›ื•ึผื ึธื” ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธื, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ืฉืึดืคึฐืœื•ึผืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฆื•ึผืจึทืช ื ึฐืงึปื“ึผึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ื–ึฐืขึดื™ืจึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึตื”ึธื”, ืฉืึถื’ึผึทื ืึธื– ื”ึดื™ื ืจึทืง "ืžึดืชึฐืขึทืœึผึถืคึถืช, ืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื˜ึผึถืœึถืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึตืชึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึธื•ึฐืขึธื”", - ื”ึดื™ื ื ื•ึนืชึถื ึถืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธืฆึฐืžึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึฐื—ึดื™ืคื•ึนืช- ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื.
 ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžืง ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช. ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” - ืœืžื”ืคื›ื”. ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื•ื•ืœื˜ืื–' ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื”ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ืœืงื• ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืžืกืคืง ืœื”ื ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื—ืงืช ื”ื“ืช - ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืื“ื. ื ื“ืžื” ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืงื• ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช. ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื—ืคืช.
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืกื“ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ืžื‘ืฆื‘ืฅ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื ื•ื— ืœื” ืœืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืช ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื”. ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจืžื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข-ืขืฉืจื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื—ื“-ื”ืขื 14 ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื•ื’ื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืื•ืคื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื›ื–ืืช ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืื—ื“-ื”ืขื ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ื•ืืฃ ืจืฆื” ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช.

ืื•ืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื”ื“ืช ื ื“ื—ืงืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืจ ืœืขืฆืžื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™, ื”ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”, ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื–ืจืžื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื ืก ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืืช ืžืฆื•ืงืชื• ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื•. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžืฉื ืชืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื— - ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคืง. ื ืžืฆื ืœื“ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื•, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืœื™. ื”ื“ืช ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืœื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื• ื•ืœืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.
ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ืœื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื?
ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืกื“ืง ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ื—ื‘ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ - ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชืืžืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืš ืชืชื—ื–ืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช.

ื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก 15 ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช - 'ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœ' ื•'ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื'. ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ืžืฆืื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื”ืชื‘ืฆืจื” ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจ-ื ืคืฅ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœื ื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ื•ื”ื’ืื” (ืฉื ืจืืชื” ืื– ืžืื“ ืžืžืฉื™ืช). ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžืฆื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืขืฆืžื” ืœืืœื™ืœื•ืช.
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš. ืฉืžื• ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช 'natio' ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• 'ืื•ืžื”' (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Nation). ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื”ืจืจ, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”: ืœื ื“ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืœื ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืจืก. 16

ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื ื“ื—ืงืช ืžืื“, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”-ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื•ื›ื”ื” ื”ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ - ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื•ืžื•ืฆืืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ืฉืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื“ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช ืžืื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ืžืจื™ื”, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ืชืื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืžืจื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช ื•ืœื ืชืกื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื”. ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื• ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืžื™ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืกืจ ืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจ ืื•ืคื™.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืžื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืจื•ื—ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื - ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฆื ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื• ืืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.

^ 1. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื‘, ื›ื.
^ 2. ืคืฉื™ื–ื. ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”'ืชืจืค"ื‘-ื”'ืชืฉ"ื” (1945-1922). ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžื›ื— 'ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™' ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื›ื— ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื. ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืขื ื•ืœืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืกืžืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™.
^ 3. ื ืืฆื™ื–ื. ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ื•ื ืœ-ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”'ืชืจืฆ"ื’-ื”'ืชืฉ"ื” (1945-1933). ืžืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”: ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ื›ืžื‘ื˜ื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื, ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
^ 4. ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื, ื›ื—: "ื ืžืจื•ื“ ืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื•ื” ื•ืงื‘ืข ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื”".
^ 5. ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื˜, ื’: "ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื”ึทืชึผึทื ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึธืจึนื‘ึตืฅ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื™ึฐืึนืจึธื™ื•, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึดื™ ื™ึฐืึนืจึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื ึดื™".
^ 6. ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ืืจื ื˜: "ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขืฉื• ืขืฆืžื ืืœื”ื•ืช... ื•ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ".
^ 7. ื“"ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ืื‘ ื”ืจืฆืœ, ื”'ืชืจ"ื›-ื”'ืชืจืก"ื“ (1904-1860). "ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”", ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžื™ืกื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
^ 8. ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืชืจื’ื ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ืž' ื™ื•ืืœื™, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ืจืืœ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงืฉืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื•: "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”? ืœื! ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืœื›ื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื“ืข ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื. ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™-ื”ื“ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืืฉ. ืื ื• ื ื“ืข ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืฉื ืฉื ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ืฆื‘ื-ื”ืงื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื. ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ื‘ื“ื• ืžืื“, ื›ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื - ืคืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืœื™ื” ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ".
ื•ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื—ื™ืืกืฃ, ื•ืจืฉื”, ืชืจืค"ื‘, 1922: "ื”ืื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื›ื”ื ื™ ื“ืชื ื• ืœืžืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•? ืœื! ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืืžื ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืื—ื“ ืื•ืชื ื•; ืื•ืœื ื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืคืจ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืžืฉื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื ื“ืข ืœื›ืœื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ื-ืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืข ืœืืฆื•ืจ ื’ื ื—ื™ืœ ืฆื‘ืื ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืช. ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื›ื”ื ื™ ื”ื“ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื—ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื• ืืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื, ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ืŸ. ืืš ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืชื™ืžืจื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืขืกืง, ืœื‘ืœ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ".
^ 9. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ืงื ื• ืข"ื.
^ 10. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืกื ืข"ื.
^ 11. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื˜ ืข"ื, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื“"ื” ืืœื ื”ืื“ื.
^ 12. ืชืขื ื™ืช ื” ืข"ื‘: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ืžืช... ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืกืคื“ื• ืกืคื“ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื ื˜ื• ื—ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืจื• ืงื‘ืจื™ื™ื?... ืžืงืจื ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธื ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึตื—ึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐื™ึธื, ืžืงื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื–ืจืขื• ืžื” ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื".
^ 13. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื— ืข"ื.
^ 14. ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื. ืฉื ื”ืขื˜ ืฉืœ ืืฉืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ืจื’, ื”'ืชืจื˜"ื–-ื”'ืชืจืค"ื– (1927-1856). ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ ื•'ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ืกืจื™' ืขื‘ืจื™, ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื”'ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™' ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืจื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช ื•ืœืงืฉืจื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
^ 15. ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก. ื“'ืง"ื™ื“-ื“'ืง"ืฆ (430-354). ืžืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช. ืขืกืง ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืกืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืชื” - ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”.
^ 16. ื”ืคืฉื™ื–ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ื–ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืžืžืกื“, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืžื•ืกื•ืœื™ื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืืฆื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•. ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืคืฉื™ื–ื'. 'ืคืฉื™ื–ื' ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืคืฉื™ื•', ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืžืœ ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืœืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœ. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื•ืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืื• ื’ืจื–ืŸ. ื”ื’ืจื–ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื’ื“ ื‘ืงื ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื’ื ืœื”ืขื ืฉื”, ื•ืื’ื“ ื”ืงื ื™ื ืขื ื”ื’ืจื–ืŸ ื ืงืจื 'ืคืฉื™ื•'.

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ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื”.
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    ื›ืจืš ื'

    ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™"ื–

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช

    ืจืืฉื™ืช

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ื ื—

    ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ื—

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il