ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”
  • ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ึทื ึผึดืกึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืŸ-ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท, ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื”ึตื ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื ืœึฐื›ึดืฉืึฐืœื•ึนื ื•ึนืช. ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืœึธื” ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึฐื—ื•ึนืœึตืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ืžึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื– ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™, ืฉืึถื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ืชึผึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืึดื™ืคึธื” ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ืฉืึถืœึผึธื–ึถื” ืžึปื›ึฐืฉืึธืจ ืจึทืง ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื”ึทืžึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉื ืฉืึถื”ึทื‘ึผึนืฉื‚ึถื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” - ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืฉืื•ึผื ื‘ึผึนืฉื‚ึถื ืœึฐื‘ึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืžื•ึน, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืกึฐืคึผึดื™ืง ืœึฐื”ึธื ึดื™ืขึท ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึทืœึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึตื™-ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื• ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึฐื˜ื•ึผื‘-ื˜ึทืขึฒืžึธื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึนืฆึถื-ืฉืึดื›ึฐืœื•ึผืœึธื, ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึตืคึถืฅ ืฉืึถืœ ื’ึผึฐื“ึปืœึผึธื” ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืขื•ึนืจึฐืจื•ึผืช-ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, - ืœึธื–ึถื” ืžึปื›ึฐืฉืึธืจ ืจึทืง ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืจึธืชื•ึน ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช. "ืขึทื ื–ื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ื™ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผ". ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึธื˜ึฐืชึธื” ืึถืช ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึตื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืจื•ึผื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื”ึทื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึฐืึตืœึดื™ืช, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ ืฉืื•ึผื ืึฒื—ึดื™ื–ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึนืœึทื-ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื›ึผึดื™-ืึดื ื”ึทืกึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืขึท ื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™-ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืกึทื‘ึผึถื‘ึถืช ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืงื•ึผืคึทืช ื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืช ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ืช. ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ื, ื”ึทืžึผึปื›ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืจึธื” ืžื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™ืช, ื™ื•ึนืกึดื™ืคื•ึผ ืึธื– ืชึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืขื•ึนืช ืžื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึทืชึฐืึดื™ืžื•ึนืช ืึถืœ ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ืžึดืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ืœึดืชึผึตืŸ, ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐืึธื’ึธื” ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ืช ืœึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื™-ื”ึทื ึผึตืฆึทื— ืฉืึถืฉึผื‚ึธืžึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ. ื”ึทืฆึผึนืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™, ื”ึทืžึผึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึฒืœึธืงึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื›ื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืœึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืžึทืฆึผึธื‘ ืฉืึถืœ ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผึธื” ื•ึผืคึฐื’ึดื™ืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึดืžึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผึธืชึธื, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื ื•ึผืžึฐืงื•ึนืžึธื, ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื ื”ึทื”ึทื›ึผึธืจึธื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”-ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, ื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืกึธืจ ื”ึทื˜ึผึธื”ื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืชึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนืช. ืจึทืง ืึธื– ืชึผึดืฉึผืึธืึตืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืึตืœึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึนื– ื˜ึธื”ึณืจึธืชึธื”ึผ. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™-ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถื”ึทื—ึฒืœึปืงึผึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืชึผื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื›ึฐืœื•ึผืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™, ืชึผึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื”ึถืึธืจึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึฐืคึปืœึผึถืฉืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ-ื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ืžึตืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช-ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนืจ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ืึธื– ืชึผึดืชึฐืขึทืœึผึถื” ืœึฐืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผืช-ืฉืึธืจึฐืฉืึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผืฉื ื”ึธืจึทื‘ ืฉืึถืœ ืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐืจึทื‘ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึนืฉืึถืจ ืžึฐืคึนืจึธื˜ ื“ึผึทื•ึฐืงึธื ืขึทืœ-ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื™ึฐืžึตื™-ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื”ึธื”ึตื, ื•ึฐืชึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐื’ึธื‘ึฐื”ึตื™-ืžึฐืจื•ึนืžึธื”ึผ.
 "ื•ึฐื ึดืฉื‚ึฐื’ึผึทื‘ ื“' ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืœึดื™ืœ ื™ึทื—ึฒืœึนืฃ".
 "ื™ึดืฉืึฐื ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทื—ึฐืœึนืฃ ื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ืœ
 ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœ, -
 ื—ึธืกึฐื ึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื ึฐื–ึดื™ืจึธื™ึดืšึฐ".
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (39)
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'
12 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื•' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
13 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื”' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื”
14 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื”' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
 ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืคืจืง, ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžืžืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืงืฅ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื’ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืคื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื”, ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืคื–ืจืช ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืื” ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืื” ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื”.
ื’ื ืœืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื—ืœื•ืคื” - ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืื•ืžื”, ืืœื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื‘ืื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื•ืžื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื - ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” - ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ื™ื, ืงืฉืจื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืžืžืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื”, ื ืคื™ืœื” ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ึผืœื”.

ื”ึทื ึผึดืกึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืŸ-ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท,
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื?
ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ืชื•ืงืคื•. ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื– ื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ, ืœืฉืคืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•, ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื ืœื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ - ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืช, ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืฉ. ื ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคื™ื— ื‘ื“ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ืœื‘, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืžืคืœืฆืช ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืืช ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื•ืžื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจืกื ื™ืช ื”ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืžื•ืกื•ืœื™ื ื™, ืื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืจืขื™ื• ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื. ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื“ืข.

ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื”ึตื ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื ืœึฐื›ึดืฉืึฐืœื•ึนื ื•ึนืช.
ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ื ืช ื-ืœ ื—ื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืขืฉื• ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ืื›ื–ื‘ื”. ื•ื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื” ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ.
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืง ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืฉืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ืื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืงืœื˜, ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืคื™ื ื” ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ื‘ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืœืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ื•ืช ื ืฆื— ื›ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ, - ื–ื”ื• ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ. ืงื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื›ื— ืฉืžืงื“ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืื“ื. ื–ื” ืจืง ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื ื•ื—, ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื”, ืืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืื”, ืžืฉื˜ืžื” ื•ื”ืจืก. ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื ื“ืžื”, ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืคื™ื— ืจื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.

ืœื›ืŸ 'ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืช ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช'. ื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ, ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื—ื–ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืš ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืจ, ืืœื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ. ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.

 ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืœึธื” ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึฐื—ื•ึนืœึตืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ืžึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื– ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™, ืฉืึถื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ืชึผึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืึดื™ืคึธื” ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ืฉืึถืœึผึธื–ึถื” ืžึปื›ึฐืฉืึธืจ ืจึทืง ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื”ึทืžึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉื ืฉืึถื”ึทื‘ึผึนืฉื‚ึถื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” - ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืฉืื•ึผื ื‘ึผึนืฉื‚ึถื ืœึฐื‘ึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืžื•ึน, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืกึฐืคึผึดื™ืง ืœึฐื”ึธื ึดื™ืขึท ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึทืœึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึตื™-ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื• ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึฐื˜ื•ึผื‘-ื˜ึทืขึฒืžึธื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึนืฆึถื-ืฉืึดื›ึฐืœื•ึผืœึธื, ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึตืคึถืฅ ืฉืึถืœ ื’ึผึฐื“ึปืœึผึธื” ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืขื•ึนืจึฐืจื•ึผืช-ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, - ืœึธื–ึถื” ืžึปื›ึฐืฉืึธืจ ืจึทืง ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืจึธืชื•ึน ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช. "ืขึทื ื–ื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ื™ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผ". 1
ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืžื ืชื— ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื ื™ืกื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืžืชื•ืš ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื ืื” ื•ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ื. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืคืฉื™ื–ื ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ื’ื ื‘ื ืืฆื™ื–ื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
ืกื•ืคืจ ื“ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ 2 , ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื ื•ืฉืื™ ื“ื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื›ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช. ื“ื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื’ื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืืจ ืจื•ื—. ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื™ืกื•, ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืื“ื™ืจ, ืœืคืขื ื— ืืช ืกื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื ืื” ื•ื—ื™ืงื•ื™: ืืžื ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ื ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ - ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื?! ื“ื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืžื”ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื•ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ืชื "ืš ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื•. ื”ืชื "ืš, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก, ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืกืคืจ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื! ื–ื” ื–ื™ืขื–ืข ืื•ืชื, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื "ืš ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื. ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืขื–ื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืฆื” ื•ืฉื ืื”, ืงื ืื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ืงื•ื™. ืื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืขื ืฉื˜ื— ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืฆื‘ื ื—ื–ืง, ืžื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื”ืขื ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืืœ, ืื ืœื ื”ื?
ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืฉืืœื• ื’ื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื, ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืžื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืชืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืœ ืขื ื’ื•ืืœ, ืขื ืื“ื•ืŸ? ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ึผืœื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื•ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ืขื” ื”ืื™ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื•ืชื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช.
ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆืœื—, ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืฆืจื, ืžืชื•ืš ื ื‘ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืชื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื•ื’ื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื“ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืืœื™ืœื™ื™ื, ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื“ื•-ืจื’ืœื™ืช, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื, ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ ื•ืื›ื–ืจ. ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื—ืจืช. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื™ื–ืจืืœื™ 3 ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜: "ื›ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคืกื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•". ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ืœื ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืœืฉืœืžื” - ืืœื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืฆื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืขื ืื—ื“, ืฉื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืชื”ื™ืœืช ื”'. ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืื™ืจ ืืช ืฆืœื ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื“ื, ื•ืœื ืืช ืฆืœื ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืื“ื. ืœื ืฆืœื 'ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืช', ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื• ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื˜ืฉื”, ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™, ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื—ื–ืง ื•ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™. ื ื™ื˜ืฉื” ืืžืจ: ืงึดืจืขื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืขืœ-ืื“ื - ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืึทืœ-ืื“ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื™ื ืœืืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื—ื–ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจ, ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืื•ืคืง ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฆืœื— ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.

ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึธื˜ึฐืชึธื” ืึถืช ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึตื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืจื•ึผื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื”ึทื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึฐืึตืœึดื™ืช, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึผ ืฉืื•ึผื ืึฒื—ึดื™ื–ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึนืœึทื-ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื›ึผึดื™-ืึดื ื”ึทืกึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืขึท ื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™-ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืกึทื‘ึผึถื‘ึถืช ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, - ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ื–ื• ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืฉืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื•, ืืœื ืจืง ืžืกืคืงืช ื ื—ืžื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœืคืจื˜ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืกืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืื’...
ืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืงื•ึผืคึทืช ื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืช ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ืช.

 ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ื, ื”ึทืžึผึปื›ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืจึธื” ืžื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™ืช, ื™ื•ึนืกึดื™ืคื•ึผ ืึธื– ืชึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืขื•ึนืช ืžื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึทืชึฐืึดื™ืžื•ึนืช ืึถืœ ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื,
 ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืกื™ื’ื•ืคื™ื, ืจื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื•ืช? ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ื’ืจืช ื•ืžืฉืชื›ืœืœืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื. ื”ืžื“ืข ืžืชืงื“ื, ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ืคืืช ืขืœ ืฉืžืจื™ื”, ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื’ื ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืืš ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื”.

ืžึดืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ืœึดืชึผึตืŸ, ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐืึธื’ึธื” ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ืช ืœึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื™-ื”ึทื ึผึตืฆึทื— ืฉืึถืฉึผื‚ึธืžึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ.
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื“ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ "ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ". 4

ื”ึทืฆึผึนืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™, ื”ึทืžึผึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึฒืœึธืงึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื›ื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืœึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืžึทืฆึผึธื‘ ืฉืึถืœ ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผึธื” ื•ึผืคึฐื’ึดื™ืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื,
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื, ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžืจื“ื•ืช, ืืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขื›ื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื•ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืคื™ืจื” ืืš ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืคืกื•ืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ืชืžืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.

ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึดืžึผึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผึธืชึธื, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื ื•ึผืžึฐืงื•ึนืžึธื, ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื ื”ึทื”ึทื›ึผึธืจึธื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”-ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, ื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืกึธืจ ื”ึทื˜ึผึธื”ื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืชึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนืช.
ื›ืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ื”ืžืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช, ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ืŸ 'ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื”', ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื–ื›ืš ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืขื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœืกืคืง.
 ืจึทืง ืึธื– ืชึผึดืฉึผืึธืึตืจ - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื– ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื - ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืึตืœึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึนื– ื˜ึธื”ึณืจึธืชึธื”ึผ.
ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืจืง ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—, ืฉืœ ื ื—ืžื” ืคื•ืจืชื, ืืœื ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืช, ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื”.
ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™-ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถื”ึทื—ึฒืœึปืงึผึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืชึผื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื›ึฐืœื•ึผืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™, - ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืข, ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืืžื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื’ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื›ืš ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื ื”ืžืฉืš, ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื•ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื ื”ืคืกืง - ืชึผึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื”ึถืึธืจึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึฐืคึปืœึผึถืฉืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ-ื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ืžึตืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช-ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนืจ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.
ืื™ื ื ื• ื–ื•ื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื™ืฉืจ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืœืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉืจื”, ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื—ืกื™ื“ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื‘ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ื ืช ื-ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื•ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ 5 . ืื– ื’ื ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ? ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.

ืึธื– ืชึผึดืชึฐืขึทืœึผึถื” ืœึฐืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผืช-ืฉืึธืจึฐืฉืึธื”ึผ - ื”ึทื”ืืจื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช - ื‘ึผึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผืฉื ื”ึธืจึทื‘ ืฉืึถืœ ืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐืจึทื‘ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึนืฉืึถืจ ืžึฐืคึนืจึธื˜ ื“ึผึทื•ึฐืงึธื ืขึทืœ-ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื™ึฐืžึตื™-ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื”ึธื”ึตื,
 ื‘ื—ืฉืš ื’ื ื”ื ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ, ืื•ืชื• ื ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืžื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืขืฉืชื” ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืืœ ืžืงื•ืจื ื•ืฉืจืฉื ื”ื-ืœื”ื™, ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื˜ืฃ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื›ื–ื” ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช - ื•ึฐืชึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐื’ึธื‘ึฐื”ึตื™-ืžึฐืจื•ึนืžึธื”ึผ.
ื•ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ:
"ื•ึฐื ึดืฉื‚ึฐื’ึผึทื‘ ื“' ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืœึดื™ืœ ื™ึทื—ึฒืœึนืฃ" 6 .
ืœื ืจืง ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.

"ื™ึดืฉืึฐื ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทื—ึฐืœึนืฃ ื›ึผึธืœึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœ, -
 ื’ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืœื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
ื—ึธืกึฐื ึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, - ื›ืœ ื”ืขื,
ืœึฐื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ื ึฐื–ึดื™ืจึธื™ึดืšึฐ" 7 . - ืืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืŸ.

^ 1. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื’, ื›ื.
^ 2. ืคื™ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื“ื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืกืงื™, ื”'ืชืงืค"ื-ื”'ืชืจืž"ื (1881-1821). ืžืกืคืจื™ื•: 'ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื ืฉื•'.
^ 3. ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื–ืจืืœื™, ืจื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืœื“, ื”'ืชืงืก"ื“-ื”'ืชืจืž"ื (1881-1808). ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื”. ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
^ 4. ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ื - ืžืก' ื“ืคืกื—ื ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื— ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™: "ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืืœืš ื‘ื ืš ืžื—ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ".
^ 5. ืจืžื‘"ื, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืค"ื— ื”ื™"ื: "ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื ื–ื”ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฆื•ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืžืงื•ื“ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ; ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขืฉืืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืจืข ื”ื“ืขืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ืžื—ื›ืžื™ื”ื". (ื•ื™"ื’: "ื•ืœื ืžื—ื›ืžื™ื”ื").
^ 6. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื‘, ื™ื–-ื™ื—.
^ 7. ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™, 'ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ืชืฉืืœื™', ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉื›"ื“, ืขืž' 59.

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ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื”.
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    ื ื—

    ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ื—

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ื›ืจืš ื‘'

    ื‘ื‘ืœ - ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช

    ื›ืจืš ื‘' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื•'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ืœืš ืœืš

    ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื“'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ื™ืชืจื•

    ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื˜'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il