ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”
  • ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึตื—ึตืœ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื–ึผึดื•ึผื•ึผื’ ื”ึทืžึฐืฉืึปื ึผึถื”, ืฉืึถืึดื™-ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื™ึธืคึถื”, ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื”ึทืงึผึทื™ึผึธืžื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึตื™-ื”ึทืงื•ึผืœึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืžึทื ึผึตื ื•ึผ: ื—ึฒืœึธืงึดื™ื ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึทื”ึฒื“ื•ึผืช, ื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื” ืžึฐื˜ึปืฉืึฐื˜ึถืฉืึถืช ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึฐืขึถื›ึถืช ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจึธื”ึผ, - ืขึดื ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื–ึปื”ึฒืžึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืจึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน, ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืขึดื™ื, ื”ึธืขึทืกึฐืงึธื ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืขึถืงึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึผืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ื, ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื, ืฉืึถื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืฉืึธืชึธื, ื‘ึผึดื™ืกื•ึนื“ ื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืฉืึธืชึธื ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ืช; ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืื•ึนืชึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืื•ึนืชึธื ื•ึผ ื ึธืฉื‚ึธื ื“' ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทื ึฐืคึตื™ ื ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืขึทื-ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐ"ืขึดื ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื ึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืกึผึฐื ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื›ึผึธืขื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ".
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื”ืื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืœื ื ืงืœื˜ื• ื™ืคื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงืœื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืื• ืฉืงืœื˜ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ืœืคืช, ื ืฉืื” ืจืืฉ, ื•ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™. ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื, ื•ื ื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื ืฉืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
ืื– ื—ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืกืชืœืงื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืื” ืชื—ืชื™ื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช. ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, "ื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื›ืจื” ื•ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคืกื“ื”" 1 . ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™: "ืื ื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืื• ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™". ื–ื• ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื”ืกืชืœืงื” ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืขืžื” ื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืง ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืจืฆื•, ื ื‘ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืžื” ืžืžืœื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช - ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื. ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืจืฆื•, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื—ืกืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื’ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงื•ื™ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ื”ืžืœื™ืื”, ืืฃ ืฉืขืœืชื” ืงืจื ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื.
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (39)
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'
17 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื”' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™
18 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื”' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื™
19 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื”' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“

ืœืฉืืœื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืชื• - ืงืฉื” ืœืขื ื•ืช. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืื•. ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืขื ืขื–ืจื ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœืžื”, ืขืžื“ื• ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืขืžื“ื• ื•ื‘ื›ื•: ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื? 2 ืฆืขืจื ื ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช, ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื“ืœ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืื•ืชื ืžืชืืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: "ืžึดื™ ื‘ึทื– ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ืงึฐื˜ึทื ึผื•ึนืช" 3 ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ: ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื. 4 ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก ืœื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ ื•ื”ืคืš ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืžืœื›ืช ืจื•ืžื™, ืœื ื”ืชื ื—ืžื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ - ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืคื•ืืจ ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ - ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืคืืจ. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก - ืœื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ืืจ ืžืขื•ืœื 5 , ืื•ืœื ื‘ืœ ื ืฉื›ื— ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก.
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืจืื• ืฉืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ, ืืœื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืœืื•ืชื” ืžื˜ืจื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื’ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืชืš ืงื‘ืข ืืœื ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื" 6 , ืื•ืชื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”'ืงื‘ืข' ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช.
ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ืชืขื ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ 7 ืžืชื•ืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืื•ืฉ. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื•ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืžืจืืฉ. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื–.
ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึตื—ึตืœ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื–ึผึดื•ึผื•ึผื’ ื”ึทืžึฐืฉืึปื ึผึถื”, ืฉืึถืึดื™-ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื™ึธืคึถื”, ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื”ึทืงึผึทื™ึผึธืžื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึตื™-ื”ึทืงื•ึผืœึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืžึทื ึผึตื ื•ึผ: - ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ืœืื™ืกืœื.

ื—ึฒืœึธืงึดื™ื ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึทื”ึฒื“ื•ึผืช, - ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื-ืœ, ืขืจื›ื™ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื’ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ืฉืœื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืขืจื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืื• - ื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื” ืžึฐื˜ึปืฉืึฐื˜ึถืฉืึถืช ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึฐืขึถื›ึถืช ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจึธื”ึผ, - ืขึดื ื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื–ึปื”ึฒืžึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืจึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน, - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืฆืžื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืื ืžืฆื“ ืžืขืžื“ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ - ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื ืžืฆื“ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื.
ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืขึดื™ื, ื”ึธืขึทืกึฐืงึธื ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืขึถืงึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื”ึถื, - ื™ืฉื•, ืคืื•ืœื•ืก, ืคื˜ืจื•ืก ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื, ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ืขืฉื• ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืžื ืืช "ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื”".
ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื’ืœื™ืœ. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžืจื“ ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื, ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื’ืœื™ืœ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืชื ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ ื“ืชื™ ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื”ืชืจืฆืชื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.

ื•ึผืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ื, ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื, ืฉืึถื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ืœึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืฉืึธืชึธื, - ื’ื ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœื™ืœื•ืช. ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืื– ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื, ื˜ื‘ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ - ื‘ึผึดื™ืกื•ึนื“ ื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืฉืึธืชึธื ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ืช;
ื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืžื– ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•: ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืื•ึนืชึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืื•ึนืชึธื ื•ึผ ื ึธืฉื‚ึธื ื“' ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทื ึฐืคึตื™ ื ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืขึทื-ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคืš ื”ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจึทืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื•. ื–ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉื‘ื ืฆืจื•ืช, ื’ื ืื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืจืง ื›ื›ื— ื ื•ืจื ื•ืื“ื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœื•, ื•ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืจืช ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืืœื ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื™ืกืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ื™ืœืžื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื“, ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ. ืื—ื“ ืžืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืœื–ืจืžื™ื”, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก 8 , ื›ืชื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื˜, ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ื-ืœื”ื™.
ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืชืงืคื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ืืฆืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืื‘ืง. ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœื™ืœื•ืช. ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”: ืืœื™ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ืฆืจื• ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืืœืฃ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ, ืคืกืœื™ื ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจืชื™ื, ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืกื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื” ื”ืขื– ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” - ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”.
ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจืื” ืฆื“ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ืจืื”, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืฉื–ื• ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื›ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืžืœื™ืื” ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื-ืœ. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืฆื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจืชื ื•. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื’ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ืจืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื ื ื–ืฃ ื•ื ืขื ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื–ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืฆืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืจืื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืืžื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžื›ืจื• - ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ.
ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™. ืขื‘ื“ ื ื•ืœื“ ื›ื–ื”, ื–ื• ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืขืžื“ ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™. ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื™ืจืื”, ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื–ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื’. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ืกื“ืจ ืคืกื—, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื™ ื”ื•ื, ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืžืœืš.

ื–ื”ื• ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ืขื ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ ื‘ืขื ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื ื”, ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื. ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื™ืคื”.
ื•ึฐ"ืขึดื ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื ึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืกึผึฐื ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื›ึผึธืขื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ" 9 .

^ 1. ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื.
^ 2. ืขื–ืจื ื’, ื™ื‘: "ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื•ึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืกึฐื“ื•ึน ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึนื›ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ, ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึผืขึธื” ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืงื•ึนืœ".
^ 3. ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื“, ื™.
^ 4. ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื— ืข"ื‘: "ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ, ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื‘ื– ืœื™ื•ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช? ืžื™ ื’ืจื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืฉื•ืœื—ื ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื? ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื”".
^ 5. ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื ืข"ื‘.
^ 6. ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื’.
^ 7. ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื• ืข"ื.
^ 8. ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก, ื“'ืงื˜"ื•-ื“'ืงืฆ"ื (430-354). ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืงืจืชื’ื• ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
^ 9. ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื˜ ืข"ื.

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  • undefined
    ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”'

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ื•

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•" ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš" ื•ื”"ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื", ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืืช-ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื

    ืžื” ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช? ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”? ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื’ืœ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    5 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื—ื•ืงืช - ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”

    ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    47 ื“ืง'
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจ ?

    ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•.

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ืงื•ืจื— - ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    37 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ' - ืœ"ื

    ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” | ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช | ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ | ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ | ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช |ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

    ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘

    ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘''ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘''ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘. ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ | ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค''ื•
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    ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื

    ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชืคื“ื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

    ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช | ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ | ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœื | ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ | ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื“ื” | ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืงื• | ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ืœืื™ืœื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    38 ื“ืง'
    ืžืœื›ื™ื - ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™

    ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ืคืจืง ื›"ื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›"ื‘ - ืœ'

    ืœืžื” ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ? ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืงื? ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ - ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื? ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืœ"ื— - ืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”. ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื—ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืคืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช- ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืคืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื›"ื“ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il