ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
  • ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
  • ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื—ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžืจื™ื

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื™ื:
"ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ืžืื“. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื ืก ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื ื•" (ื”ืœ' ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืค"ื“ ื”ื™"ื‘).

ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื–ื•?

ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื’ืœื™ื•ืช: ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืžื“ื™ ื•ืคืจืก, ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืžื™. ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•, ื™ ื“"ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื ื‘ืชืจ ืข"ืค ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืฉื” ืžื“). ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืืจื™ืš ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ("ื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื”", ืขืž' ื™ื) ืžื” ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•. ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื ืคืฉ (ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ); ืื ืฉื™ ืคืจืก ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ืชื• ืžืื” ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ื; ืื ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื›ื•'. ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื ืจืžื–ื• ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ืคืจืง ื‘, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื–').

ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืื ื• ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืชื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื ื•. ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื•ื˜ื ืจ ("ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง", ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืขืž' ืงื›ื):
"ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื’ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื”ื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•, ื™ื“ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“"ื” ื•ื’ื), ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืŸ? ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื–ื–ื ื• ืื– ืžืืจืฆื ื•? ื•ืขื•ื ื” "ื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืง ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืชื ื”. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืจื™ืงืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืคืงื™ืขื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื” ืžืžืชื ืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืคืงื™ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืŸ. ื›ื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืœื—ืฅ ื—ื›ืžืชื” ื•ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 'ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื”ื' ื‘ืชื•ืš ื"ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 'ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš'. ืขื•ืžืง ืชื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืช ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืคืืช ืฉื’ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื; ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ื–ืจ ืœื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืฉืžื• ื•ืฉื ืื‘ื™ื•. ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• (ื”, ื•) 'ื ืžืจ ืฉื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื”ื' ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื™ื’) 'ื ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืŸ' (ืข"ืค ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื–') ื•ื›ื•' ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืขืจ ืื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฆืžื! " (ืขื›"ืœ ื”ื’ืจ"ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ื ืจ).

ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื˜ื ืจ: "ืืœื ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ืงื‘ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ". ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื–ื”? ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—ื™ืœืงื• ื ื—ืœืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืืจืฅ, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงื‘ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื"ื™. ืžื™ ื”ื? "ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื, ื•ืขื“ืช ืงืจื—" (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื™ื– ืข"ื‘ ื•ืจืฉื‘"ื). ืืžืจื• ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง " ืœืืœื” ืชื—ืœืง ื”ืืจืฅ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื•, ื ื’), ื“ื•ืงื ืœืืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืฉืจื™ื (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืžืœื‘ื™"ื). ื›ื™ืฆื“? ืืœื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” 603,550 ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืคื ื—ืก (ื›ื•, ื ื) ื”ื™ื• ืจืง 601,730. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ืกืจื™ื 1820 ื ืคืฉ! ืžื™ ื”ื? ืœืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ื›ื•-ืœ) ื•ืขื•ื“ 250 ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื“ืช ืงืจื—, ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืืช ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืจืง "ืœืืœื” (ืฉื ื•ืชืจื•) ืชื—ืœืง ื”ืืจืฅ".

ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•? ื›ื™ ืืจืฆื ื• ื ืงืจืืช "ืืจืฅ ืืžื•ื ื”" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื–, ื’) ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ("ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื" ืขืž' 78, 84, 86). ื"ื™ ื ืงืจืืช "ื‘ื™ืช ื”'" (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—, ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื". ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื‘ ืข"ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“"ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”'). ืขื“ืช ืงืจื— ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืžื” ืžืขืœืชื”. ื•ืœื ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื"ื™ ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืžืฉืืจ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืืœื ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื™ืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื"ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื. ื”ื–ื™ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ "ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ" ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฆืจื™ื! ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื: "ื”ืžืขื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ืชื ื• ืžืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ?" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื™ื’). ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื”ืจื™ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื’ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ ืฉืืจ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ืŸ ืœืืจืฆื ื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืฆื“ ืข"ื) ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืืช ื—ืœืงื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื "ืœืคื™ ืฉืกืคืจื• ื‘ื’ื ื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื™ ืข"ื‘).

ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืจื˜ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ืžืจื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื•ื™ื. ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ:
"ื•ื˜ืขื ืืš ื‘ื”' ืืœ ืชืžืจื•ื“ื•, ื›ื™ ื™ืจืืชื›ื ืœื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืขื [ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™] ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืจื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“. ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื›ื ื™ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืœื ื™ื“ ื”' ืขืฉืชื” ืขืžื›ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืชื›ื ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ืฉื ืžืคื ื™ื›ื. ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•" (ืขืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ื˜).

ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื ืจืชืข ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืžืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื"ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืคื—ื“ ื”ืกื›ื ื”, ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื“ ื‘ื”' ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ืก ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื ื• ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืคืจื• ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืช ืืจืฆื ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื ืงืจืืช "ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื”ื". ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขืžื™ื ื ื›ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื•.

"ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”". ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ืฉื ื”'. ืจื”"ืž ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืจืกื ืื– ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื•ืกืจืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช: ื‘"ื” ืื• ื‘ืก"ื“ ื‘ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืื• ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื•. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืœ ื ื’ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช, ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ (ื•ืœื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช) "ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื".

ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืจื— ืชืžื™ื ื”ืžื–ื“ืžืŸ ืืจืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• "ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™" ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื—ื’ ืื• ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืงื“ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช. ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื’ ืข"ื™ ืคื™ืงื ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืคืืจืงื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืฉื“ืจ ืœื ื• ื•ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื•ืชื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจืช ื”' ื”ื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆืขื“ื™ ืจืื•ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืื™, ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ื“ืœื• ืžื”ืžืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืขืžื™ ืชื‘ืœ (ืคืจื˜ ืœืกื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืงื•ื‘ื”). ืžื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉืืจืฆื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื• ืืœื ื›ื‘ืฉื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืœื ื•.

ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื ื’ื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืงืกืืžื™"ื. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ืœืง ื•ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•. ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช?

ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื• ืงืœืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” "ื•ืจื“ื• ื‘ื›ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื›ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ื™ื–). ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ "ืื™ื ื™ ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืœื ืžื›ื ื•ื‘ื›ื". ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืข"ืค ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืื•ื™ื‘" (ื”ื ื•ืงื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ) ืœ"ืฉื•ื ื" ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื–). ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื›ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืจืช ื›ืขืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื ืื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื”"ืž ืื•ืœืžืจื˜ ืฉืฉื—ืจืจื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืืœืฃ ื•ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื›"ืžื—ื•ื•ืช", ื•ืœื ื”ืชื ืชื” ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉื—ืจืจ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืืช ื’ืœืขื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜, ืื• ืฉ"ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•" ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคื•ืœืจื“. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืชืžื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขืœ ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื—ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ืคื•ืœืจื“ ื•ืžืกืจื• ื›ืชื‘ ื–ื” ืœืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื”"ืž ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืœืฉื ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื•ืฉ, ื”ื•ื "ืฉื›ื—" ืืช ื”ืžืกืžืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืฉื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืžื ืขื” ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืคื•ืœืจื“ ืžืขืžื“ "ืืกื™ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช?

ืืœื ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ื”ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืขืจื•ืš "ืžืฉืืœ ืขื". ืจื”"ืž ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืืœ ืขืฉื• ืžืืžืฅ ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ืœื—ื•ืงืง ื—ืง ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื "ืžืฉืืœ ืขื" ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ. ืžืžื” ืคื—ื“ื•? ืžืžื” ื—ืฉืฉื•? ืืœื ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื™ืชืจื” ืœืืจืฆื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื ื™ืคื™ื ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืœื ื™ืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ.

ื”ืื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ืขืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื•? ื”ืื ื™ื“ืข ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจื•ืขืฅ? ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืŸ. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื” (ืฉื ืช ืชืจืก"ื—):
"ื•ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืžื—ื•ืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ืคืงืจื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, (ื‘ืื™ืŸ) [ื‘ืœื™] ื–ื›ืจ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืžืช; ื”ืžื—ืคื” ืืช ื—ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช, ื‘ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืคื”; ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื (ืค' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืฉื‘ื) ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืžืคืœืฆืช, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ืœืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•[ืœืฉื ืืช] ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืžืื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชืชื’ื‘ืจ? ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื•ื˜ ืจื’ืœื ื•". ("ืื’ืจื•ืช", ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงืคื‘-ืงืคื’).

ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื”ื "ืคื•ืจืงื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื”, ื‘ื•ื–ื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื" ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืขื™ืžื”ื ืื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ("ืžืืžืจ ืืคื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื’ื‘", ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”", ืžื”ื“' ืชืฉืก"ื‘, ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 121). ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื—ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคืœื’ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืžื‘ื–ื” ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืคื ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืจ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื”ื, [ืžืขื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ "ืฉืœื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•" ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ื•ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืืจืฆื ื•. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจืžื– ืœืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืงื ื•ืก ื•ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืœื•ืก, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื]. ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•:
"ื”ืชื—ืœืชื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ื ื—ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ื, ื•ืกื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืจืื”, ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ืืฉืชืงื“ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืฉืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื”. ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื [ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื ื™ืžื”]. ืื•ืžื” ื›ื–ื• ื›ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ [ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคืฅ] ืชืชืคื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ืชืขืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช (ืฉ' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืคืชื—) ื ื•ืจืื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืจื•ืกืงื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื” [ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื•] ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืื‘ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ื™' ืขืœ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™ ืžืฆืื•ื ื™ ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื, ื™ื–). ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื˜ืจื” ืœื™ื•ืฉื ื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืขืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื•ื”ืงืžืชื”" (ืฉื, ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 122-123).

ืื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื–ืจ. ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืžื ื•ื›ืจ ื•ืชืงื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืืžืŸ ืœืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฆื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ. ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉืขืจืš ื”"ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”" (ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืก"ื—, ื•ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘-ื˜"ื– ื›ืกืœื• ื‘ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช) ืจืง ืขืฉืจื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื"ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›"ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื". ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืขื ืฉื•ืœื— ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื“ืชื™ (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืž"ื“). ืื‘ืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” "ืชืคื•ืฉื•ืช" ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžืืœ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืกืื“ืืช, ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื“ืช ื”ืงื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10% ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ 90% ืžื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื. ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจืง, ืจืง 75% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื ื™ื ื”ื 40% ืžื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ื•ื”ื ืฉืื—ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืกืื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื’ื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื, 70% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื ื›ืช ืกื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ืข"ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ืขืœืื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืจืง 20% ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื”ืืฉืžื™ื, 20% ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ 80% ืฉื”ื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื™ื ืžืžื•ืจืžืจื™ื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”. ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ ื•ืืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื•ืžื. [ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœ"ืžืขืจืš" ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื”ื’ื™ืžืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืœืฉื ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ].

ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื›ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ื ื• ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื•ืจืœื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื ืจื“ืคื™ื. ื•ื”ื ืก ืื™ืจืข. ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืคืš ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื“ืœืง ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื™ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื ืคืœื•ืก ื™ื•ื, ืœื‘ื˜ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข), ื›ืš "ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืขื˜ื™ื", ื”ืฆื“ืง ื’ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืืกืคื™ืกื™ื ื•ืก ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืจื™ื“, ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื•. ืžื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืžื—ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืจืขื ื ื•ืชื”.

ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืขืžื™ืืœ (ื‘ืฉืขืชื• ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘) ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืืœ ืขืžื™" (ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ื˜ื•) ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ:
"ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—"ื› ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืžื‘ื“ื™ืชื ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” 'ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื' ื•ื“ื™ืžื• ืฉ'ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืชืฉืชื›ื— ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ', ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืื– ื ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื™ ืชื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื, ืขื“ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืฆืจืคืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“' ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืื– ืฉืจื™ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜, ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจื™ื: ืจื‘ ืฉืžืจื™ื” ื‘ืจ' ืืœื—ื ืŸ, ืจื‘ ื—ื•ืฉื™ืืœ, ืจ' ื ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืจ' ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ' ื—ื ื•ืš, ืฉื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืกื‘ื‘ื” ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื•ื ืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื. [ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืžืขืชื™ืง: ืขื™ื™ืŸ "ื”ืื ืฆืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช", ืขืจืš ื—ื•ืฉื™ืืœ. ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘"ืกื“ืจ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”" ืœื”ืจืื‘"ื“]. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ืคืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ืคืš ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืขื•ื“, ื•ื”ื ืก ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืœื”. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืฆื—ื™ ื›ืš ื’ื ืคืš ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื ืฆื—ื™". ืขื›"ืœ [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืฉืจื“ ื•ื’ื ื ื ืฆื—].

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง:
"ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืืคืกื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™, ื•ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื— ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื’ืข ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ื•' ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘"ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืจืื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื, ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืืžืช. ื•ื›ื•'. ื“ื•ืงื ืข"ื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ื–ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื [ื‘ืื”] ื”ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืชืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืื“, ืขื“ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื‘ื”ืœื• ืžืฉืืชืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืžื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœืขื•ืช ืืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืงืžื ื• ื•ื ืชืขื•ื“ื“, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื™ืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื”ืจื™ ื“ื’ืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงืจื ื ืžืชืจื•ืžื" (ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืช, ืคืจืง ื‘, ืคืกืงื ื™ื’).

ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื ืขืœืžื” ืžื”ืื•ืคืง ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื”ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ื, ื”ืงืจืื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ืกื™ื, ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืชืื™ ืฆื‘ื™, ืื ืฉื™ ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื•ืจื™ื ืกื ืก ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื›ืคืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืฆืืจื™ืช, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืคื•ืจื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘; ืื™ืคื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืœ ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื? ื ืขืœืžื• ืžื›ืœืœื™ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ื›ืš ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื“ืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื. ื•ืื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืจืฆื”, ื–ื” ืœื™ื•ื ืื–ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืขืžื™ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžืื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ. ื ืืžื ื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื“ื•ื—ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืฉืš. ืžื™ ืฉื”' ื ืžืฆื ืื™ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืžืื“. ืื ื• ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื "ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื”ื" ื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ืช ื”' ื“ื•ืงื ืืœื™ื ื•, ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.


ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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