ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ื•ืืจื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื—
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
undefined
6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื

ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช (ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžืžื ื”), ื”ื ืงืจืืช "ื›ื•ืกื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื". ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืฉื ืžื•ื–ืจ ื–ื”. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื• ื™ื›ืจื™ืข ืื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืื• ืœื. ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”?

ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื (ืงื™ื— ืข"ื) ืžื•ื‘ื "ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ, [ื›ื•ืก] ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื’ื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื’-ืงื™ื—) ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœ"ื•) ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื’). ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจืฉื‘"ื: "ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื’ื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ". ืชืžื•ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ "ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ" ืžื” ื‘ื ืจืฉื‘"ื ืœืชืงืŸ? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืš ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื? ืืœื ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืš: "ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื’ื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ, ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ". ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžื—ืง ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื—ื ื›ืฉืจ ("ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”", ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืจื ืขืž' 109-112) ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ "ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™" ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžื”ืจื™"ืฅ ื’ื™ืื•ืช, ืจื‘ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ, ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ื’ื ื‘"ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื" (ื›ืช"ื™ ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ (ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื, ืคืจืง ืกื”, ืขืž' ืฉื) ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื™ืจืกื ื–ื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ืžืง ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืชื”, ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•.

ื‘ืžื” ื ืขื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—? ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื™ืขื“ ืœื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ: [ื] ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืžืชื—ืช ืกื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื [ื‘] ื•ื”ืฆืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื [ื’] ื•ื’ืืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' [ื“] ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืœื™ ืœืขื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ื›ื•' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื•, ื•-ื–). ื•ื–ื”ื• ื˜ืขื ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืคืกื—ื™ื, ืค"ื™). ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช? ื”ื™ื "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื ืžื•ืจืฉื”, ืื ื™ ื”'" (ืคืกื•ืง ื—). ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืก ื ืคืจื“ืช? ื•ืฉืืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ื ืฉืืœ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ?

ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืžื•ืฆืง ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—, ื›ื”) ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืœื™ ืœืขื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ". ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”? ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช. ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืืชื ืชื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ืื“ืžืชื ื•ืื ื™ ืืชื ื ื” ืœื›ื ืœืจืฉืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ื›ื•' ืื ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›, ื›ื“) ื™ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื›ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืืœืงื™ื ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•". ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืงืฉืจื ื• ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืืžื ื ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื• ืœ"ืžื•ืจืฉื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื•, ื—). ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืœื” ื–ื•, ืฉืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื™ืจื•ืฉื”" ืืœื "ืžื•ืจืฉื”" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืค"ื— ืกื•ืฃ ื”"ื‘). ื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืื– ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”, ื•ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ื“' ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช, ื™ืฆืจืคื• ื™ื—ื“ "ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืœื™ ืœืขื" ืขื "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ". ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”.

ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ืœื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื”? ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ื—ื–ืงืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช. ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื™ ืื• ืข"ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ืื• ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ืขื–ืจื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ืื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื"ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืงื•ืžืžื™ื•ืช (ืœืคื™ ืคืกืง ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ"ื™ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, "ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ", ื›ืจืš ื™' ืขืž' 25, ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ื˜ื™ืงืฆื™ื ืกืงื™, ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"). ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”; ืžื ื—ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื”ืกื•ืืฅ) ื•ืขื“ ื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช, ื•ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื•ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ) ื•ืขื“ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•, ื™ื—; ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื“). ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื•. ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืœื ื”ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืจืฆื ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื“ื“ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืืžื ื ื˜ืจื ื›ื‘ืฉื•, ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ืขืœืื“ืžืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืข"ื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ (ืžืืžืจ ื‘, ืคืจืง ื™ื“) ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉื” ืงื‘ืœ ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืกื ื”? ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ? ื•ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื” ืขืžื“ ืฉื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ! ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื "ื‘ื”ื•ืฆื™ืืš ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืชืขื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื’, ื™ื‘) ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ืื ื ืงืฉื” ื”ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื"ื™? ื ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืขืžื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช. [ื•ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘"ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื”", ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืžืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช]. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื”' ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ", ืืžื ื ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืข"ืค ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ื ื‘.) ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืค"ื– ื”"ื—). ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื‘' ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื•ืช (ื•ื”ืจื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืคื™ื™ื ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช), ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืช "ืขืฅ ืคืœื•ื ื™" ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ. ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืฅ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืœืคื™ื™ื ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ืื–, ืœืžื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ื”ืœืื” ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘' ืืœืคื™ื ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื.

ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจืง ืคืกืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขืฅ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืขื“ ืœืขืฅ, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื•ืฉื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื•. ืฉื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืฉื ืขื•ื“ ื‘' ืืœืคื™ื ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื” "ืฉื‘ืช ืžืœื›ืชื") ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืฉื’. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืกืขื• ืœืฉื ื›ืžื” ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืงื ื• ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" (ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื) ืข"ืค ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื (ืงื™ื– ืข"ื) ืฉื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื"ื™ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื ื›ื ื—ืœืช ื"ื™.

ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ื ื•. ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื” ืจืง ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช? ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื—ื ื›ืฉืจ (ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื ืขืž' 107) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืจืžื–ื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช? ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื.

ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจื™ื, ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืื ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคืจื ืกื” ื‘ืฉืคืข. ื›ื™ ืœื”ื’ืืœ, ื•ืื—"ื› ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฆืขืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™, ืœื ืชื™ืงืจื "ื’ืื•ืœื”". ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื ืก ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืกื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื ืก ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื›ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื "ืงืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื”ืžืœืืš ื”ื’ื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ืจืข' ืžืœืืš ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจื•ืขื” ืื•ืชื™'" [ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•] (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื—.). ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืชืš ืงืฆื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™, ืจื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืืžืจื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• "ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ื”ืžืกืชื™ื™ื "ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•", ืื• ืœื•ืžืจ "ื”' ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื ืื—ืกืจ". ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื "ื•ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื—ืœืง ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื”". ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืกื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ืจื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื" ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ "ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืœื ืžืื“", ืขืž' ืฉื‘). ื•ื”ืืจื™ืš ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืขืž' ืฉื“).

ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื—ื ื›ืฉืจ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœ"ื”ื’ื“ืช ืคืกื— ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช" (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืชืฉ"ื™, ืขืž' 179 ื•ืื™ืœืš) ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืฉื, ื“ืฃ 190). ื›ื•ืก ื–ื• ืžืกืžืœืช "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ". ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืชืžื™ื ื“ืขื™ื, ืกื™' ืจืžื”) ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืชื•) ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื—, ื›ืจืš ื‘' ืขืž' ืชืชืข). ื”"ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืจื“ื›ื™" (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชืค"ื) ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืฉืจ (ืฉื, ื“ืฃ 206) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื“ื ื ื• ืื ื• ืืฉืจ ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘"ื” ืœืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• "ื›ื™ ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื›ื— ืื™ืŸ ืœืœื™ื“ื”" (ืžืœ"ื‘ ื™ื˜, ื’). ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื—ื ื›ืฉืจ:
"ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ืื ื• ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”' ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ", ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืคื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ "ืฉื‘ืฉืคืœื ื• ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื™ืคืจืงื ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•" ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช" ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš.

ื•ืื ื™ืฉืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ: ืžื™ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืกื™' ืชืค"ื) ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืจืง ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช? ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ืฉ"ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืก ืื• ืชืื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ". ื•ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืชื”ืœื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืฉื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืืจืฆื”, "ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื", ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื ืคืœืื” ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื, "ืœื ืชื”ื ื›ื”ื ืช ื›ืคื•ื ื“ืงื™ืช?" ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืื‘ ื•ื”ืื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืก? ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ) ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฆื” ืฉืœ ืืคื™ืงื•ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื” ื‘ืคื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืชื™ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”" ื”ื "ืœ ืขืž' ืชืชืข"ื, ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ืจืฆื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืจืง ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ). ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ื•ืก ื–ื• ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื”, ืค"ื— ื”"ื™). ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืจืง ืœืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ืื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจื ืกื” (ื›ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื”ื•, ื•ืœื ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ืŸ) ืื• ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”. ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ื ืฆื—. ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื’ื ืœืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื "ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ", ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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