ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ - ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืช ืื™ื˜ื”

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื (ื, ื-ื™) ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข.
"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืึฒืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทื”' ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืžึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ื‘ึผื•ึน: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึดืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐื’ื•ึนืจึธืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžึธื” ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื’ึทื ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืจึธืœึถืšึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ืึดืชึผื•ึน ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ: ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึดื–ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึถื–ึถืง ืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ืึดื™ืฉื: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึถื–ึถืง ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึดื–ึผึดื™: ื•ึทื™ึผึธื ึธืก ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ื•ึทื™ึผึดืจึฐื“ึผึฐืคื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื—ึฒื–ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทืฆึผึฐืฆื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึนื ื•ึนืช ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™ื•: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึนื ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึฐืงึปืฆึผึธืฆึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืœึทืงึผึฐื˜ึดื™ื ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืฉืึปืœึฐื—ึธื ึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึดืœึผึทื ืœึดื™ ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึปื”ื•ึผ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืฉืึธื: ืค ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผื•ึผื”ึธ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื—ึธืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืฉืึดืœึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึตืฉื: ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื... ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ..."

ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื™ื™ื:
ื. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขื ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืช ืฉื. ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”?
ื‘. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™; ื™ื; ื™ื“; ื˜ื•); ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื - "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื•ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ) ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข! ื•ืื ื›ืš ืงืฉื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• "ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท"?!
ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื?


ื“ื™ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื "ืš ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืชืจื’ื "ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”"; ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, "(ื”ืื ืฉื™ื) ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”". ืื•ืœื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ืจื’ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึดืชึผึดื™" โ€“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื: "ื•ืืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื—ื•ื”ื™ ืกืง ืขืžื™". ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืกืžื•ืš: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึดื–ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึธื" โ€“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ: "ื•ืกืœื™ืงื• ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ืžืกืจ ื”' ื™ืช ื›ื ืขื ืื” ื•ืคืจื™ื–ืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ". ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื—ืจื’ ืžื”ืจื’ืœื•?

ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืชืžื•ืจื” (ื“ืฃ ื˜ื–, ื) ืžืจืžื–ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื:
"ืชื ื, ื”ื•ื ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ืฅ, ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื• - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื—ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•".

ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืจืžื–ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ - ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื” ืœืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื; ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื” ืคืจืฉื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขืžืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. 1

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ โ€“ ื•ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื”
ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืจืžื–ื™ื, ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื - ื›ืžื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืงืข; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืฉืจืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื™ื) ืžืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉื›ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื”ื ื”ืชืื•ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ. ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ืœื”' ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื“ื•. ื”' ื ืขื ื” ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื•. ื”ืžืกืคืจ "ืฉื‘ืขื™ื" ืžืกืžืœ ืืช "ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื" ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื ื•ื— (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™); ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืœื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื โ€“ ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ืืช ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืึถืœึฐื“ึธื“ ื•ึผืžึตื™ื“ึธื“, ื”ืชื ื‘ืื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืžืฉื” ืœื›ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื โ€“ ืื•ืœื ืžืฉื” ืกืจื‘. ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื, ืฉืึถืœึฐื“ึธื“ ื•ึผืžึตื™ื“ึธื“ ื”ื™ื• ืื—ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืื• ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืฉืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ืœื—-ืœื˜). ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื "ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“" ื”ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ; ื•ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืกืžืœื™ืช 2 , ืฉืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ืื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื - ืฉืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื•ืฉื• "ืชืื•ื•ื”" ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื "ื›ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื" - ื•ืœื”ื™ื’ืืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ืชืžืœืื•; ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืชืœื›ื“ื• ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฆื, ื”ื ื™ื ืฆื—ื• ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื: " ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืœึธื‘ึถื˜ึทื— ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื... ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืžึดืงึฐื ึถื” ื•ึฐืงึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ " 3 . ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื’ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืžื• - ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื.

ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช; ืืœื ืฉื’ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื "ื‘ืื™ื" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื! ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืงืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื; ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ - ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื "ื‘ืขืœื•ืช" ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื”. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“ ื”ื™ืชื”, ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื - ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ"ืžืชื™ื"; ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ"ืžืชื™ื".

ืกืคืจ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ - ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื, ื•"ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ืช" ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื’ื•ื™ื™ื" ื•ื›ืžื• "ืžืชื™ื". ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืงืช. ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข โ€“ ืืš ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ"ืžืช" ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืœืื—ืจ "ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข".
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ื”ืžื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื "ืžื™ืชื” ืกืžืœื™ืช" ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ืืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืจืื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ืฉื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ื‘ื•ื“ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื 4 ).

ืœืคื™ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ, ืืœื• ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”" - ื”ื "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื”ืืžืชื™ื™ื) ". ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื•ืžื™ ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืจืฆื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืงืคืชื, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื• ื•ืฉืืœื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' - ื‘"ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ืžื™ื". ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืึฒืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทื”' ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืžึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึผึธื ื•ึผ...". "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื”ืืžืชื™ื™ื)" ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื, ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. 5 ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืจืžื– ืœื›ืš, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉ"ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื”" โ€“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”"; ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื•ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขืชื ื™ืืœ.

ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ โ€“ ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง" ื•"ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื"
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ื™) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื“ื ื™ืืœ ื”ืชืขื ื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ; ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืจ ื›ื•ื— ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื ืœื—ื ืขื ืฉืจื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื, ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ื›ืจืข ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืจืข ื’ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืจืžื–, ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื. ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืงื• ืฉืœ "ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื" ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“); ื•ืืฃ ืืฆืœื• "ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื" ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื; ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš โ€“ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ.
ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื’ ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึดืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐื’ื•ึนืจึธืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžึธื” ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™...". ื”ืชืจื’ื ืžืจืžื– ืฉืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" (ืขืชื ื™ืืœ) ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืื—ื™ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ "ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ" โ€“ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื” (ื‘ืฉืžื™ื) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ ืžื”ืืจืฅ. "ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื" ืขืžืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” - ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื“ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ("ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”") ืงื˜ืคื• ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื• ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื 6 ืื™ืฉ (=ืจื‘ื‘ื”) ื‘ื‘ื–ืง. 7

"ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง" ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื• "ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื" ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื“ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ืœื—-ืœื˜) ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ "ื’ึผื•ึนื’" ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ "ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื" ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืœืš ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื โ€“ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื›ืฉื ืฉื“ื ื™ืืœ ื ื™ื”ืœ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื›ืš ื ื™ื”ืœื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืขืชื ื™ืืœ) ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ "ื’ึผื•ึนื’" (ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื) ืฉื ืงืจื ืืฆืœื "ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง".
ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืžืจืžื–, ืฉ"ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง" ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืืช "ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช"; ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืฉืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ื˜ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชืœื• ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™-ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื; ืืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืขืชื ื™ืืœ) ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ื ืฆื—ื• ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื ืงืฆืฆื• ืืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื• โ€“ ืืš ื”ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืฉืœืžื™ื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกืžืœ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช; ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืคื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”
ื”"ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ" ืžืกืžืœืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”"ืคื”" - ืœืขืžืœ ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ืขื‘ืจื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื›ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื–ื” ืžื“ื ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื . ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืฆืจืขืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ ืžืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื• ืžื“ื ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื.

ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”"ืคื”". ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืœืžื“ื ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื’ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช; ื•ื”ื”ื–ืื” ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื, ืจื•ืžืžื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขื ื”"ืคื”" ืœืฉื ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•. ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ื•ื”ื”ื–ืื” ืขืœ "ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช" ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืž"ืคื™ื•" ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื; ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ืคื™ื• ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืชืื•ื•ื”.

ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" (ืขืชื ื™ืืœ) ื•ืื—ื™ื• ืฉื ืงืจื "ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืง" โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” "ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ", ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” "ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื" ื•ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”"ืคื”". ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืงืฆืฅ ืืช "ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•"; ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืœ"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”", ื•ืฉื ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืงืฆื•ืฆื•ืช (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช) ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืช. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื™ืฆื— ืื•ืชื, ื•ืœื ืงื™ืฆืฅ ืืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื; ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• "ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื", ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ; ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืง - ืœ"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช" ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื‘ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ("ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”") ื•ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื–ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื–ืง ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื: "ื•ืกืœื™ืงื• ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ืžืกืจ ื”' ื™ืช ื›ื ืขื ืื” ื•ืคืจื™ื–ืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ...". ื•ืืžื ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื ื›ื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื’ื "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ"ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื" โ€“ ืฉ"ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืกืžืœื™ื™ื" ืœื ืงื•ืฆืฆื•. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืจืžื– ืœื›ืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™" ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื ื™ืืœ - ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™" ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”; ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”". ืืš ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืจืžื–ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืžืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™" ื•ืžืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™".

ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ
ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชื•ืœื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื‘"ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข", ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชื‘ื•. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื›ื) ืžืจื•ืžื– ืฉืฉื‘ื˜ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื, ืฉืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืืฉืจ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœืœื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื•. ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื, ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืœืขื™ืŸ.
ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™. ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื˜ื•, ื•-ื–): "... ื•ึฐืขึธืœึธื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึนื”ึทืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืจึฐืื•ึผื‘ึตืŸ". ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืžื•ื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ? ื•ืžืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื•?!

ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงืจื ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื "ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืขื“ ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืขื“ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช. ืงืจื™ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื "ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ", ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ืงืฆื•ืฆื”, ื•ืžืจืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื”"ืคื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™" ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ (ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”) ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ื. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื• ืฉืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื, ื•ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืฉืœื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชืช ืœืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ื. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ืืœืฅ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื (ื, ื•, ืกื’-ืกื“). ืืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข "ืฉื•ืชืง" ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
ืื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื›ืคื•ืœ. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืคื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืชืช ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื. ืืš ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื˜ืจื— ืœืฉื‘ื— ืืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื”ื; ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืงืฆืฅ ืืช "ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื" โ€“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ื”"ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ" ืฉืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืจืžื– ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœื’ื ืื™ โ€“ ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืฉื‘ื—! 8



^ 1.ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื (ื, ื˜ื–) ืžืจืžื– ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”: "ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืงึตื™ื ึดื™ ื—ึนืชึตืŸ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžึตืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื‘ ืขึฒืจึธื“...". ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืชืจื’ื ืฉื ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื•, ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ ืขืœื• ืœ"ืžึทื“ึฐื‘ึผึฐืจึธื ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืขืจื“". ืืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช "ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”" โ€“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืฉ"ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”" ืฉื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” - ืื™ื ื• ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ; ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœ"ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”"ืฉืœ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" (ืขืชื ื™ืืœ) - ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžื ื•ื’ื‘ ืžื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช.

^ 2.ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืืฉืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ (ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 'ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื' ืžืก' 173): "ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื (ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื) ื›ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ - ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช (ืฉื”ื™ื) 'ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•'... ื”ื›ืจืช ื”'ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•' ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’. ืจืžื– ื•ืกืžืœ ืœื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ื’ื•ืืœ ืฆื“ืง...". ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช ื’ื ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”"ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง" (ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ - ืื•ืช ื˜), ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืกืงื ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
^ 3.ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื—, ื™ื‘
^ 4.ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ "ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”' ", ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืฉืึธื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”' " (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“, ื”); "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืช ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”' " (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื, ื); "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ื‘ึผึดืŸ ื ื•ึผืŸ ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”'" (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ื“, ื›ื˜, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘, ื—).

^ 5.ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ; ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "ื”ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ืžื™ื" โ€“ "ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื”" - ื”ื™ื ืงืฆืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืœื. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื (ื›, ื™ื—) ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ - "ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื‘ึทืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”". ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืชืจื’ื ื’ื ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื", ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขืชื ื™ืืœ; ื•ื‘ืขื–ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ - ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื.
^ 6.ื‘ืกื“ืจ "ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจื‘ื”" (ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ื, ื™ื‘) ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ "ืฉื ื™ื" ืžืกืžืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืœื–ื” - ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื ืžื ื™ืกื™ื "ืจื‘ื‘ื”": "ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืžื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื•ืจื“ืคื• ืžื›ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืขื“ื™ืคื• ืขืœื™ื”,ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ืจื“ืฃ ืืœืฃ ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืกื• ืจื‘ื‘ื”".

^ 7.ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื— ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืชืจื’ื ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™, ื•ืืœื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื’ื "ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" โ€“ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ืืจื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื "ื”ืื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื".
^ 8."ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ" ื›ืกืžืœ ืœืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื‘ืช "ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช" ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื’ื“ื” ืขืœ "ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื”" ืฉืงื™ืฆืฆื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื’ื“ื” ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื ืฉืงืฆืฆื• ืืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช".
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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