ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
  • ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื•ืžืขืœืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
undefined
14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 60 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ื”ืื ื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ื˜ืขื?
ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื”
ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืœื ื˜ืขื. ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” "ื–ึนืืช ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜), ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื” ื—ืงื”, ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื”". ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืœืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ื•ืงื”" ื ืืžืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืกื—, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”.

ืœืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื ืžืกืจื• ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื”
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืœืš ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื˜ืขื ืคืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืงื”" (ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜ ื•). ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ื˜ืขื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื” ืžื’ืœื” ืื•ืชื•. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ "ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”' ืกื•ื“ื” ืืœื ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื ืžืกืจื• ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื”ื ื™ืžืกืจื• ืœืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื" (ืื•ื”"ื— ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜ ื‘).

ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื™ื
ื•ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช, ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”ืจ (ื’ ื“ืฃ ืกื˜/ื‘) ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ืงื” ื•ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื. "ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืึฒืชึทืจ ื•ึทืึฒืชึทืจ ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึดืชึฐืงึฐืจึตื™, ื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึทื” ื“ึผึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื". ื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืขืœืชื ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื”ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื“ื ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ. "ื“ึผึฐืขึทื™ึผึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึดืžื•ึผืกื•ึนื™ ื‘ึผึทืึฒืชึทืจ ื“ึผึธื, ื•ึฐืึทืกึฐืชึผึดื™ื ืœื•ึนืŸ, ื›ึผึฐืžึธืืŸ ื“ึผึฐืกึธืชึดื™ื ื›ึผึนืœึผึธื, ื‘ึผึฐืึทืกึฐืงื•ึผืคึธื ื—ึฒื“ึธื". ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื ืžืฆืื™ื "ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึฐื ึดื™ื–ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึดื™ืœึตื™ื”ึผ, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื˜ึฐืžึดื™ืจึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึดื™ืœึตื™ื”ึผ".

ืœืžื” ื ืืžืจื” ื—ื•ืงื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช?
ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืจื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื—ื•ืงื”
ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืงื” ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื ืขืžื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืจึฐืึตื” ืœึดืžึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื—ึปืงึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึทื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึธื™ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ืœึฐืจึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ: ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื•ื ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึทืชึฐื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ึทืชึฐื›ึถื ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื—ึปืงึผึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทืง ืขึทื ื—ึธื›ึธื ื•ึฐื ึธื‘ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” " (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื”).

ื’ื ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื ืงืจืื• ื—ื•ืงื”
ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืกื— ื•ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ื“'. ื•ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื™ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืืžืจ ื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ืงื” ื•ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•ืœืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• "ื—ื•ืงื”"?

ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื ืฉืžืช ื”ืขื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”
ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื•ื–ืืช ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช. ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื” ืื• ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืื ื‘ื—ืงืชื™ ืชืœื›ื•
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื—ื•ืงื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืื ื‘ื—ืงืชื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ืื ืชืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืชื ืชืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืชืคืจื—ื• ื‘ื”. ืชืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืชืจืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชืคืจื•, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืฆืื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืชึทื™" ื ืืžืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช 8 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื. ืžืœื‘ื“ืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• "ืขึตืงึถื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึธืžึทืข ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืงึนืœึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึทื™ ื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึนืชึธื™" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื• ื”). ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืžื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืื ื‘ื—ืงืชื™.

ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื ื—ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœึฐื—ึตืจื•ึผืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื
ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึผึฐื—ึธื’ึผึปื”ื•ึผ
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ืคืกื— ื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช. ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื–ึดื›ึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ึผึนืชึถื ืึนืชื•ึน ื—ึทื’ ืœื”' ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึผึฐื—ึธื’ึผึปื”ื•ึผ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื“). ื›ืš ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื–, ื›ื“, ืžื’), ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืืš "ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึปืงึผึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืœึฐืžื•ึนืขึฒื“ึธื”ึผ ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืžึธื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’ ื™). ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืคืกื— ื—ื•ืง ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื.

ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช
ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืง ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืคืกื— ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื•, ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช ื›ืžื• ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืื ืœื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืชื ืชืงื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนื“ึธืขึดื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ื”ึทืžึฐื—ึทืœึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทืงึผึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึฐื‘ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนืขึฒื“ื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืŸ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื‘ึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึตืคึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึถื” ืคึธื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื›ึทื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื”, ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื, ืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ื—ึตืœึถืง ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื" (ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ ื™ื). ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“. "ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื”: ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช - ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืืœื”ื™ ืžืกื›ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืœืš' ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื™ื” 'ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืชืฉืžืจ'" (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื— ืข"ื).

ื—ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื•
ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ "ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ืชื™ื ื— ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืคืกืงื”? ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ืงืช ืขื•ืœื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืงื” ื—ืงืง ื”'" (ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื“).
ืคืขื ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืžื•"ืจ ืื‘ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืืžืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื”" ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”' ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืจื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืคืจืก ื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืื“ื•ื. ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ื•ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื• ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœื• ืœื ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื. ืœื ื”ืชืืกืœื ืื• ื”ืชื ืฆืจ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื›ื™ ืจื•ื—ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ.

ืขืžืจ ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”'
ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืฉื’ื ืขืœ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืคืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ "ื•ึฐืœึถื—ึถื ื•ึฐืงึธืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึทืจึฐืžึถืœ ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืขึทื“ ืขึถืฆึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืขึทื“ ื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ืึฒื›ึถื ืึถืช ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึผึทืŸ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’ ื™ื“).
ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืฉื—ื•ืชื ืืช ื™ืžื™ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื—ื "ื•ึผืงึฐืจึธืืชึถื ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึถืื›ึถืช ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’ ื›ื).

ืœึนื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืœึผึถื—ึถื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื
ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ. ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’): ื’ื "ืื—ืจื™ ื’ืœื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื ื—ื”, ื™ืฆื•ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื". ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืœื ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”'.
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื•ื—ืจืฉื ื• ื•ื–ืจืขื ื• ื•ืงืฆืจื ื•, ืื ื• ืžื ื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืžืจ ืชื ื•ืคื” ืœื”' ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืžืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžื™ื“ืš ื ืชื ื• ืœืš. ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืœึผึถื—ึถื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžื•ึนืฆึธื ืคึดื™ ื”' ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ื— ื’).

ื›ืคืจืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื
ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช ืœื›ื ืœื—ืงืช ืขื•ืœื
ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ืงื” ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืคืกื— ืชืฉืข ืคืขืžื™ื, ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื" ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื". ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืชืืจืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึนืจ ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืชึผึฐืขึทื ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื", ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื: "ื•ึฐืขึดื ึผึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื". ื•ื›ืŸ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื–ึผึนืืช ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื›ึทืคึผึตืจ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜ื–).
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ "ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืฃ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช ืœื›ื ืœื—ืงืช ืขื•ืœื" (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ ืชืชืงืžื“).

ืคืกื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”
ื•ื–ื” ืคืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืคืกื— ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื. ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื—ื’ ืคืกื— ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• "ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืึธืžึตืจ ืขื•ึนื“ ื—ึทื™ ื”' ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถืขึฑืœึธื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื: ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื—ึทื™ ื”' ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถืขึฑืœึธื” ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืฆึธืคื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดื“ึผึดื™ื—ึธื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื•ึทื”ึฒืฉืึดื‘ึนืชึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื" (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื˜ื– ื™ื“). ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ืžื "ืœื ืฉืชืขืงืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื” ืืœื ืฉืชื”ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื˜ืคืœ ืœื•" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืข"ื‘).

ื™ื—ื’ื’ื• ืืช ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื’ื ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• "ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ึผึนืชึถื ืึนืชื•ึน ื—ึทื’ ืœื”' ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืชึผึธื—ึนื’ึผื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’ ืžื), ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ื’ื’ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืœึฐืฉืึธืจึตืช ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึธืœึตื ื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”' ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”'" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—). "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ื‘ึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึถื—ึธื’ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืงึธื”ึธืœ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดืœึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื ื—ึฒืžึธืช ืขึทื“ ื ึทื—ึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื™ื•ึนื" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื— ืกื”).

ื˜ื”ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ื™ืฉืชื ื”. ื”ื›ืคืจื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืงื“ืžื” ืœืขื•ืœื. "ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถืจึถื ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึปืœึผึธื“ื•ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึฐื—ื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืชึตื‘ึตืœ ื•ึผืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึทืชึผึธื” ืึตืœ: ืชึผึธืฉืึตื‘ ืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื ืขึทื“ ื“ึผึทื›ึผึธื ื•ึทืชึผึนืืžึถืจ ืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆ, ื‘-ื’). ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื˜ืื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ โ€“ ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื
ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืื– ื•ืœืขื•ืœื
ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืง ื•ื—ื•ืงื” ื•ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. 32 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ ื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื—ื•ืงืช ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืื– ื•ืžืงื“ื, ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืชื™ืœื•.

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื“): "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื" โ€“ "ืฉืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื“ืžื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ืจืื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ - ื ื‘ืจืื• ื•ื›ื•'. ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ืขืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ืจืื•ืช". ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ื›ึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ืžึธืจื•ึนื ืžึตืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉืึตื ื•ึผ" (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื– ื™ื‘).

ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื‘ืจื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ื— ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื•ืฉื ื”' ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืœื ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื• ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืฉื.
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืืœ ื”' ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”' ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืจื‘. "ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื— ืžื—). ื›ื™ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืจื‘, ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช.

ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืขื•ืžื“
ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื•. ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืจื‘. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” (ืคืจืง ื– ื–) "ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืžื•ืจืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื•. ืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื•ืœื ื™ืงืœ ืจืืฉื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืชื™ ืชืฉืžื•ืจื• ื•ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ืชื™ืจืื•' ืžื” ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืœื - ืืฃ ืžื•ืจื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื. ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืขื•ืžื“".

ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
ื•ืœื ืจืง ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึผื ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐึผืžึธื” ืคึธืจึดื™ื ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ" (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื“, ื’). ืฉืœื ืชืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” "ื•ึฐื”ึธืฉืึตื‘ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึนึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืชึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดื™ ืœึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื™ึดืฉึนึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ". ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืืœื• ื”ืชื•ืก': ืžื”ื• ืชืžื™ื“? ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืชืš? ืืœื ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื›).

ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช
ืืชื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื”' ืฉื ื‘ื›ื ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื•
ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื, ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ืื“ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื’ืกื” ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื”. ื›ืฉื ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื•ืœื. ืœื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ื“ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึถืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒื“ึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ืงึฐื“ืฉืึดื™ื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื‘).

ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”'
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ื•. ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืžื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” " ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถึคื ืึถืชึพื›ึผึธืœึพื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ึ™ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื›ึผึธืœึพืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทึ”ื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถึ–ื ืึนืชึธึ‘ื ื•ึฐืœึนืึพืชึธืงึดึคื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถืึ™ ื”ึธืึธึ”ืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถึจืจ ืึฒื ึดึœื™ ืžึตื‘ึดึฅื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถึ›ื ืฉืึธึ–ืžึผึธื” ืœึธืฉืึถึฅื‘ึถืช ื‘ึผึธึฝื”ึผ: ื•ึฐืœึนึคื ืชึตึฝืœึฐื›ื•ึผึ™ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึปืงึผึนึฃืช ื”ึทื’ึผึ”ื•ึนื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืึฒื ึดึฅื™ ืžึฐืฉืึทืœึผึตึ–ื—ึท ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถึ‘ื ื›ึผึดึคื™ ืึถืชึพื›ึผึธืœึพืึตึ™ืœึผึถื”ึ™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึ”ื•ึผ ื•ึธืึธืงึปึ–ืฅ ื‘ึผึธึฝื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื› ื›ื‘-ื›ื’).
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžื™ืœื” ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ึ™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ื ื•. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื—ืงืชื™, ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”.

ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช
ื›ืš ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžึตื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืขึตื‘ึนืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืžืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื— ืœ) ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• "ื›ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื— ื’). ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืงืœืœื”.

ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”' ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: " ืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื" ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”' ื—ื™ " ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”". ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”' ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืžื ื•ืžื˜ืžื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• "ื•ึทืชึผึดื˜ึฐืžึธื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึธืึถืคึฐืงึนื“ ืขึฒื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทืชึผึธืงึดื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึถื™ื”" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื— ื›ื”. ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื› ื›ื‘).

ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” - ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื
ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ืงื” ืžื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื. "ืึดื™ืฉื ืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ืชึผึดื™ืจึธืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจื•ึผ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื’). ืชื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”' ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืจื›ืช ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช "ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจื•ึผ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื", ืื ื™ ืฉืžืชื™ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžืชื™ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื›ื.

ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตืšึฐ ืจึธื›ึดื™ืœ, ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ
ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืื“ื "ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตืšึฐ ืจึธื›ึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึถื™ืšึธ ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึทื ืจึตืขึถืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'". ืื ื”' ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื‘ืจืš, ืื™ืš ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืจืข? ืื™ืš ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืžื•? ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” "ืœึนื ืชึดืฉื‚ึฐื ึธื ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึถืšึธ ื”ื•ึนื›ึตื—ึท ืชึผื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึท ืึถืช ืขึฒืžึดื™ืชึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื—ึตื˜ึฐื: ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึนื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื˜ึผึนืจ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'". ืื ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื™, ืœื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•.

ื”ืฆื“ืง ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•
ื—ืœืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง. ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจืช ื•ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• "ืžึนืื–ึฐื ึตื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืึทื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืึตื™ืคึทืช ืฆึถื“ึถืง ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ืŸ ืฆึถื“ึถืง ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื". ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉื“ื’ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉืง ื•ืื™ ืฆื“ืง, ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืงืจื™ื” ื ืืžื ื”.

ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื™ืกื•ืœืงื• ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง
ื’ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ืงื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ืงื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื ืึนืชึธื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'". ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื”' ื‘ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื”' ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื•ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•. ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื”ืจ "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชื•ึนื ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืขึฒืžึดื™ืชื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึตืืชึธ ืžึตืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื: ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื ืึนืชึธื ื•ึดื™ืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึธื‘ึถื˜ึทื—" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื›ื” ื™ื–). ืฉืื ืœื ืชืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืืจืฅ ืชืงื™ื ืืชื›ื.
ืœื›ืŸ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืฆื“ืง ืœื’ืจ ืœื™ืชื•ื ื•ืœืืœืžื ื” ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืง ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื.

ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื“
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืžืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืœืขื“. ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืึดื ืชึผึธืคึตืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”ึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึดืชึผึธื". ืื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืจื— ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ืื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื–ืจื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื, " ื’ึผึทื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืชึปืคึทืจ ืึถืช ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืžึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ื‘ึตืŸ ืžึนืœึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึดืกึฐืื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืชึธื™" (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืคืจืง ืœื’).

ื”' ืœื ืžืืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
ื•ืœื ืจืง ื“ื•ื“, ืืœื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืงื•ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”'. ื”ืขืžื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”' ืžืืก ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ื”' ืžืืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื•. "ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืจึธืึดื™ืชึธ ืžึธื” ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื—ื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจ ื”' ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืึธืกึตื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดื ึฐืึธืฆื•ึผืŸ ืžึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนื“ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื". ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืึดื ืœึนื ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ืฉื‚ึธืžึฐืชึผึดื™: ื’ึผึทื ื–ึถืจึทืข ื™ึทืขึฒืงื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืึถืžึฐืึทืก ืžึดืงึผึทื—ึทืช ืžึดื–ึผึทืจึฐืขื•ึน ืžึนืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื–ึถืจึทืข ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืชึธื ื•ึฐืจึดื—ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ื".

ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื
ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ืคืจืง ื›): "ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ืขึทืœ ืจื•ึผื—ึฒื›ึถื ื”ึธื™ื•ึน ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื›ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช ืœึฐืฉืึธืจึตืช ืขึตืฅ ื•ึธืึธื‘ึถืŸ". ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื’ื ืื ืœื ืชืจืฆื•. "ื—ึทื™ ืึธื ึดื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืึดื ืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจื•ึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึตืžึธื” ืฉืึฐืคื•ึผื›ึธื” ืึถืžึฐืœื•ึนืšึฐ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื". ืื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืงึดื‘ึผึทืฆึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึฐืคื•ึนืฆื•ึนืชึถื ื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจื•ึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึตืžึธื” ืฉืึฐืคื•ึผื›ึธื”".

ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื™ ืื˜ื”ืจ ืืชื›ื
ื‘ืื“ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื˜ื”ืจ ืืชื›ื. "ื•ึฐื–ึธืจึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืžึทื™ึดื ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื•ึผื˜ึฐื”ึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื˜ึปืžึฐืื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึดืœึผื•ึผืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื: ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึตื‘ ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึธื” ืึถืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื›ึถื ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดืจึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืœึตื‘ ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึทืจึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึตื‘ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ: ื•ึฐืึถืช ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ืึถืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึปืงึผึทื™ ืชึผึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึถื" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื•).
ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืฆื” "ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื‘ึถื˜ ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืกึนืจึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช: ื•ึผื‘ึธืจื•ึนืชึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึถื ื”ึทืžึผึนืจึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึผื•ึนืฉืึฐืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐื’ื•ึผืจึตื™ื”ึถื ืื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชึธื ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›). ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืชื‘ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.

ื‘ึทึผื—ึฒืœื•ึนื ืึฒื“ึทื‘ึถึผืจ ื‘ึผื•ึน
ืกื™ืคืจื” ืฉืจื” ืื‘ื™ืฉื’ ืงื•ืจืŸ: ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืงื”ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ. ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืœืจื‘. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืžื ื™ ืฉืื›ื ื™ืก ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื” ืœืจื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคื ื” ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืื—ื“. ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืกืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ.
ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื ื” ืœืจื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืจืื” ืืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉืืงืฆืจ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืจืง ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืจื” ืœืฉื ืฉืจื™ืช. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ื ืฉืžืชื™. ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ื•ืขื ื” ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื–ื™ื•ื•ื’.
ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื“ื•ืื’, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™.
ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื™ื™ืคื”, ื•ืฉืœื ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ืกื. ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืš ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืžื• ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืœืžื” ืขื ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื”ื‘ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•.
ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื‘, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืขืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื•ืฆื”.
ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืขืœืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
ื”ืจื‘ ืื—ื– ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ื•ืก ืขื ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืจืื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื•ืก. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื—ื™ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืœืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” "ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื" ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื. ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจืžื” ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”' ืžื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ื•ืจื ืื•ืชื• ืžืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ, ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืคืกื•ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™.

ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืช . ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื”? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื—ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ?
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ืขืจืš ืจื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช. ื’ื ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืžื• ืขื™ืกื” ื•ืœื—ื โ€“ ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ืื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช . ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืงื‘ืœื”?
ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื™ืื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”'. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืจืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืœืžื•ื“, ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืงื“ื•ึผืฉื” . ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืœืคื ื”, ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ "ืขื–ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”". ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืื‘ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขื•ื“ื“ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื–ืขื–ืขืช. ื”ืจื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ืขืงื•ืช ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ื ืฉืžื”!! ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืื™ืš ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจ?
ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”. ื•ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื”. ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ืŸ, ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il