ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช
  • ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
(ืžืชื•ืš ื—"ื”)


ื•ื™ื ื”, ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” Vienna, Austria
ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืก"ื‘

ืฉืืœื”
ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืช? [ืงืฉืจ, ืชืื•ืจื”, ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืžืฆืœืžื”, ืฉืขืจ ืžื’ืœื” ืžืชื›ื•ืช, ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช, ืื–ืขืงื” ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘].


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™-ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ:
ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ-ืงืฉืจ โ€“ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื‘-ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื (ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื•, ืœื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื“ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื•ื›ื•'). ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ื•ืฅ (ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ), ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืš ืื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช 1 . ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืš ื•ืจืง 2 ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื 3 .
ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ-ื”ืงืฉืจ ืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ 4 . ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื˜ืขื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ 5 .




^ 1.ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจืš, ื›ืžื• ืขื’ืœืช-ื ื›ื™ื, ื’ืœืื™-ืžืชื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื–ืจื (ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™) ืžื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืกื‘ืจืช "ื‘ื•ื ื”" ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•"ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืœื ืœื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื”".

^ 2.ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ-ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”"ืžืฉื‘ืช" ื ืกื’ืจ ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื“ "ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื–ืจื" (ืขืœ ืคื™ "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" ื”ื "ืœ) ืื• ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื•ื ื”/ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื ื (ืขืœ-ืคื™ "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ-ืื™"ืฉ" ื”ื "ืœ). ืืžื ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื "ืชื•ืกืคืช ื–ืจื" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช) ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจ-ื”ืงืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืœื•ืง ื•ื–ืจื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ื’ื ื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืจืง ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื–ืจืžืช ื–ืจื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืขืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืจื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืžืฆื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืืœื ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื–ืจื, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืก' "ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”" (ืคืจืง ืœื‘ ืกืข' ืžื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ. [ืืžื ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืงืคื™ืฆื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืืคื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ื—ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข (ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ-ืื™"ืฉ"), ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœืžืœื ื›ื•ื—ื•, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื ืคืกืง (ืฉืœื ื›ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ), ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื“ื ืฉืกื•ื—ื˜ ืกืคื•ื’ ื‘ืœื•ืข ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช, ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื—ื™ื–ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืœื”ืจืคื•ืช ืžืื—ื™ื–ืชื•. ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืื ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ื—ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข, ืœื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื–ืจื โ€“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื–ืจื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื–ืจื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ-ืื™"ืฉ" ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ืืœื ืจืง ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื "ื™ืชืคืจืง" ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฆืžื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข. ื•ืกืžืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืงื ื ืข"ื‘): โ€ฆ"ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื”, ืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืกืคืกืœ โ€ฆ ืœื ืฉืชืขืœื” ืืœื ืฉืœื ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ", ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืžืชื’ ืงืคื™ืฆื™ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืชื’ ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื ืื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ" (ื—"ื• ืกื™' ื•, ื˜ื•) ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ" (ื—"ื• ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืœื•) ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ืœืฉืขื”, (ืืš ื’ื ื™ืฉื ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ). ื•ืืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™"ืฉ" ื”ื "ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” "ื‘ื ื™ืŸ" ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืขื ื”ืจืคื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื™ืชืคืจืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘"ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”" (ืคืจืง ืž ื”ืขืจื” ื ื˜), ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™"ืฉ" ืขืฆืžื• (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื ื‘, ื‘) ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืฆืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืื•ื—ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœ]. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ-ืงืฉืจ. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ืŸ "ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื" ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ืœื™ืงืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช (ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืช, ืชื›ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ืจื”). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ืช "LED" (ื”ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ื›ื™ืžื™, ืœืœื ื—ื•ื˜ ืœื”ื˜) ืฉื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืชืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจืš. ืื ืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืจื” ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ ืœื”ื˜ ืื• ืฉื“ืœื™ืงืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื, ืœืจืž"ื ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื” ,ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— (ืกื™' ืฉื™ื“ ืกืข' ื) ื•"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื) ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืกื™' ืฉื˜ื– ืกืข' ื’) ื•ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื˜ื•) ื•ื‘"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" (ืก"ืง ื™ื—), ื•ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืกื™' ืฉืž ืกืข' ื’) ื•ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื–), ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืคืกื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื" ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.

^ 3.ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืื ืฉื™-ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช. ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืกื“ืจื™-ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืš ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ "ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ" ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื˜ื™ืจื—ื ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ (ืฉื•"ืช "ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื”" ืกื™' ื–). ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืก' ืฉื‘ืช (ืžื‘ ืข"ื) ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื—ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช-ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื’ื—ืœืช ื”ื™ื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ - ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ื•ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื‘ื”. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื–ื” ืคืกืง ื‘"ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”" (ืคืจืง ืžื ืกืข' ื›ื‘) ืฉื”ืจื•ืื” ื—ื•ื˜-ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉื ืงืจืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื” ืกื›ื ืช-ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื–ืขื™ืง ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืœ ื™ื’ืขื• (ื•ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืคืจืง ืœื‘ ืกืข' ืขื“). ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ("ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™" ืกื™' ื™ื–) ืœืžื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, (ืœื“ืขืชื• ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช-ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฉื), ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ืขืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืกื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœืชืŸ.

^ 4.ืจื•ื‘ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™-ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™-ื”ืงืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.

^ 5.ืœื ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ื’ืžืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ, ืฉื™ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ", ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ", ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืš. ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ืกื™' ืฉื›ื— ื”ืขืจื” ืœื”), ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ (ืืš ืœื ืขื“ ืžื•ืฆืื™-ืฉื‘ืช), ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื. ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื™ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง, ื“ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ. ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื•ื”ื™ "ื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ืืชื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื˜ืขื ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื ื".



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