ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื
  • ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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206
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 62 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš

ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ืื•ืœื”



ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืžืงื“ืฉ



ืคืจืฉืช "ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช" ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื โ€“ "ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื ืŸ ืืจืื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืจืช" โ€“  ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™. ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœื ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช, ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื”.


ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืื ืœื ื ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.


ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• (710)
ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
517 - ื•ึฐืจื•ึนืึดื™ืŸ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทืึฒื•ึดื™ืจึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึตื—ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนื“ึธื™ึธื”
518 - ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื’ืื•ืœื”
519 - ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึตื ืœื•ึนืžึฐื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืกื•ึนื“ึถืšึธ
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“

ื›ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ



ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื•: "ื›ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ". ื›ืฉืื“ื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื ื”ื ื ื–ืจืงื• ืžื”ืืจืฅ.


ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื ืขืŸ ื•ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื: ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื ืฉื—ื˜ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื ื— ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื”ืชืงืœืœ. ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืงืœื•ืงืœืช ื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ื. ืื™ืš ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ ืžื ืกื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกื“ื•ื ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ื‘ ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื ืื•ื ืก ืืช ื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ืžืชืืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืชืงืœืœื™ื ื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื. ื›ืืŸ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื ื• "ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืื” ืืช ื›ื ืขืŸ ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื•.


ืื—ื™ื ืœืฆืจื”



ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืชื•ืขื‘ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื›ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืงืœื™ืื•ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ืื—ื™ื” ืชืœืžื™, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืฆื— ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื”ืื— ืชืœืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืชื•ืช ืขื ื—' ืืžื•ืŸ ื ืœื“ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื ืฉื ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื•. ืžืงื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื ืžืฆื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื• ืจืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ืžืžื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ื›ืœ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.


ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ื—ื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืชื—ืชื ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื. ืคืคื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืžืคืงื“ ืจื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื— ื•ืื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ืื‘ ื•ืื.


ื”ื“ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”



ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืงืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืืฆื˜ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ืจืฆื• ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ืžื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื.


ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื”ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจื“ ืจืง ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื”ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ืช ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืกื‘ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืžื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ืืคืฉืจื” ืืช ืงืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืฆื™ืขื”. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง, ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ื ื ื™ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื.


ืžื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืช, ืฉืคื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืžื•ื˜ื” ืฉืžืžื ื” ืกื‘ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื” ืงืจืœื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืœืš ืกืคืจื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื™ื•. ืงืจืœื•ืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืงืจ ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจื“ ืœืœื ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื•ืกื™ื‘ืš ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืฉื "ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช".


โ€ƒ


ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ



ืชืฉืขื” ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื ื•ืช ื ื˜ืœื• ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื



ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืžืฉืคื˜ "ื•ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืฉืžื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื•". ื•ื”ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื? "ืืœื ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื". ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืจืง ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจืžื” ืœืงืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืš. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื˜ ืข"ื‘) ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืงึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื–ึฐื ื•ึผืช ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ื ึธื˜ึฐืœึธื” ืขึทืจึฐื‘ึธื™ึธื ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน". ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ืจืžื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืคื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ื.


ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”'



ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื™ื ืžืœื™ื“ื”, ื‘ื’'ื™ืกืจ ื-ื–ืจืงื ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ื‘ืจื•ื–ื™ืก. ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืืขื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงื ื™ื. ื‘ืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืžื—ืœืช ื˜ื™ื™-ื–ืงืก. ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื-ื–ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืžื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995 ื”ื™ื” 11% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืงืœื ืกื•ื•ืื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืจืฉื•ืช, ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื˜ื™ืจื” ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”'.


ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื



ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™" ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ. "ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžื” ืœื ื• ืœืฉื•ืžืจืŸ, ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื". ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”' "ืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื". ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ื•ืงื”" ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื. "ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'".


ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื”' ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•. ืจืง ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื—ืจื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื ืง ื•ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืืœื•ืงื™ื ื™ืฆืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ืกื‘ื•ืœ.


ืžืกืชืจื™ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”



ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื“ื



ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืคืœื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืฆืžื—. ืชื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืฉื ืงืจื ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™. ื”ืชื ื”ื–ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื›ืคืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื•. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื ืชื ืขืฆื ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืชื ืฉืจื™ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ ืื• ื“ื, ืœืคื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื“ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืงื ื”ื—ื™ ืฉืžืชืื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ืฆืžื— ืื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™.


ื”ืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ ืชืื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืืฆืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื”ื ืงื‘ื”. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื—ื™ืœืง ืชื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื• ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืชืื—ื“ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื•ืžื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™.


ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ืจืื™ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ืชืื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ืืฆืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืคื’ื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื—ื™ื, ื”ืคื’ื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ื ืžืฆื ืืฆืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืš ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืคื’ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื—ืกื“ื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœืื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ.


ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื



ื’ื ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืชืื™ื ื ืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ืงืœ ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืขืฆื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœืขืฆื™ื ื ืงื‘ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืขืฅ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื ืชืื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืชืื™ื ื ืงื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื ืฉืœ ืื“ื. ื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืžื— ื›ืœ ืชื ื–ื›ืจื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืชื ื ืงื‘ื™ ืžืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืขืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื”ืขืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืขืœื™ื•.


ื›ืš ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื. ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ื“-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื ื ืกื™ื ืื• ืขืฆื™ ืขื ืง. ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจ ื•ื”ืงืคื•ื ืื• ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ื”, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง.


ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ ืœืชื ื”ื ืงื‘ื™ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืฆื•ืฃ ืื• ืคืจื™ ืื• ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ืื—ืจ. ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.


ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ืื‘ืงื” ืขื ืชืื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื™ื. ื”ืคืจืคืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืคืจื— ืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื’ื ืžืžื ื• ืฆื•ืฃ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืœืชื ื”ื ืงื‘ื™ ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”. ื’ื ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•. ื›ืš ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš.


ื”ื—ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื



ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืขื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ืืœื ืจืง ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืขื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืžืื•ืชื” ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื’ื ืคื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ื–ืืช. ื’ื ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื“ื’ื™ื, ื’ื ื—ืจืงื™ื, ื’ื ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื’ื ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ืจืง ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•. ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฆืืฆืื™ื. ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.


ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื”ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ื ืงื‘ื” ืžืœื”ืงื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ืœื ื ืงื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื ืงื‘ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืข ืชื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืจืง ืขื ืฆื‘ื•ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืœื”ืงืชื”. ื›ืš ื—ืชื•ืœื™ ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื”ืืžื ื•ืžื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช.


ื”ืœืžื•ืจื™ื (ืงื•ืคื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื) ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื™ื—, ื•ื›ืš ืžืชืจื—ืงืช ื ืงื‘ืช ื”ืœืžื•ืจ ืžืื—ื™ื”  ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”. ื’ื ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืื™ืชื. ืื ื ืงื‘ืช ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืื—ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืžื–ืจ ื•ืœื ืชืœื“ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื ืคื’ืžื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.


ื›ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ืฉืžืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืœื—ืชืŸ ืื— ื•ืื—ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืื™ืฉื”. ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืžื™ื”ื• ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื›ื ืžืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.


ื•ึทืชึผึดื˜ึฐืžึธื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึธืึถืคึฐืงึนื“ ืขึฒื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทืชึผึธืงึดื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ



ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืช



ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื•ืžื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื™ืื” ืืช ืืœื” ืฉื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื˜ึผึทืžึผึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื ึดื˜ึฐืžึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐืฉืึทืœึผึตื—ึท ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื: ื•ึทืชึผึดื˜ึฐืžึธื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึธืึถืคึฐืงึนื“ ืขึฒื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทืชึผึธืงึดื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึถื™ื”ึธ". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”' ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ "ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึทืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืขึตื‘ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืงึดื™ื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึทืžึผึทืึฒื›ึถื ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืงึธืึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื". ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ืื–ื”ืจืช ื”' ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื™ื‘ื (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื˜ื–, ื›ื‘, ื›ื’) ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืืจืฅ "ื•ึทื”ึฒืคึดื™ืฆื•ึนืชึดึคื™ ืื•ึนืชึธืšึฐึ™ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึ”ื ื•ึฐื–ึตืจึดื™ืชึดึ–ื™ืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธืึฒืจึธืฆึ‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึทื”ึฒืชึดืžึผึนืชึดึฅื™ ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธืชึตึ–ืšึฐ ืžึดืžึผึตึฝืšึฐ" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื‘).


ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ืœื”ืงืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื



ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืžืžื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืคื ื™ื. ืจืง ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืคื™ ืจืื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ื—ื™ืืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•. "ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึธื ึธื” ื—ึดื™ืึตืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึดื™ ืึถืช ื™ึฐืจึดื™ื—ึนื” ื‘ึผึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืจื•ึน ื™ึดืกึผึฐื“ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉื‚ึฐื’ื•ึผื‘ ืฆึฐืขึดื™ืจื•ึน ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ื‘ ื“ึผึฐืœึธืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”' ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ื‘ึผึดืŸ ื ื•ึผืŸ" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื, ื˜ื– ืœื“).


ื‘ื ื™ื—ื•ื ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืื—ืื‘ ืืช ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•: ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืืœ ืžืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงืœืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืืœื™ื”ื•: ื›ืŸ. ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืื—ืื‘: ืื ื”ืงืœืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืš ื”ืงืœืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช? ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ืฉื‘ืข ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืจื“ ื’ืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืขืฉื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจืกื.


ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืžืœืš ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืžื• ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ ื”' ืžืืจื™ืš ืืคื• ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจื—ื‘ ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”' ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืคื”, ื•ืืœื” ืฉืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืคื” โ€“ ืžื•ึผืงึธืึดื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ.


ืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ



ืœึนื ืชึดื’ึทึผืข ื‘ึผื•ึน ื™ึธื“



ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. "ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื“ึทึผืช ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐืจึทื‘" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—, ื™ื˜); "ืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธื”" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื— ื•). ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืืžืจื• "ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”". ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื’ื•ืข ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืืฉื” ืฉืœื ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืื”.


ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ



ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช, "ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึนื ืชึตืœึตื›ื•ึผ". ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•: ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื? ื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื–ื™ืžื”: "ืึถืœึผึธื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื ึฐืžื•ึผืกื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœึผึธื”ึถืŸ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึทื—ึธืงึผื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ื˜ึทืจึฐื˜ึดื™ืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึดืฆึฐื˜ึฐื“ึตืื•ึนืช". ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆื•ืคื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืงืœืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื ืกืจืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.


ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื”ืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื“ื ื—ื›ื ืœื ื™ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืคืชื” ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ืœืง: "ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื ืฉืึถืœ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืฉื‚ื•ึนื ึตื ื–ึดืžึผึธื” ื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐื”ึตื ืžึดืชึฐืึทื•ึผึดื™ื ืœึดื›ึฐืœึตื™ ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืŸ, ื‘ึผื•ึนื ื•ึทืึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ืขึตืฆึธื”, ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืงึฐืœึธืขึดื™ื (ืื”ืœื™ื), ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ื–ึฐืงึตื ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึทื—ื•ึผืฅ ื•ึฐื™ึทืœึฐื“ึผึธื” (ืฆืขื™ืจื”) ืžึดื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื™ึดืžึฐื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืŸ. ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืงึฐืœึธืขึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึทืจ ืฉืึถืœึถื’ ืขึทื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทื™ึฐืฉืึดื™ืžื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ื–ึฐืงึตื ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึทื—ื•ึผืฅ ื•ึฐื™ึทืœึฐื“ึผึธื” (ืฆืขื™ืจื”) ืžึดื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึดื™ื. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืื•ึนื›ึฐืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืชึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึตื—ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ืœึฐื˜ึทื™ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึผืง, ืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ืœื•ึน ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืงึตื ึธื”: ืึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ื›ึผึฐืœึตื™ ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืŸ? ื–ึฐืงึตื ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื•ึถื” (ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ), ื•ึฐื™ึทืœึฐื“ึผึธื” ืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืคึธื—ื•ึนืช ืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื".


ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื‘ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ื•ืื– ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื ื ืœื ื˜ืจืฃ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ: ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืœื•ื. "ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ืœื•ึน, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืฉืึตื‘, ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืจ ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึฐืšึธ, ื•ึฐืฆึทืจึฐืฆื•ึผืจึตื™ ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึทื™ึดืŸ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนื ึดื™ ืžึปื ึผึธื— ืึถืฆึฐืœึธื”ึผ. ื•ึทืขึฒื“ึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึนื ื ึถืึฑืกึทืจ ื™ึทื™ึดืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนื‘ึฐื“ึตื™ ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื, ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน, ืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื›ึผื•ึนืก ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึทื™ึดืŸ?" ืืชื” ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช, ืชืื›ืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืชืฉืชื” ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืชื” ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื ื™. "ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธืชึธื”, ื‘ึผึธืขึทืจ ื‘ึผื•ึน. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึผ, ื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึดื™ ืœึดื™".


ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœื’ื•ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืจ. "ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธื” ื™ึดืจึฐืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื—ึตื™ืงึธื”ึผ, ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน, ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืœึธื–ึถื”. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึผ, ื”ึฒืœึนื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™! ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน, ื•ึผืžึธื” ืึดื›ึฐืคึผึทืช ืœึฐืšึธ? ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึผึฐืฉืึดื™ื ืžึดืžึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืœึผึธื ืคึผึดืขื•ึผืจ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฉืึถืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืšึฐ". ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ื• ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขื•ึนื“, ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึดื™ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธืชึฐืšึธ, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืชึผึดื›ึฐืคึผึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึทืช ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึฐืšึธ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื˜) 'ื”ึตืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ื‘ึทืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืขื•ึนืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึทื‘ึผึนืฉืึถืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืฉืึดืงึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืึธื”ึณื‘ึธื'" (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื• ืข"ื).


ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื



ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื• ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ื•ืฉื™ืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“. "ืชึผึธื ึตื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ ืึตืœึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ: ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื”, ื•ึฐืฉืึดืžึผึตืฉื ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื™ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื”, ื•ึผืžึตืช ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื•. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึน ื ื•ึนื˜ึถืœึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึทื–ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึธืชึผึตื™ ื›ึฐื ึตืกึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื‘ึธืชึผึตื™ ืžึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉืื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื: ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึนืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ, ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœึดื™ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื”, ื•ึฐืฉืึดืžึผึตืฉื ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื™ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” - ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึธื” ืžึตืช ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื•? ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึธื“ึธื ืžึทื—ึฐื–ึดื™ืจึธื”ึผ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ. ืคึผึทืขึทื ืึทื—ึทืช ื ึดืชึฐืึธืจึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืฆึฐืœึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืžึฐืกึดื™ื—ึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึฐืึนืจึธืข. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึตื”ึผ: ื‘ึผึดืชึผึดื™, ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื ึดื“ึผื•ึผืชึตืšึฐ ืžึทื” ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืฆึฐืœึตืšึฐ? ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœึดื™: ื—ึทืก ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืฆึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืงึฐื˜ึทื ึผึธื” ืœึนื ื ึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึดื™. - ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึผื ึตืšึฐ ืžึทื”ื•ึผ ืึถืฆึฐืœึตืšึฐ? - ืึธื›ึทืœ ืขึดืžึผึดื™, ื•ึฐืฉืึธืชึธื” ืขึดืžึผึดื™, ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึทืŸ ืขึดืžึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืงึตืจื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึธืœึฐืชึธื” ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึทื—ึตืจ. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึตื”ึผ: ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึธื’ื•ึน, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึธืฉื‚ึธื ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืœึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื“ึผึทืช ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐืจึทื‘" (ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื’ ืข"ื).


ืขืฆื ื”ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืฆื” ื˜ื–). ืืžื ื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืœื” ืœื ืืกื•ืจื” (ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื” ืก"ืง ื ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื—"ื ืกื™' ื‘'). ืื‘ืœ ืกึทืคึผึธืจ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืฉื”, ื–ื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ืืกื•ืจื” (ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ - ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื).


ื•ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื "ื“ืจื›ื™ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ืขื" ื•ืืœื—ืฅ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉื˜ืช ืœื™, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืžื•ืื‘ื™ื” ืฉืžื›ืจื” ืœื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ืจื™ ืคื™ ืคื—ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ืืœ ืชืชืงืจื‘ ืœืืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืืฉืชืš.


ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืืžืจ "ื”ืžื—ื‘ืง ืื• ื”ืžื ืฉืง ืื—ืช ืžื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื ื•ืงืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ื - ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื”ื ืื” ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ืคืฉื™ื" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื›ื ื–).


ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื ึฐืงึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืžึตื”' ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ



ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื”, ืื• ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, "ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืึตื™ื ึธื ื—ึฒืฉืื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผืคึฐืจื•ึผืฆึดื™ื ืึดื ืœึนื ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœ ืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืจึธื” ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึตื ื”ึดื–ึฐืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืฉืึถืชึผึฐื˜ึทื™ึผึตืœ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึตื ืœึนื ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึผื’ ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึทืช ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื - ื”ึธื ื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ืึดื™ื›ึผึธื ืœึฐื–ื•ึผืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื–ึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืžึตืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื–ึฐืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจื•ึนืช ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ. ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ืœึฐื–ื•ึผืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ึดื ืžึตืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืžึธืœึตื ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึตืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื ึฐืงึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืžึตื”' ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื).


ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืจืื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื



ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”"ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™" ื›ื™ ืื ืื“ื ื ื›ืฉืœ ื•ืจืื” ืื™ืฉื” ืœื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื™ืชืขื ื” ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืชืขื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื–ื”: "ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ื ึดื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช ื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐืžึธื—ึธืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืขึทื“ ืฆึตืืช ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึฐืชึทืงึผึตืŸ ืžึธื” ืฉืึถืคึผึธื’ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืึฒืกื•ึผืจึธื” ืขึฒืœึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึดืกึผื•ึผืจ ืขึฒืจึธื™ื•ึนืช. ื•ึดื™ื”ึดื™ ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืœึผึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ื—ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื•ึผืžึฐืงึปื‘ึผึธืœ ื•ึผืžึฐืจึปืฆึผึถื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืขื•ึผื˜ ื—ึถืœึฐื‘ึตื™ ื•ึผื“ึฐืžึตื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึดืชึฐืžึทืขึตื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึดืงึฐืจึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ื• ืขึทืœ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืšึธ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืœึฐืชึทืงึผึตืŸ ืคึผึฐื’ึทื ืขึฒื•ึนืŸ ื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืึฒืกื•ึผืจึธื” ืขึธืœึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึดืกึผื•ึผืจ ืขึฒืจึธื™ื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐืชึทืฆึผึดื™ืœึตื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึทื—ึฒืกึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผื•ึผืœ ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทื ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืจึธืึธื”. ื•ึฐืชึดื ึฐื—ึธืœึตื ึดื™ ื—ึตืœึถืง ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื•ึผึทื ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทื•ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึฐืื•ึผื™ื•ึนืช ืœึฐื›ึทื•ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึทืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช ื•ึดื™ื”ึดื™ ื ึนืขึทื ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ'".


ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื ื–ื›ื” ื•ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• "ื™ึฐืงึดื™ืžึฐืšึธ ื”' ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืขึทื ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืœึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื•: ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืžึผึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึตื ื”' ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึฐืื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึถืšึผึธ". ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.


ืกื™ืคื•ืจ


ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•



ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›"ืฅ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•", ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช. ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.


ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื›"ืฅ: ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืขื ื”ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืœืกืคืจ "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•" ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืœื• ื•ืจื—ื™ืžื• ื“ืคืงืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืช. ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืœื•. ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืื– ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘: ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื•ื ืืœื™.


ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื“ืฃ, ื”ืœื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื ื™ืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ืขื–ืจื, ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืž"ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืฆืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ.


ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืขืœื” ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื”, ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืขื ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืขื ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื“ืชื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื•", ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”', ื›ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžืœื ื•, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืจืืฉืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื•ืืจ.


ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืคืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ื—ืž"ื“ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื“ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืง ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื– ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื”ืคืš ื•ืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืจืง ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.


 


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”



ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ืื™ืš ืื“ื ื™ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื•?


ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•. ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืื ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”.


 


 


ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื ื“ืชื™ื™ื, ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™?


ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืš, ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืคื” ื•ื ืขื™ืžื”, ืœืงืจื‘ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื•. ืขื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืฆืจื”.


 


 


 


ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืขื•ื’ ืขืœื™ื”ื? ื”ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกื,  ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.


 ืื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืขื’, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืจืื•ื™. ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœืขื’ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืื•ืชื.

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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il