ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืžืืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ืžื˜ื•ืช
undefined
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื›ื) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ืืจืฆื• ('ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™' ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื™ื‘ื•ืง). ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื™ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื• ืืช ืฆื‘ืื• ื•ื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ืืจืฆื•. ืืžื ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืช ืฆื‘ื ืขื•ื’ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืงืจืืชื, ืืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ืขื•ื’ ('ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™' ืฉืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื•ืง, ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ) ื ืขืฉื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื ืฉื”:
"ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึธื›ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึฐื“ึปื”ึธ ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืจึถืฉื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืœึฐืžึธื›ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ: ื•ึฐื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึนื“ ืึถืช ื—ึทื•ึผึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืชึฐื”ึถืŸ ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ: ื•ึฐื ึนื‘ึทื— ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึนื“ ืึถืช ืงึฐื ึธืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœึธื” ื ึนื‘ึทื— ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึน:" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘, ืœื˜-ืžื‘).

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื’ืœืขื“ (ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™), ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืžืฉื” 'ื ืชืŸ' ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœืขื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ืœื ื—ืœืชื. ืืš ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืš ืืฆืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื•ืืฆืœ ื ื•ื‘ื—. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื "ืš ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื’ื ืฉื ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืœืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืžื•ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื‘ื—?
ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึธื”ึผ" ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื "ืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืืชื™ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ืžึทืคึผึดื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืช ื”"ื, ืื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืœื ืžึทืคึผึดื™ืง ("ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœึธื” ื ึนื‘ึทื— ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึน"). ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื "ืš ื‘ืœื ืžึทืคึผึดื™ืง ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกืžืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืงื™ื•ื. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึธื”" ืžื•ืฉืžืขืช ื‘ืœื ืžึทืคึผึดื™ืง ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืžืขืช ื›ืžื• "ืœึธื" ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื "ื ื•ื‘ื—" ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื?

ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื ื—ืœืช ืขื•ื’, ื•ื”ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื ื•ื‘ื—
ื”ืฉื "ื ื•ื‘ื—" ืžื•ืฉืžื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืžืœื›ืช ืขื•ื’, ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื’, ื’-ื˜ื•):
"ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึตื ื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ืึถืช ืขื•ึนื’ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ... ื•ึทื ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึนื“ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึธืจึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืงึดืจึฐื™ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ืขื•ึนื’ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ: ื›ึผึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึปืจึนืช ื—ื•ึนืžึธื” ื’ึฐื‘ึนื”ึธื” ื“ึผึฐืœึธืชึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ื—ึท ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ ืžึตืขึธืจึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื–ึดื™ ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ืžึฐืึนื“... ื•ึฐื™ึถืชึถืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ืขื•ึนื’ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ืฉืึตื‘ึถื˜ ื”ึทืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ื›ึผึนืœ ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึฐืคึธืึดื™ื: ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ืœึธืงึทื— ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืขึทื“ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืจึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒื›ึธืชึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึนืชึธื ืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: ื•ึผืœึฐืžึธื›ึดื™ืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“:"

ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉ"ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืขื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉ'ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจ' ืฉื‘'ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื‘' ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ". ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ื‘ื—?

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื”
ืคืชื— ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืคืจืฅ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ื ื‘,ื›ื-ื›ื’):
"ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื ื—ึถืฆึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึทืช ืžึธื›ึดื™ืจ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐืงึธื—ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึทืชึผึตืœึถื“ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช ืฉื‚ึฐื’ื•ึผื‘: ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐื’ื•ึผื‘ ื”ื•ึนืœึดื™ื“ ืึถืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืœื•ึน ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ื’ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืจ ื•ึทืึฒืจึธื ืึถืช ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื ืึถืช ืงึฐื ึธืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืžึธื›ึดื™ืจ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“:"

ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื ืฉ'ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื 'ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื‘', ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืžืฆื“ ืื‘ื™ื• (ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื• ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื ืฉื”. ื•ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• "ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“". ื•ืžื”ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืฉื‘ื’ืœืขื“ - ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ื’ืœืขื“. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ - ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœ'ืงื ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”' ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ื‘ื—. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžืŸ โ€“ ืžืฉื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืŸ 'ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจ' ื•ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื’ื 'ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื‘', ื•'ืืจื’ื•ื‘' ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืงืฉื” ื•ื—ื–ืง 1 . ืืžื ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื) ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” 'ืœืงื—' ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” 'ืœื›ื“' ื ื•ื‘ื—? ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื ื—ืœืช ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ (ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื ื—ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืง), ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืœืขืฆืžื. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื• ื’ื ืืช ืฆื‘ื ืขื•ื’ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืงืจืืชื, ืืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœืช ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ (ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ) ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช 'ื—ืฆื™ ืžื ืฉื”'. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™ื–,ื): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืจึธืœ ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึผึตื” ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื›ื•ึนืจ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืœึฐืžึธื›ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื•ึนืจ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ืึฒื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ".

ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช 'ื—ืฆื™ ืžื ืฉื”' ื ื›ืœืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ ื•ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ 2 , ื•ื”ื ื ืงืจืื• 'ื‘ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ' ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘. ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื ื›ืœืœื• ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ื•ื‘ื—. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘, ืžื) ืฉื ื•ื‘ื— ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”, ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ื— ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื. 'ื‘ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ' (ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ ื•ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™) ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉื™ืžืชื, ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ืœื ื—ืœืชื, ื•ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืžืฉื” 'ื ืชืŸ' ('ืื™ืฉืจ') ืœ'ืžื›ื™ืจ' ืืช ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ืœื ื—ืœืชื. ืืš ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืžืฉื” 'ื ืชืŸ' ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ื ื•ื‘ื— ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžืฉื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื•ื ื•ื‘ื— ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืžืฉื” ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึธื”" ื‘ืœื ืžึทืคึผึดื™ืง
'ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื‘' ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืกืชืคื— ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” 3 , ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฆื™ื“ื•ืง ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ื•ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉื‘ื˜ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉื 'ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”'. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชืคื— ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื™ืฆื ื•ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขื ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืื–ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื’ืœืขื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื“ื•ืง ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ืืš ื™ืื™ืจ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื ืกืคื— ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื•ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืขื“. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ 'ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื' ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื" ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ื›ืคืจื™ื”ื". ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”.

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื•ื‘ื— ื™ืฆื ืขื ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช 'ืงื ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”' (ืฉื”ื™ื• 'ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืจื•ืช' ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ), ื•ื ื•ื‘ื— ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืงืจื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืื‘ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ "ื ื•ื‘ื—". ืืžื ื ื”ืื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœึธื” ื ึนื‘ึทื— ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึน", ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึธื”" ื‘ืœื ืžืคื™ืง ื”"ื, ื•ืžืจืžื–ืช ืฉื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ืœื”.

ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื
ื ื•ื‘ื— ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืกืชื›ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ 'ืงื ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”' ืฉื”ื™ื• 'ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจ' ืžื‘ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ื— ืจืื” ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•. ืืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ื. ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืฉื›ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืœื•ื™ ืื—ื™ ื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ื ืขืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื›ื ื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื ืก ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื ื™ื•, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ืก ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ: "ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉืึฐื›ึถื ืึทื—ึทื“ ืขึทืœ ืึทื—ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึดื™ึผึทื“ ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื—,ื›ื‘). ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืžืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื”ื ื—ืจื‘ื• ื•ืงืฉืชื•) ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื ืก ื”ืžืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืฉืœื—; ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืฆื–,ื•). ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ืฆืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ื ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ. ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ื™ื—ื•ืกื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ื•ื–ืืช "ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืชืŸ" (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืขื•,ื‘).
ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื”' ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืฉืœืœ ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื,ื›ื–). ื•ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœืœ ืžื‘ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื’ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื”.
ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” (ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื•ืงืจื ืœื• "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ", ื•ื ื•ื‘ื— (ื‘ื ื•) ื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช 'ืงื ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”' (ืฉื”ื™ื• 'ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจ' ืžื‘ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ) ื•ืงืจื ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื ื•ื‘ื—". ืืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืžืจื•ืžื– (ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื—ืกืจ "ืœึธื”") ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฆืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื• ื•ืœืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื ื•ื‘ื—". ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืื– ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื•ืœืคืจืกื ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื ื–ืงืคืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ". ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื, ื›ืš ื™ื™ื—ืก ื™ืื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ืจืื• ืžืกืชื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื‘ื—, ื•ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ".
ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื ืื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืงืœื˜ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉ'ืœืงื—' ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงืจื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ". ืืœื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื” ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืœื›ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ (ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉื”: "ื•ึทื ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึนื“ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึธืจึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืงึดืจึฐื™ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ืขื•ึนื’ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ".

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื ืคื™ืœืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื–,ื”) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื™ ื”ื ื ื›ืฉืœื•: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผื•ึผ ืžึตื”ึถื ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื”ึธืขึทื™ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึดื™ืฉื". ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื›"ืฃ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจ "ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื”", ื•ืœืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืžื“,ื) ื ืคืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“: "ื–ื” ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืฉืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ". ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื• ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื, ืฉื”ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ื•ืœื. ื•ื–ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ. ืืžื ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ?
ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ". ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื™ืื™ืจ 'ืœืงื—' ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืงืจื ืœื• ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ". ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ, ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืžืฉื” 'ื ืชืŸ' ('ืื™ืฉืจ') ืœื™ืื™ืจ ืืช ื ื—ืœืชื•. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืจืžื–ืช ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ื—ืฉ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืงืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ 'ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืื” ื™ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืœืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื•.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื“ ื•ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช 'ื—ืฆื™ ืžื ืฉื”' ืฉื ื—ืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™. ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ: "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืฆึตื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึตื ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึตื..." (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–, ื™ื–), ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: "ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“... ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื ื‘ื–ื›ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ื–ื›ื™ื•ืชื™ื•".
ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ ืขืžื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื’ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืจืžื–ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ืจ ืขืœ "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœืงืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืจืžื– ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื”ื•ื "ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึดื™ืฉื", ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืคืœ ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ.

ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื›ืŸ ืžืขืœ ื‘ื—ืจื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขืœ ืฉืœืœ ื™ืจื™ื—ื•, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื˜ืื•. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืœื• ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืงืœื• ืœื‘ื“ืŸ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืจืžื– ืœืกื›ื ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” 'ืœืงื—' ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืžืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ื’ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืฆื“ืง, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืฉืœืœื• ืžื”ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืขื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ืœื•.

ื”ื”ื™ืขืœืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ"
ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ", ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืœ ืžืœื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื– ืœ'ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื™ืจ' ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ืช 'ื›ืคืจื™ื' ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืขื“. ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืขื“ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืœื•ึน ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“: ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึผึทื— ื’ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืจ ื•ึทืึฒืจึธื ืึถืช ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื ืึถืช ืงึฐื ึธืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ".
ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืืจื ืœืงื—ื• "ืึถืช ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื", ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื" ืžืจืžื–ืช ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืœื‘ื“ื ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืชื. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืืจืข ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข 4 . ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืชื™ืงื”. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ". ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื”ืฉืชื›ื— ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืขื“, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ืžื”ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืœืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืฆืืฆื ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืขื“
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื (ื™,ื’-ื”) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืฉื ืงืจื 'ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™', ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื‘ืฉื 'ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™', ื•ืžืกื•ืคืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืจึนื›ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ืขึฒื™ึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ืขึฒื™ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื, ืœึธื”ึถื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“".
ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืขื™ื™ืจ, ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” (ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืœึฐื—ื•ึนืงึฐืงึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ... ืจึนื›ึฐื‘ึตื™ ืึฒืชึนื ื•ึนืช ืฆึฐื—ึนืจื•ึนืช...). ื•ื›ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ "ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึดื™ื ืขึฒื™ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื", ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืขื“. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ('ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”') ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืจืง ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืขื“, ืืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืฆืืฆื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืขืจื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืื™ืจ. ื™ืื™ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื• ืœื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืจืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื™ืื™ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื "ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื™ืื™ืจ (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื). ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืงืจืื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”. ืืœื ืฉื›ืขืช ื”ืŸ ื ืงืจืื• ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื” ืฆื™ื“ื•ืง ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ".
ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ื ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืงืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืขื“. ืืฉืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ืงืžื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื "ืงื•ืžื™ืžื" (ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืขื "ืงื" ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื›ืฉื ื™ ืง"ืž ืฆืคื•ื ื”-ืžืขืจื‘ื” ืœ"ืงื•ืžื™ืžื"). ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ืงืจื ื›ื™ื•ื Qumaym. ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืขื™ืจ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืจืขื• ืฆืคื•ื ื” ืžืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื“ ืœื ื”ืจ ื”ื™ืจืžื•ืš, ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ. ื•ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื—ืœืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ, ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืงืจื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ
ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื’ืฉื•ืจ 5 ื•ื‘ืืจื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ, ืืš ื”ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืขื“ ื•ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื”: "ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืžึนืช ื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“, ืœื•ึน ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“, ืœื•ึน ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœื•ึนืช ื—ื•ึนืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ื—ึท ื ึฐื—ึนืฉืึถืช" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื“,ื™ื’).
ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื– ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื ืฉืงืจื ืœื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• - "ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ืขื•ึนื’ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ: ื›ึผึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึปืจึนืช ื—ื•ึนืžึธื” ื’ึฐื‘ึนื”ึธื” ื“ึผึฐืœึธืชึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ื—ึท". ื•ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื• ื™ืื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื‘ืฉืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื ืงืจื ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ืœื ื‘ืฉื "ื ื•ื‘ื—" ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ", ืืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื ืฉืงืจื ืœื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• - "ื—ึถื‘ึถืœ ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ".
ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืกืงื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืฉื ื•ื‘ื— ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื” ืœื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืžื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืžื ืขื ื• ืžืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ื‘ื— ื•ืœื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื‘ื— ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื˜ืœืก ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื. ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ
ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื ื˜ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ "ืงื ื•ื•ืืช". ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชื™ืจื’ื ืืช "ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื‘" ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืคืœืš ื˜ืจื›ื•ื ื" ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื 'ืงืฉื”'. ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื "ืคืœืš ื˜ืจื›ื•ื ื", ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื-ืœื’'ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืจืง ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื ืช. ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื, ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื’ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืžืขื›ื” ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™, ื•ื›ืš ืฆื•ื™ืจื• ื”ืžืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจื•ืฉ ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืกื˜, ื•ื‘ืคืจื•ืฉ ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื ืœืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืกื”, ื•ื›ืš ืฆื•ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื”ืžืคื” ืฉื‘ืื˜ืœืก ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ 111 ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžืžืœื›ืช ืขื•ื’ ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ.
ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืžืœื›ืช ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืฉืชืจืขื” ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื ืช ืฉื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™ ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™ื˜, ืœื“) ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื ื—ืœืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘: "...ื•ึผืคึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึปืœื•ึผืŸ ืžึดื ึผึถื’ึถื‘ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึธืฉืึตืจ ืคึผึธื’ึทืข ืžึดื™ึผึธื ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐืจึทื— ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึถืฉื" (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื˜, ืœื“). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื—ืœืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื— ื‘"ื‘ึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ". ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื•ืจื ื‘ืฆื“ื• ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ. ื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืื– ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ื•ื‘ื— ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืคืœื’ ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื• ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืชืืจ ืฉื ื—ืœืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘"ื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ". ื›ืš ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ 160 ื‘ืื˜ืœืก ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื, ื•ื›ืš ืฉื•ืจื˜ื˜ื” ื”ืžืคื” ืฉื‘ืขืžื•ื“ 159 ืฉื. ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœืคื™ ื–ื” "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืชืจืขื•ืช ืžืงื ืช ืฉื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™ ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘.
ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชื™ืจื’ื "ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื‘" ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืคืœืš ื˜ืจื›ื•ื ื" ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื”, ืืœื ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืงืฉื”'. ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื‘,ื›ื”): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืฉืึนืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืคึผึถืงึทื— ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืจึฐืžึทืœึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึธืœึดื™ืฉืื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผึตื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืฉืึนืžึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืžื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืช ืึทืจึฐื’ึผึนื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื™ึตื”...", ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืืจื’ื•ื‘" ื•"ื”ืืจื™ื”" ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืŸ ืฉื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืจืืฉ ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืœืš. ื•'ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื‘' ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืงืฉื” ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืฉืชืจืข ืžืงื ืช ืฉื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™ ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘. ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืจืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ืขื•ื’ ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืื”ืœื•ืช ื™ื—,ื“) ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื”: "ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืœืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืกื™ืชื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”... ืฉืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉืจ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช". ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื‘ืœืขืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื’ืฉื•ืจ, ืฉืœื ื ื›ื‘ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื•ืœื ืฆืคื•ื ื” ืžื”ื›ื ืจืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ืขื•ื’ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉ"ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื‘" ืฉื”ื•ื "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ" ืฉื‘ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืฉืชืจืข ืžืงื ืช ืฉื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื”ืจืจื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืชืืจ ืฉื ื—ืœืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘"ื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ".




^ 1.ืจืื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื‘,ื›ื”) ื•ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ.
^ 2.ืฉืฉ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื ืฉื” ื ื—ืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™ื–, ื‘).
^ 3.ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื—ืœืง ื, ื‘ื ืกืคื—ื•ืช 'ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”') ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื—ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื ืฉื ืืช ื‘ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื– ืฉื—ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืช ื‘ื ื• ืฉื’ื•ื‘, ื•ืืžื• ืฉื‘ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื ื• ื™ืื™ืจ ื’ื“ืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ ื™ื™ื—ืก ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžื ืฉื”, ื•ืงืจื ืœืขืฆืžื• 'ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืฉื”'.
^ 4.ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™ื’,ืœ) ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ: "ื—ึทื•ึผึนืช ื™ึธืึดื™ืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึธืฉืึธืŸ ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ".
^ 5."ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจ ื”' ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื™ืจื ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืกืจ ืžืจืข ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืงื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืช ืžืขื›ื” ื‘ืช ืชืœืžื™ ืžืœืš ื’ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืคืช ืชื•ืืจ ืœื ืขื–ื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ืœื• ืืช ืชืžืจ ื•ืืช ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื" (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื,ื—).
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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