ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”

ื˜ืจื™ื™ืืกื˜, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” Trieste, Italy
ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืก"ื”


ืฉืืœื”
ื. ืื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ, ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช?
ื‘. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืขื "ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ื ืชื ื•"?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ื. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช 1 ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื”, ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืืš ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” 2 ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืื›ืœื• ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช 3 .
ื‘. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช (ืขื "ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ื ืชื ื•") ืžืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” 4 , ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืš 5 , ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ืขื“ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” 6 .
ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง 7 ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช 8 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ืืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื.




^ 1. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืื›ืœื• ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืคืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืื• ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช โ€“ ืฉื•"ืข (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจืฆื ืกืข' ื”).
^ 2. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื•" (ืกื™' ื•), ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืจื”" ืœืžื”ืจืฉ"ื. ื•"ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืกื™' ืฆ ืก"ืง ืกื–) ืืกืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. (ืืš ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื "ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื•" ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืš โ€“ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ).
ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืœืžื ืืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”" (ืœื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš ืคืจืง ื” ืกืข' ื™ื–), ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื•, ื•ืจืื” ื‘"ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”" (ืกื™' ื ื— ื“"ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื”), ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื” ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื ื“ืจ. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช: ืื—ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช "ื ื“ืจื•" ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื” โ€“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”. ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ.
ืืš ื’ื ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื– ืข"ื‘), ืฉืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืจืคื• ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืจืกื– ืกืข' ืขื˜). ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ื (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื), ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœืžืœื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช "ืคืฉื™ืขื”" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื—ื˜ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ื—ื‘ืจืš". ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ื“ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื•ื›ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื).
ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ (ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืช ืกืข' ื™ื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืžื ื—ื” ืขื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื“ืื– ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื”ื ื, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจืฆื). ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืื ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืžื ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ืขื“ ื”ืขืจื‘. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื•"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืกื™' ืจืฆื ืก"ืง ื“) ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ.
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืืฃ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื ืฉืขืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืชืงื ืŸ, ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืื ืœื ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื›ืœืœ, ืืฃ ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืงืฆืช ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืž"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืกื™' ืชื™ื˜), ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ืกืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื) ืœื ื™ืืžืจ "ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื" ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ืฉืกืขื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ื›ืœ-ื›ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ืืฆืœื• ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” (ืœืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”) ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง" (ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื’).
^ 3. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื’ื ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” "ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืกื™' ืจืฆื˜ ืก"ืง ื) ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื“ื™ืœ. ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืฃ ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ "ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื" ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ "ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื", ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื“ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื• ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืกื™' ืจืฆื˜ ืก"ืง ื) ื•ื‘"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" (ืก"ืง ื‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ืก"ืง ื”).
^ 4. ืฉื•"ืข (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจืฆื’ ืกืข' ื’).
^ 5. "ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื˜).
^ 6. "ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื). ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื• ืข"ื) ืžืžืชื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืœื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืขืช ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉืขืช ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืฉื ื›ื– ืข"ื) ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื•, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจืœื’ ืกืข' ื), ืืš ื›ืชื‘ (ืฉื) ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•"ืข, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืจืชื™ ื“ืกืชืจื™. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ืขื“ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”.
^ 7. ืฉื•"ืข (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจืœื’ ืกื•ืฃ ืกืข' ื) ื•"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื).
^ 8. "ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื).
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il