ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
109
3 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืคืจื™ื–, ืฆืจืคืช Paris, France
ืชืžื•ื–, ื”'ืชืฉื "ื”

ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ื–ืจืข ื‘ืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื•

ืฉืืœื”
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง" (597)
ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
362 - ื”ืคืจื™ื™ืช ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ื–ืจืข ื‘ืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื•
363 - ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืงื‘ืจ ืœืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจื”
364 - ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžื ื›ืจื™ ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ืืœืžื ื” ืฉืžืช ื‘ืขืœื” ืื—ืจื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ื•ื’ืœืžื•ื“ื”.
ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื— ื–ืจืข ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื "ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื• - ืชื•ืคืจื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื–ืจืข.
ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื”? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืื• ื”ื‘ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืžืื‘?
ื”ืื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื™?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื‘, ืื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ืื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื• 1 . ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื˜ืคื— ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืง ื•ืื“ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช.
ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื—ื™ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื”ืคืจื“ืชื.
ื‘ืจื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื - ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื - ืœืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ - ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืœื“, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ ื•ืื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื•, ื•ืจืง ื›ื–ื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื–ืจืขื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื”.
ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืข"ืค, ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื‘ืื’ื“ื”, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืคืงื“ื• ื‘ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ืืฉืช ืื—, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื–ืจืข ืœืื— ื”ืžืช 2 , ืืš ื’ื ื–ืืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”-ื”ื™ืฉื ื” 3 ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืข"ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื.
ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืืœืžื ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืืš ื’ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ ืœื›ืš ืฉืืœืžื ื” ืชื”ืจื” ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืžืช, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ืช.
ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช-ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื - ื”ืืœืžื ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื—ื•ื˜ืจื ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืจื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื”" 4 , ื•ื’ื ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื”ืžืชื™ื - ื”ืื‘ ื”ืžืช, ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืงืฉืชื•, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื“ื ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื”, ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืœื“ืช ื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืขืœื™ื”, ืื ืชืชืขืงืฉ ื”ืืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืš. 5 .
ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื–ื›ื” ืื•ืชื” ื•ืืช ื‘ืขืœื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืจืื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืืฉื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœื” ื”ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“, ืฉื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืขืฉื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ "ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืจื” ื–ืงืŸ" - ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ - ืฉื™ืœื“ ืฉื›ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืื—ืจ ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ, ืœื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ื•ื’ื ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืืฉื” ืžื—ืœื™ืฆื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ืคื˜ืจ ืื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืžื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• 6 .



^ 1. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื›ื; ื™ื, ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 2. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื–ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื’ื ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช-ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื”.
^ 3. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื.
^ 4. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ืื ืืžื ื ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจืข ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื™ื—, ืฉื–ืืช ืฆื•ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื›ื™ ืื– ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืช, ื•ืฆ"ืข.
^ 5. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืž' ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ืกื” ืข"ื‘) ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ (ืกื™' ืงื ื“ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•).
^ 6. ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืกืคืง ื”ื•ื, ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›"ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื– ืœื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืœื“, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ (ืกื™' ื™ื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืžื–ื ื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข.
ื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืœื™ืฆื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ืœื™ืฆื” ืงื•ื“ื ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”.
ื’. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘"ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื•ืฉื‘ืข"ืค ืœื’" (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืชืฉื "ื‘, ืขืž' ืžื“-ืžื• ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช), ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "ื ื•ืขื" (ื›ืจืš ื ืข' ืงื ื”, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘"ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื—ืœืง ื’, ืขืž' ื™-ื™ื).
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il