ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ
  • ื”ืœืœ
undefined
14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 58 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”

ื•ึฐืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน "ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ"?


ืงึธืฉืึดื™ืŸ ืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึดืงึฐืจึดื™ืขึทืช ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ


ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืœืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื’ื ืืช "ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึทื™" ื•ื’ื ืืช "ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ" ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื "ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื•). ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืฉื•ืืœืช: "ื•ึฐืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน 'ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ'? ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ: ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึทืœึผึตืง ืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึธื”". ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• "ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึฐื›ึธืœึพื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน".


ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืœืœ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื— ืข"ื‘): "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ, ืงึธืฉืึดื™ืŸ ืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึดืงึฐืจึดื™ืขึทืช ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื•) 'ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ', ื•ึฐืกึธืžึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ, 'ืœึฐื’ึนื–ึตืจ ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ ืœึดื’ึฐื–ึธืจึดื™ื'. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ, ืงึธืฉืึดื™ืŸ ืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื”, ื“ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื—) 'ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐืึธืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผึนืึตืœ ืึนืชึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืจึธืข', ืžึทืœึฐืึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื, ื•ึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ (ืฉื) 'ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึนืขึถื” ืื•ึนืชึดื™'".


ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน


ืื ืื“ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜. ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™, ื•ื’ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื - ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžืžื ื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืก ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ืจืง ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืก ืžืงืจื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื ืื—ืช.


ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื ืก. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื• ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™  ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื "ื ึนืชึตึฃืŸ ืœึถึญื—ึถื ืœึฐื›ึธืœึพื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธึ‘ืจ ื›ึผึดึ–ื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธึฃื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฝื•ึน". ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™  ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืคื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืชื.


ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจืžื“ื” ืžื›ืจื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืื›ืœื• ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.


ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื "ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ" ืœื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžืขื•ืคืฃ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืง. ื›ืœ ื“ื’ ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื•ื—ืœ. ื›ืœ ื—ืจืง ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจืคืจ. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื. ืื ืื“ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืœื ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืœืื™ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.


ืœึฐืขึนืฉื‚ึตื” ื ึดืคึฐืœึธืื•ึนืช ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœื•ึนืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน


ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื–ื•ืจื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื—ื ืžื“ื™ ื•ืœื ืงืจ ืžื“ื™. ื•ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจ ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ืืช ื”ืขื ื ื™ื. ื•ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืื“ืžื” ืฉืžืœืื” ื‘ื“ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืคืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื“ืžื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืคืœื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื ื•. ื—ืœืงื ื”ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืงื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืจืฉื™ื. ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืืœื™ื”.


ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ืคืชื— ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”' ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื ื• ื•ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื ื•. ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœึฐืขึนึฎืฉื‚ึตึคื” ื ึดืคึฐืœึธืึฃื•ึนืช ื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึฃื•ึนืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึ‘ื•ึน ื›ึผึดึ–ื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธึฃื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฝื•ึน - "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•" (ื ื“ื” ืœื ืข"ื‘).


ืœึฐืขึนืฉื‚ึตื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน


ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืก ืฉืœ "ืœึฐืขึนืฉื‚ึตื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื”". ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ื ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ืืช ื”ืคืœื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ืœืคื ื™ 450 ืฉื ื” ื’ื™ืœื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื ื™ืงื•ืœืื•ืก ืงื•ืคืจื ื™ืงื•ืก ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžืื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืกื˜ื• ืžืžืกืœื•ืœื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืื‘ื• ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืื˜ื”. ื”ืคืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืคืจื ื™ืงื•ืก, ืืœื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื? ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.


ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ โ€“ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช


ืึตื™ืŸ ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทืกึฐืคึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตืึธืœึถืฃ ืึถืœึถืฃ ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื


ื‘ื”ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื ืืช "ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ "ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘" ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘"ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™" ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื ืฉื”' ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื ื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžืึถืœึถืฃ ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจื•ึนื‘ ืจึดื‘ึผึตื™ ืจึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื. ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืช ื ึดืกึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ึดืคึฐืœึธืื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืขึธืฉึนึดื™ืชึธ ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึดื ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ.


ืึถืœึถืฃ ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื - ื–ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ (1,000,000,000) ื•ึฐืจื•ึนื‘ ืจึดื‘ึผึตื™ ืจึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ (1,000,000,000,000). ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื”' "ืžึฐืขื•ึนืจึตืจ ื™ึฐืฉืึตื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึตืงึดื™ืฅ ื ึดืจึฐื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื. ืžึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื” ืžึตืชึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืจื•ึนืคึตื ื—ื•ึนืœึดื™ื. ืคึผื•ึนืงึตื—ึท ืขึดื•ึฐืจึดื™ื. ื•ึฐื–ื•ึนืงึตืฃ ื›ึผึฐืคื•ึผืคึดื™ื. ื”ึทืžึผึตืฉึนึดื™ื—ึท ืึดืœึผึฐืžึดื™ื. ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึฐืคึทืขึฒื ึตื—ึท ื ึถืขึฑืœึธืžึดื™ื". ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื”' ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.


ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื


ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืื™ืชื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื". ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” "ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”". ื•ื›ืŸ "ืืฉืจ ื’ืืœื ื• ื•ื’ืืœ ืืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•".


ืœึฐืžึทื›ึผึตื” ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื›ื•ึนืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผื•ึน


ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื ืก ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš "ืœึฐืžึทื›ึผึตึฃื” ืžึดึญืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื›ื•ึนืจึตื™ื”ึถึ‘ื". ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช "ื›ึผึดึ–ื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธึฃื ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึฝื•ึน" ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืคืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื•ืจื”.


ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘"ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™", ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื ืงื•ืฃ ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืกืœื™ื ืืœื” ืืช ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืขื ืง ื‘ื ืžืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืก ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืืช ืจื•ื— ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”. ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื• ืชื—ื ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื โ€“ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื.


ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉื• ืžื™ืจื“ืŸ. ืžืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ" ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืจื•ืฉืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืœืช ื•ื“ืœืง ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื ื• 250 ืืœืฃ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืข"ืค ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืืœื™ื”ื.


ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ืจื™ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืืฉ ื•ืขืœื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืžื ื•


ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืงืฉื” ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืžึตืึทื—ึทืจ ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื›ึผึธื "ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ", ืึฒื ึธืŸ, ืžึทืื™ ื˜ึทืขึฐืžึธื ืึทืžึฐืจึดื™ื ึธืŸ ื”ึทืื™? ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื, ืœืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ? ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.


ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื”. "ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื, ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึตืŸ, ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืึทืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึผืงึฐืจึดื™ืขึทืช ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ, ื•ึผืžึทืชึผึทืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื•ึผืชึฐื—ึดื™ึผึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึตืชึดื™ื" ืื‘ืœ ื’ื "ื—ึถื‘ึฐืœื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืžึธืฉืึดื™ื—ึท". ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื "ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ, 'ืœึนื ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื”' ืœึนื ืœึธื ื•ึผ', ื–ื•ึน ืฉืึดืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ื’ึผึธืœึปื™ึผื•ึนืช, ืึดื™ื›ึผึธื ื“ึผึฐืึทืžึฐืจึตื™, ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ, 'ืœึนื ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื”' ืœึนื ืœึธื ื•ึผ', ื–ึถื” ืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ื’ึผื•ึนื’ ื•ึผืžึธื’ื•ึนื’. ืจึทื‘ ื ึทื—ึฐืžึธืŸ ื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืึธืžึทืจ, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึดืœึผื•ึผื˜ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื ืฉืึถืœ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืžึดื’ึผึตื™ื”ึดื ึผึธื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, (ืฉื ืงื˜ื–) 'ืึธื ึผึธื ื”' ืžึทืœึผึฐื˜ึธื” ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™'. ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื™ึฐืจึดื™ื“ึธืชึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื‘ึฐืฉืึทืŸ ื”ึธืึตืฉื, ื•ึทืขึฒืœึดื™ึผึธืชึธืŸ ืžึดื›ึผึดื‘ึฐืฉืึทืŸ ื”ึธืึตืฉื" (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื— ืข"ื). ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœื›ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื™ืชื ืžืžื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืขื–ืขืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื›ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืืฉ ื•ื—ืœืงื ื–ื›ื” ื•ืขืœื” ืžื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.


ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœื”


ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื


ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.


ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉื—ื™ ื›-900 ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืจื’ืŸ "ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ื‘ึถืŸ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื™ื“ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื›ึธื–ึนืืช ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื" (ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื "ืš ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื— ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•).


ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืฉืžื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•, ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจื•ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขืœื™ื ื•. ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”.


ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืึถึฝืขึฑืฉื‚ึถื” ืฉืึฐืคึธื˜ึดื™ื


ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ืงืจื‘ ืœืžื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื›ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืืฉ ืœืžืขืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืื—ื– ืื‘ื™ื• "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ื”ึถืขึฑื‘ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึธืึตืฉื ื›ึผึฐืชึนืขึฒื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉื ื”' ืึนืชึธื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘, ื˜ื– ื’).


ืœืžื–ืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืกื’ ืข"ื‘). ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—.


ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืœื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืžื›ืจื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืจื” ืžืงืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ึทื™ึผึธืงึปืžื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืกึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื˜ึผึฐืจื•ึนืช ื”ึตืกึดื™ืจื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐื ึทื—ึทืœ ืงึดื“ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ". ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœึพ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตึฅื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ›ื™ึดื ืึถึฝืขึฑืฉื‚ึถึฅื” ืฉืึฐืคึธื˜ึดึ–ื™ื ืึฒื ึดึฅื™ ื”ึฝ'" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื‘).


ื’ึผึธื‘ึทื”ึผ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึดืœึผื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื”


ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทืคึผึถืœึถืช ืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘


ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืงืจื” ืœื• ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืฉืžืชื• ืžื•ืœ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื ืก ื•ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•. ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ: "ืจ' ื‘ึผึถืจึถื›ึฐื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืจ' ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึฐืื•ึผื™ึธืŸ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทืคึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืกึดื™ื—ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื’, ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทืคึผึถืœึถืช ืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘ ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ (ื“ื”"ื‘ ืœ"ื‘) 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ื›ึดื’ึฐืžึปืœ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ื™ึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึผึธื‘ึทื”ึผ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน'. ืึถืช ื—ึทืžึผึตื™ (ืืชื” ืจื•ืื”) ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึผึธื‘ึทื”ึผ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน? ืึถืœึผึธื ื’ึผึธื‘ึทื”ึผ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึดืœึผื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื”. ืึทืชึผื ื™ึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื™ึธื” ืœึฐื’ึทื‘ึผึตื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ ื“ึผึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงึทื™ึฐื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืกึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ (ื™ึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื™ึธื” ื™"ื‘) ื–ึทืžึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื”', ืึทืžึผึทืจึฐื•ึทืŸ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืœึฐืžึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึผึตืื•ึผืช ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื”. ืึทืžึผึทืจึฐื•ึทืŸ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืžื•ึผื“ึทืขึทืช ื–ึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ".


ื›ืฉื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”', ื”ื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื“ื—ื•ืง ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”' ืžื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื—ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื”. "ื"ืจ ืœึตื•ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืžึธื” ืึธื ื•ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื ึฐืกึธื™ื• ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืžื•ึผื“ึทืขึทืช ื–ึนืืช ืžึดืกึผื•ึนืฃ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืกื•ึนืคื•ึน, ืœึนื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืขึธืžึทื“ ื’ึผึทืœึฐื’ึผึทืœ ื”ึทื—ึทืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข ื”ึธืจึธืงึดื™ืขึท ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผ ื ึฐืกึธื™ื• ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึทื“ ืกื•ึนืฃ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื".


ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื ืขื” ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—. "ืจึดื™ื‘ึผึธ"ืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืึธืžึทืจ ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทืคึผึถืœึถืช ืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึธืฉืึดื™ื—ึท ื•ึฐืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘ ื’ึผื•ึนื’ ื•ึผืžึธื’ื•ึนื’ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื›ึผึตืŸ" (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื“). ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžื—ื‘"ื“ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืืžืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืืžื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžืฉื™ื— ืœื”ืชืขื›ื‘.


ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื‘ืข


ื”ืจื’ื•ืฆ'ื‘ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฆืคื ืช ืคืขื ื— (ื—"ื‘ ื—) ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืืžืจ ื”ืœืœ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืืœ ื‘ ื™ื). ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืืžืจื• ื”ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงืจืื™ื "ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื.


ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช (ื’ ืข"ื): "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืืกื™: ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžื• ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ื•ื ื—ืžืช ืขื“ ื ื—ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื', ืžื›ื“ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžื•, ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ื•ื ื—ืžืช ืขื“ ื ื—ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืžื” ืœื™? ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื”: ื”ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ืงืจื™ ืงื”ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืš ืœื ืื™ืงืจื™ ืงื”ืœ".


ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: "ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื - 'ืงื”ืœ', ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืงืจื ืื•ืชืŸ: 'ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ', ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ - ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช" (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“, ื“(. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืขื ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ืืžืจ.


ื”ืคืกื— ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืžื”ืคืกื— ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•


ื•ึฐื›ึธืžึนื”ื•ึผ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‘ ืึถืœ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐืึนื“ื•ึน


ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžื•ืœืš ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ื ื• 55 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืฆืœื ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ. ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืœืžืœื•ืš. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ืคืกื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ืžื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•.


ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ืงื ื‘ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืฉืฉื‘ ืืœ ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ื‘ื•, ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืžืื•ื“ื•. "ื•ึฐื›ึธืžึนื”ื•ึผึฉ ืœึนึฝืึพื”ึธื™ึธึจื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึธึœื™ื• ืžึถึ—ืœึถืšึฐ ืึฒืฉืึถืจึพืฉื‘ ืึถืœึพื”ึ™' ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœึพืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึคื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœึพื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึนึ™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœึพืžึฐืึนื“ึ”ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื›ึนึ–ืœ ืชึผื•ึนืจึทึฃืช ืžึนืฉืึถึ‘ื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึธึ–ื™ื• ืœึนึฝืึพืงึธึฅื ื›ึผึธืžึนึฝื”ื•ึผ" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื›ื’, ื›ื”-ื›ื•).


ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื” ืคึถืกึทื— ื›ึผึธืžึนื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ


ื”ืคืกื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืคืกื— ืฉืขืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•. ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื ืขืฉื” ืคืกื— ื›ื–ื”. ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• "ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื” ืคึถืกึทื— ื›ึผึธืžึนื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื›ึผึทืคึผึถืกึทื— ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื™ึนืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘, ืœื” ื™ื—. ื•ืจืื” ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื›ื’, ื›ื‘-ื›ื’).


ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืกื— ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ืก ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•.


ื’ื•ื ื– ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ


ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื, ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื—ืจื‘. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื“ื• ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืœืš - ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ืฉืžื•, ื—ื•ื’ื’ ืืช ืคืกื— ื‘ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉื•ืžืข ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืขื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ, ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ื ื– ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื "ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื’ึฐื ึธื–ื•ึน? ื™ึนืืฉืึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื ึธื–ื•ึน. ืžึถื” ืจึธืึธื” ืฉืึถื’ึผึฐื ึธื–ื•ึน? ืžึธืฆึธื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผื•ึน (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื—), 'ื™ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ื”' ืึนืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึธืงึดื™ื ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธ' ื•ึฐื’ื•ึน'. ืขึธืžึทื“ ื•ึผื’ึฐื ึธื–ื•ึน, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ, (ื“ื”"ื‘ ืœื”) 'ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœึทืœึผึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึดื™ื ึดื™ื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืงึผึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื ืœึทื”', ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ื‘ึถืŸ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธื ื‘ึทื›ึผึธืชึตืฃ, ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืขึดื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึตืช ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ'" (ื™ื•ืžื ื ื‘ ืข"ื‘).


 


ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ื™ึตืฉืื•ึผืขึท ื‘ึผึดืŸ ื ื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื


ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“


ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื”. ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื. "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื”ึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ ืกึปื›ึผื•ึนืช, ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืžึดื™ืžึตื™ ื™ึตืฉืื•ึผืขึท ื‘ึผึดืŸ ื ื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“" (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื— ื™ื–).


ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“" ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืชื "ืš. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ.


ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข


ื•ืœืžื” ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ? ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื ืงืจืข ืœื”ื ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื”ื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ื ืคื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงืคื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื• ื‘ืœื™ ื”' (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ ืข"ื‘).


ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ื ึดื™ืกึดื™ื - ืชึผึฐื”ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื”


ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ ืœื–:) "ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”) ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจื•ึนืขึท ืคึผึฐืจึธืขื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึผึตื‘ ืขึดื ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”'. ื”ึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ืขึธื ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ื ึดื™ืกึดื™ื - ืชึผึฐื”ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึดื™ืจึธื”. ื”ึตืชึดื™ื‘ื•ึผืŸ ื”ึธืจึตื™ ื’ึผึฐืื•ึผืœึทืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื" (ื”ืงืฉื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื) ื•ืขื•ื ื” "ืฉึฐื ึดื™ื™ึธื ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœึธืช ื’ึฐืื•ึผืœึธืชึธืŸ" ืฉืœื ื ื’ืืœื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื“ ืฉืฉืงืขื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื™ื•ืฉืข ื”' ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืฉืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ืฉืขื• ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื”).


ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ "ื”ึธืจึตื™ ืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึฐื›ึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ" ืœื ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”. ื•ืขื•ื ื” "ืฉึธื ึดื™ื™ึทื ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ื•ึฐืึดื™ืช ื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ ืžึตื™ืžึทืจ ืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึฐื›ึทื™ ื•ึฐืึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืžึดืฉึผื‚ื•ึนื ึฐืึตื™ื”ึถื ื ึดื’ึฐืึฒืœื•ึผ ืื‘ืœ ืœึนื ื ึดื’ึฐืึฒืœื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช". ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœืฉื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช.


ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”


ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืœืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ - ืžืชื ื” ืžืฉืžื™ื


ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื”. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืชื” ืžื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ืืฉื™ื”ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืชื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื–ืจื ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื” - ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื”. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื.


ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ืœื”ื ืžืชื ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจืื” ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ. ื”ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื”ื ืก ื”ื–ื” ื•ืฉืจื™ื "ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐื’ึผึธื–ื•ึผืŸ ื—ึดื™ืœ ืึธื—ึทื– ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืคึผึฐืœึธืฉืึถืช: ืึธื– ื ึดื‘ึฐื”ึฒืœื•ึผ ืึทืœึผื•ึผืคึตื™ ืึฑื“ื•ึนื ืึตื™ืœึตื™ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื™ึนืื—ึฒื–ึตืžื•ึน ืจึธืขึทื“ ื ึธืžึนื’ื•ึผ ื›ึผึนืœ ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื›ึฐื ึธืขึทืŸ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื• ื™ื“). ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื ืก ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื“ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ืชึผึฐื‘ึดืึตืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืชึดื˜ึผึธืขึตืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ืžึธื›ื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ืคึผึธืขึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื”' ืžึดืงึผึฐื“ึธืฉื ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ื›ึผื•ึนื ึฒื ื•ึผ ื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ". ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”' ื”ื•ืœืš ืื™ืชื ืขื“ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. "ื”' ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื ื•ึธืขึถื“". ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืจื™ื.


ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืœืจื’ืข. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื™ื, ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืึตื™ืœึดืžึธื” ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื ืžื•ืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ื”ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื‘ืฆืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืžื™ื.


ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื


ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš. ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื.


ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืชืžืœื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืขืช ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• "ืžึธืœึฐืึธื” ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื“ึตึผืขึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ื›ึทึผืžึทึผื™ึดื ืœึทื™ึธึผื ืžึฐื›ึทืกึดึผื™ื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื™"ื ื˜') โ€“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืจืง 10% ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื 87% ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘. ื•ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.


ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื ืฉื‘ืจ ืคืจืขื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ื“ื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง โ€“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื.


ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื– ื›ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ื•ื›ืœ ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื•ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืกื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื›ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”. ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืื™ื. ืืฉืจื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืขืฆื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.


ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ื‘ืคื” ืžืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื•. ืืžืŸ.


 


ืกื™ืคื•ืจ


ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•


ื”ื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืžืื” ืฉืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืง ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— ืืœืคื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืืจื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ.


ืœื™ืžื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•. ืžืื™ืคื” ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื’ืž"ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื–"ืœ. ืงืจื ืœื”ื ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืช ืžืคืขืœื™ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”.


ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืคืชื—ื• ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืชืžื—ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืชืชื™ื ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื•ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื‘ืขืฆื”, ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืœื ื–ื–ื” ื™ื“ื ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื“ื• ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืžื ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื’ืž"ื— "ื—ืกื“ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืœื–ื›ืจ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง.


ื›ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื ืคืœื” ืจื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื ื ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื. ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ืื™ืš ื™ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”? ืงืจื ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืคืขืœื›ื. ืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื•ืืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื™.


ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชืจืžื• ืœื”ื. ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื ื ื”ื’ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ืž"ื— "ื—ืกื“ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื™ืชืจืžื• ืœื”ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” "ื“ื™ื ืจ" ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชืจืžื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—.


 


 


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”


ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืฉืžื—. ืžืชื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื‘ืคืกื—? ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”? ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืžืžืชื™ ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขื? ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ''ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”  ื ื”ื™ืช ืœืขื". ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ื” โ€“ 3333 - ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ?


ืœื™ื“ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“. ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืข ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ 40 ื™ื•ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืชื•ื ื”. ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื—.


 


 ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ "ื—ืœืงื”" ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช "ื—ืœืงื”" ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืกื—, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ? ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืžืขื˜ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”"ื—ืœืงื”" ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ?


ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืจืง ืงืฆืช ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืžืจ. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“.


 


 


ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื›ืžื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืคืกื—? ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืื• ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ?


 ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช.




ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il