ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ื•ืืจื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 62 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'
ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒืžึตืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื?
ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื: "ื•ึฐื”ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืงึนืœึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึนื ื ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื”'" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ ื). ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•: "ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืœึฐืงึนืœึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึธืืชึธ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื" ื•ื›ื•' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื’ ื™ื—). ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒืžึตืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ ืœื).
ืืœื ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืขื ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืคืจืขื” ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืžื™ื“ ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื›ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื. ื›ืš ืžืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืžืฉืึถื” ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืžืฉืึถื” ืžึดืงึผึนืฆึถืจ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึผืžึตืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ืงึธืฉืึธื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื• ื˜).
ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉ"ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืคืจืขื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื‘ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, "ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืงืฅ ื•ื™ืชืจืฉืœื• ืžืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืงืฅ, ืืœื ืื ื–ื›ื• - ื™ื—ื™ืฉื ื” ืœื”ื. ื•ืœื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืœืขื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื—ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืงืฅ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ ืœื).
ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืงื˜ื ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืืžื•ื ื”
ืื ื›ืš, ืœืžื” ื”' ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื•? ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืœืžื” ืžืฉื” ื ืฆื˜ืจืข ืœืจื’ืข ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื”. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ 210 ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืžืœืื” ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืคื™ื“ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื”ื ืจืง ืงืฆืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืคื™ื“ื ืื ื”ื ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ืงืฉื™ื. ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื. ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืืžื•ื ื”.
ื’ืื•ืœืช ืคืจืขื”
ื•ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”: "ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตื ึดื™ ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึฒืจึทืœ ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึธื™ึดื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื• ื™ื‘). ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”. ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”? ื”ืจื™ ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื’ื ืคืจืขื” ื ื’ืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืฉืœื•, ื’ื ืืฆืœื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืกืชืจืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื. ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ืžื™ ื”' ืืฉืจ ืืฉืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื•?". ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: "ื”' ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง". ื•ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. "ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”'". ืฉื’ื ืคืจืขื” ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื”'. ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื’ื ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืื—ืจื™ 1900 ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘. ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคื— ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื”. ื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกืชืจืช ื‘ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื. ื•ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื ืœืžื“ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื”.

ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ
ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผึดื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึผื•ึนืช โ€“ ืœึนื ืžึดืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืžื•ึนืฆึธืึตื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช
ื›ื›ืœืœ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขืฆืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืคืจืง ื˜ื• ืžืฉื ื” ื’) "ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผึดื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึผื•ึนืช ืžึดืœึผึตื™ืœึตื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึนื ืžึดืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืžื•ึนืฆึธืึตื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช". ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืฉืœื ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ืื"ื› ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ ืก"ืง ื•) ื›ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืกื“ืจื” ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœืช ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” "ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืขืจื•ืš, ื•ืžื˜ื” ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื™ืคื”, ื•ืžืคื” ืคืจื•ืกื”" (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืคื˜ ื). ื•ืื ื’ื ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื• ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื’ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื“ืจ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื”''ื— ืกื™ ืฉ"ื‘ ืก"ืง ื›"ื’, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืกื™' ืฉ"ื‘ ืก"ืง ื™''ื˜).
ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื ืจืื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื—ื•ืจื‘ื”
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื•ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ืืžื ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื•ืื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื— ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ืงื™ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš "ืœืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื ืจืื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื" (ืชืจืก"ื– ืก"ืง ื•').
ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš - ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื—
ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™"ื— ืข"ื) ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื: "ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืงืขืจื•ืช (ืฆืœื—ื•ืช) ืฉืื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช - ืžื“ื™ื—ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ืฉื—ืจื™ืช - ืžื“ื™ื—ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื. ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื - ืžื“ื™ื—ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš - ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื— ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”". ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื“ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืืกื•ืจื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“' ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืงืคื” ืขื ืขื•ื’ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ื•ื”ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
ื•ื›ืœื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” - ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืกื™' ืฉื›"ื’ ืกืขื™' ื•') ืคืกืง ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช: "ื•ื›ืœื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” - ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”", ื•ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื›ื• ื›ื˜) ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื” โ€“ ืœื ื™ื“ื™ื—. ื•ืื ืกืคืง ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืชื” โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. "ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฉืจ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืœื ืœืื—ืช - ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื“ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช - ื”ื•ืชืจื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ". ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื ื”ื›ื”"ื— (ืฉื ืก"ืง ืž'): "ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•".
ื”ื“ื—ืช ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆืœื—ื•ืช, ืกื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•' ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•', ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจื™ื— ืจืข, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื•"ืช ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืง ื™"ื ืฉืืœื” ื“'). ื•ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกื™ืจื™ื ืœืžืจืคืกืช ืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืข ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื.
ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื—ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ื•ืžืœื ื›ืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ื”ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืืกื•ืจ.
ื”ื“ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืขืจืžื”
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืกื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื—ืจื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืžืŸ.
ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืกื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื (ืœื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ) ืขื“ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืชื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ืช ืคื›"ื’ ื”"ื–) ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ ืืกื•ืจื” ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืœ.
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื”"ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืžื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื• (ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืžืœื—): "ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื”ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ืื ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• - ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“"ื˜ ื—ืœืง ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ื–' ืื•ืช ื˜'. ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื• ื›ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื“ ื•ืœืฉื•ืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืื• ืœื“ื—ืคื• ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื" (ื•ืข"ืข ืฉื•"ืช ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืง ื™"ื ืฉืืœื” ื•').

ื”ื ื—ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื. ื”ืจื™ ืžื“ื™ื— ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืชื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ืกืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ืœื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื ื“ืœืงืช ืฉื•ื ืžื ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื•ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจืชื”.
ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”"ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”" (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื“"ื” "ืงืจื“ื ืœื—ืชืš") ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื ืžืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืžื”ืกื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืžืงืฆื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืืžื ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืœืื›ืกืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื—, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื— ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงืฆื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช" (ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื“) ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืชื• ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ. "ื•ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ".
ื”ืงืคืืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ื—ืœืง ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื“) ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืชื• ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืชืงืœืงืœื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืœืงืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉื—), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืจืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืœืงืœ.
ืืžื ื ื“ืขืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ื”ืงืคืื” (ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื›ื“' ืฉื”ืžืงืคื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื”). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืฉื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ. ืฉื”ืงืคืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื•. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช, ืฉืื ืจื•ืฆื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ.
ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช
ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ื—ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ืงืคืื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืื”. ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื“ื ื• ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืคืœ ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื (ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืง ื™ื’ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื“ืœึตืงื”: "ืžืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฉื‘ืช ื–ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช". ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืช ื–ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ" (ื—ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืœ"ื“) ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืื‘"ืŸ (ืกื™' ืฉื "ื˜) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืงืคืœ ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ ืื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช.
ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™"ื’:) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืคืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช. "ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžืงืคืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืœื™ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฆืคืจื ืœืคื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช". ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”"ื™ืคื” ืœืœื‘" (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ืฉ"ื‘ ืกืง"ื) ื‘ืฉื ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ "ื—ืกื“ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื" ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืงืคืœ "ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช". ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื” ืžื“ืœื™ืงื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื–ืืช.
ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ืคืชืงื ื˜ื‘ื
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืคืชืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืข ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืž ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”) "ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืจืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ืฉืžื™ืŸ ืœืกื™ืžืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ื".
ื’ืœื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”
ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืœื ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื›ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื• ื™ืงืจืื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ.
ืืžื ื, ืœืื•ืชื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ืื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื›ืชื• ืœืชื™ื‘ื”.
ื”ื‘ืืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื”, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืชืจืกื– ืก"ืง ื”).
ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื“ืกื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืจื• "ืืชื” ื—ื•ื ื ืชื ื•", ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื“ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื“ืก ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื™ืจื™ื— ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ.
ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืขื ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช
ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื ืจื‘ื ืื• ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืžื ื, ืื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื™ื• ืืœื ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš ื‘ื“ืขืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื”ื›ื ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื ื” ืืกื•ืจื”.
ืฉื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืฉ"ื– ืกืขื™' ื'): "'ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ' - ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื‘ื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ืœื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืœืžื—ืจ ืื• ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืืงื ื” ืœืžื—ืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช". ื•ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ (ืก"ืง ื'): "ื•ื“ื•ืงื ืื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ". ื•ื›ืืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื’"ื (ืกื™' ืจ"ืฆ) ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘ (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื“'), ื•ื–"ืœ: "ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ื ืœืš ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืจืื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ื— ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ".
ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
ืœืกื™ื™ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื“ื”ื• ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื“ื”ื• โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ. ื•ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื  ืข"ื‘): "ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืคืจืฆื” ืœื• ืคืจืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื“ื”ื• ื•ื ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื” ืœื’ื•ื“ืจื” ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ื ืžื ืข ืื•ืชื• ื—ืกื™ื“ ื•ืœื ื’ื“ืจื”. ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื ืก ื•ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื• ืฆืœืฃ ื•ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืคืจื ืกืช ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•". ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ืชื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื—ืกื™ื“, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืืœืขืื™.
ื”ื ื—ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื
ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืžื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ. ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื” ืชื•ืขืœืชื ื™ืช "ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื", ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื•ื” ืžื’ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ึดื ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื ื™ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื•ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืงื ื•ืช. ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืฉืืœ ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืจืื•ื•ื”, ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืจืื•ื•ื”, ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืงื , ื) ืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ "ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื“ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืฉื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ืœืœ ืืžืจ ืื‘ื ืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื• ืจืฉืื™ ืื ื™ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ืš ืขืœื™ื•".
ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืืจื’ืŸ ืฉื ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ืžืฆื ืกืžื•ืš ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืกืžื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช.
ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืœื ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืš. ื•ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื ื” ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืชื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืจืง ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื•ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ โ€“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื"ื— (ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืฉ"ืฉ ื'): "ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืช 'ื•ื›ื‘ื“ืชื• ืžืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ืš ืžืžืฆื•ื ื—ืคืฆืš ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ', ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ: 'ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื‘ื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ'. ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืขื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืขืกืง ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื“ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืžื™ืจื” ืžื•ืขืœืช ืœืขืฉื™ื”, ื“ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืชื• ืื– ื—ื‘ืจื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืขืกืง ืœืžื—ืจ, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžื™ืจื” ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืœืžื—ืจ, ื“ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื™ื• ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืžื—ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ืชื, ืืœื ืืกื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ืจ. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืžื—ืจ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื—ืคืฆื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื“ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื”ื• ืœื ืืžืจื• ื—ืคืฆื™ ืฉืžื™ื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ื“ื•ืงื ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื—ืจ ืื›ืชื•ื‘ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœื ืืžืจ, ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืžื—ืจ, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ืŸ".
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื” (ื ื—) ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื’ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื”: "ื•ึฐื–ึธืจึทื— ื‘ึผึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ืื•ึนืจึถืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒืคึตืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึทืฆึผึธื”ึณืจึธื™ึดื: ื•ึฐื ึธื—ึฒืšึธ ื”' ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทื—ึฐืฆึธื—ื•ึนืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึทื—ึฒืœึดื™ืฅ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ื›ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืจึธื•ึถื” ื•ึผื›ึฐืžื•ึนืฆึธื ืžึทื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึฐื›ึทื–ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืžึตื™ืžึธื™ื•: ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึฐืšึธ ื—ึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžื•ึนืกึฐื“ึตื™ ื“ื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ ืชึผึฐืงื•ึนืžึตื ื•ึฐืงึนืจึธื ืœึฐืšึธ ื’ึผึนื“ึตืจ ืคึผึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐืฉืื•ึนื‘ึตื‘ ื ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืช ืœึธืฉืึธื‘ึถืช: ืึดื ืชึผึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืžึดืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืจึทื’ึฐืœึถืšึธ ืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื—ึฒืคึธืฆึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึดื™ ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธืืชึธ ืœึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืขึนื ึถื’ ืœึดืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉื ื”' ืžึฐื›ึปื‘ึผึธื“ ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึผึทื“ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืžึผึฐืฆื•ึนื ื—ึถืคึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ: ืึธื– ืชึผึดืชึฐืขึทื ึผึทื’ ืขึทืœ ื”' ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธืžึณืชึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึทืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืคึผึดื™ ื”' ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึตืจ". ืืžืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช
ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืชื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืื•ืžืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: ืืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืœื“ืช, ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื–ืจื™ืงืช ืืคื™ื“ื•ืจืœ. ืืœื ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ื˜ืขื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื’ืจื ืœืืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื”. ื›ืœ ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงืœื”, ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ืฆื™ ืžืฉื•ืชืง ืงืฉื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘"ื” ืืฉืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื.
ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš. ื”ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื”. ืืฉืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืงืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืชื•ื ืืช ื ืงื‘ ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ื ืงืจื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 10% ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื•ืชืงืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”. ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืžืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช.
ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืื™ืš ื ื“ืข ืžื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜? ืžื” ื’ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืืคื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™, ื•ืœื ื”ืกืคืงื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื˜ืจื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื™ ืงื ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืžื ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ืจืืฉื” ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืงืจื”.
ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื”.
ื›ืŸ - ื”ื™ื ืขื ืชื”.
ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”? ืฉืืœืชื™.
ืืชื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืชืืžื™ืŸ ืื ืืกืคืจ ืœืš, ืขื ืชื” ืืฉืชื™.
ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™.
ื•ื›ืš ืกื™ืคืจื” ืืฉืชื™: ืืชื” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ื•ืœืžืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื, ืื• ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ 10% ืฉื™ืชื•ืง. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืคื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™, ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ืžื”ื—ืœื•ื. ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ื ืืžืช. ื”ื–ื–ืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืืช ืจืืฉื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœื”. ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ? ืฉืืœื” ืืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉืžื—ื”.
ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”. ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™.


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”
ืฉื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”"ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื" ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืชืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”?
ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ. ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.


ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื”, ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉื–ื” ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืžื ื ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™, ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืจืืชื” ืœื™ ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืžืชื— ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื•. ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืื ืื“ื ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.





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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ื•ืืจื
ื•ืืจื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il