ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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2 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘

(ืžืชื•ืš ื—"ื’)

ื‘ื•ืœื•ื ื™ื”, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” Bologna, Italy
ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื "ื’

ื’ื“ืจื™ "ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื"

ืฉืืœื”
ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ: "ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ืืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ื™ื“ื™ืŸ" (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœ ืข"ื)?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื”: "ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืžื™ืชืš"1, ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ2 ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื, ืžื˜ืขื ื“"ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ืืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ื™ื“ื™ืŸ". ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื "ืœ ืชืงืฃ. ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื:
ื. ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ3, ืฉืื ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื, ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”4, ืืš ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง, ืฉืžื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžืžื ื• - ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ5.
ื‘. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืช6. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ"7 ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžืœื—ื˜ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืžื—ื” ื‘ื• - ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ - ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืช.
ื’. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข, ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืืฃ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžืœื—ื˜ื•ื8, ื›ื "ืœ.
ื“. ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžื•ื˜ื‘" ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื•ื‘, ืœืขืช ืขืชื”, ืื™ื ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื” - ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ9.


ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื: ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืžืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžืœื—ื˜ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” - ืœื ื™ืžื—ื”.

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1 ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื–.
2 ืžืก' ืฉื‘ืช (ืงืžื— ืข"ื), ื‘ื™ืฆื” (ืœ ืข"ื), ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื (ืก ืข"ื‘).
3 ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืง ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืงื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ื‘"ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ" (ื›ืจืš ื‘).
4 ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืก ืข"ื‘, ืชื•ืก' ื“"ื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืกื™' ืชืจื— ืก"ืง ื’).
5 "ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" ื”ื "ืœ.
6 ืจื"ืฉ (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื“ืฃ ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ"), ื•ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— (ืกื™' ืชืจื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘), ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 3 ืกื™ื›ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื".
7 ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™" (ืกื™' ื™), ื“ืœื ื›"ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”" ืกื™' ืชืจื— ื“"ื” ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื.
8 ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ืžื›ื•ืช ื› ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื›ืžื”), ื”ืกืž"ืง ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื•ืœื ื›ืกืž"ื’), ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” (ืกื™' ืชืจื— ืก"ืง ื”). ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" ืฉื ืก"ืง ื• ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”"ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ" (ืชื ืื™ ื‘) ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” - ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื ืžื–ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื" (ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื“ืฃ ืœ ืข"ื). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”"ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื™ื”ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ - ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื•, ืืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืžื•ื ืขื• ืžืœื—ื˜ื•ื ืขื•ื“.
9 ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" (ืกื™' ืชืจื— ืก"ืง ื‘).
ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื’ื’ื™ื", ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:
ื. ืคื•ืจืงื™ ืขื•ืœ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื›ืœืœ "ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืžื™ืชืš" (ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”"ื–, ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ "ืขืžื™ืชืš").
ื‘. "ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”" (ืกื™' ืชืจื— ื“"ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ื‘ื• ื’ืก ื‘ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ, ืฉืื ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื ื•, ื™ืฉื ืื ื• ื•ื™ื ืงื•ื ืžืžื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื•.


ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il