ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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1624
6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืฉืืœื”:
ืื“ื ื—ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช (ื›-15 ืฉื ื”). ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื, ื•ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื”ื’ื• ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืคืฆืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื•ื ื” ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›-10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”"ื”ื˜ื‘ื”" ืฉืœ ื—ื ื™ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืจื›ืฉ ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื ื™ื”). ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉื›ื–ื”? ืื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืืชื›ื ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ.


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
ื. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ืฉื–ื• ื—ื ื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช 1 .
ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” 2 , ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื 3 .
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง" (597)
ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
44 - ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื™ื
45 - ื˜ืขื ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
46 - ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืขืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืœื— ืœื ืžืขืŸ
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ื’. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™. ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืฉื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื.


^ 1.ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื—ื ื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืืฃ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืกืžื•ืš ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™, ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื ื” ืฉื ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื™ืจืข ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›-10,000$ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื“ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช (ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื•).
^ 2.ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืก ืข"ื): "ืจ' ืืžื™ ื”ื•ื” ืœื™ื” ื–ื™ื–ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ื ืคื™ืง ืœืžื‘ื•ืื”... ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื‘ื•ืื” ืžืคื™ืง ื‘ื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืื” ืžื—ืœื™ืŸ, ื’ื‘ืื™ ื“ื™ื“ืš ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืคื™ืง, ืžืืŸ ืžื—ื™ืœ ื’ื‘ืš?" ืืžื ื, ืžื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื›ื’ ืข"ื) ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื›ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” "ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ... ื•ืื ืœืงื—ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ืข, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืชื•" โ€“ ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืœืœื•ืงื— "ืœืงื— ื—ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื–ื•ื–ื˜ืจืื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืงืชื”". ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืชื: "ื“ืื™ ืืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ืชื ื’ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื“ืื™ืžื•ืจ ื›ื•ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื™ ื ืžื™ ืื—ื•ืœื™ ืื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื‘ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ืœื, ื•ืื™ ืืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ื›ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื, ืื™ืžื ืคื™ื•ืกื™ื” ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื” ืื™ ื ืžื™ ืื—ื•ืœื™ ืื—ื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืŸ ืคื™ื™ืก ื•ืžืืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืง ืื™ืžื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื". ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ืจืง ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืœืœื•ืงื—, ื›ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช: ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืœื ื’ืจืกื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืื™ ื ืžื™ ืื—ื•ืœื™ ืื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืจื”"ืจ ื’ื‘ื™ื”", ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืก ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืื ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืžื—ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืื™). ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืื ื™ืžื—ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ืืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžื—ืœื•. ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื›ื’ ืข"ื) ืชื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงืž"ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืงื— ื—ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•. ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ื›ื’ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื•ืื™ ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื (ื ืœ"ื ื• ืงื‘ ืข"ื), ืฉื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจื”"ืจ โ€“ ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืœื•ืงื—".
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื‘ ืกื™' ืจืฆื‘), ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื›ื’ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืื—ื•ืœื™ ืื—ื™ืœื• ื’ื‘ื™ื”), ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื (ืก ืข"ื) ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ื– ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”; ืืš ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” (ื›ื’ ืข"ื), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ืขื ื• ื ื’ื“ื• ื›ืœื•ื โ€“ ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ, ืืš ืื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืชืืกืคื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื–' ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื—ืœื• ืœื• โ€“ ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ. ื‘"ืœื—ื ืจื‘" (ืกื™' ื˜ื–) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืš ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ืขื ื”, ืืš ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ืฉื—ื–ืงืช ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื”, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœืจ' ืืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื–ื™ื– ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืืš ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื•ืชื• ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื•, ืฉื”ื–ื™ื– ืฉืœื• ื™ืฆื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื–ื™ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ืืžื™ ื™ืฆื ืœืžื‘ื•ื™, ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ืจ' ืืžื™ "ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื‘ื•ืื”, ืžืคื™ืง ื‘ื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืื” ืžื—ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืื™" ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ื—ื–ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ืืžื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™? ืืœื ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ืขื ื”.
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื ืคืกืงื” ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขืœื” ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื. ื”ืฉื•"ืข (ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืงื ื’ ืกืข' ื‘) ื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื– ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืœืืœืชืจ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ื–", ื”ืจื™ ืฉืคืกืง ื›ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื—ื–ืงืช ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืœืืœืชืจ ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ืขื ื”. ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื: "ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื’' ืฉื ื™ื... ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืงืจืงืข". ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืคื•ืกืง ื›ืš, ืืœื ืฉืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื•"ืข (ืกื™' ืงื ื” ืกืข' ืœื”), ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ืื ืจืื” ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื•ืฉืชืง ื”ืจื™ ืžื—ืœ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื•, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจืž"ื: "ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ืืข"ื’ ื“ื™"ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื”". ื”ืกืž"ืข (ืฉื ืกื™' ืงื ื’ ืกืข' ืœื‘) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืž"ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขืชื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ืื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•, ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœืืœืชืจ ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื–ืงื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• โ€“ ื‘ื–ื” ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื’' ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื”. ืžื ื’ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜"ื– (ืฉื ืกื™' ืงื ื” ืกืข' ืœื”) ืฉื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื™ื ื›ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืกืชืคืง ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื›ืžื™ ืœืคืกื•ืง.
ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ืขื™ื ืœืจืž"ื (ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืกืž"ืข) ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื–ื• ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืงื ื” ื—ื ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉื•"ืข ื•ืœืจืž"ื (ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜"ื–) ืฉืคืกืงื• ื›ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ืขื ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื”"ืœื—ื ืจื‘" ืฉื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืฉื›ื ื•, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”. ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื” ืžืฉืชื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื—ื™ืœืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœืขื›ื‘ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืื•ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืฉืžื—ืœื• ืžื–ื” ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ื•, ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืœื•ืชื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืœื• ืข"ื), ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ืฉ"ืงื™ื“ืจื ื“ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื ืงืจื™ืจื™".
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืจื™"ืฃ, ืœืจื"ืฉ, ืœืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ืœืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ืœืจืฉื‘"ื (ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื) ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื˜ืขื ืชื•, ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืก ืข"ื) ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืฉื ืจ' ืืžื™: "ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื‘ื•ืื” ืžืคื™ืง ื‘ื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืื” ืžื—ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืื™, ื“ื™ื“ืš ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืคื™ืง ืžืืŸ ืžื—ื™ืœ ื’ื‘ืš", ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืก ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืœื“ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืื”), ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื ื”ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ... ืœืจื”"ืจ ืžืืŸ ืžื—ื™ืœ, ื“ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืช". ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื: "ืž"ืž ืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื”ื ื“ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื›ืจื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ื–ืงื”". ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืžื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื• ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื›ืจื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืกื™ืง ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื›ืจื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืขืจืขืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืช โ€“ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื• ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื”: ืœืžื›ื•ืจ, ืœื”ืคืงื™ืข ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืื ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™, ื•ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื”, ืืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืฉืชืงื• ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื•.
ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”. ืฉื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืคืฅ, ื ื›ืก ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืจืง ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืง (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™"ืž ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ ืข"ื, ืฉืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉืžืกื™ืจืช ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืชื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•"). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ื ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื ื” ื‘ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื—ื ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื–ืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ื”ื ื›ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ.
^ 3.ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื, ืžื“ื™ืŸ "ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื", ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืจื"ืฉ ("ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช" ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื™ื‘ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื), ืฉืœืžื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืื“ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ื›ืก ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื—ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ื›ืš โ€“ ื‘ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื" (ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœ"ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘", ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ื ื›ืก, ืฉืžืฉื•ื "ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉื™ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื›ืก, ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืจื). ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืชืžื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื", ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื™ืงื‘ืœ; ืื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืื—ืจืช ืชืžื•ืจืชื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื›"ืžื™ื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื" ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื ื” ืฉื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื•ืœื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื‘ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” โ€“ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื›"ืžื™ื“ืช ืกื“ื•ื".
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

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    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืจื›ื• - ื—ืœืง ื”'

    ื™"ื“ ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–

    ื™"ื“ ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–
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    ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”

    ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื• ืžืฉื ื” ื‘,ื’

    ื— ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื— ืชืฉืค"ื‘

    ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 423

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
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    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืจื›ื• - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื™' ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–

    ื™' ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il