ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช
  • ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื’ืจืจ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฉื‘ ื’ื ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืฉื ื’ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืžืœืš ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง[1].

ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง "ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ืœืš ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื’ื“ืœ ืžืื•ื“" (ื›"ื•, ื™ื’). ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื•, ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื ืžืงื ืื™ื ("ื•ื™ืงื ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื" โ€“ ื›"ื•, ื™ื“) ื•ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืคืชืขื”. ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืžืœืš ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ืขืžื• ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ("ืื—ื•ื–ืช ืžืจืขื”ื•") ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ืื• (ืคื™ื›ื•ืœ) ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืชืžื” "ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืชื ืืœื™, ื•ืืชื ืฉื ืืชื ืื•ืชื™, ื•ืชืฉืœื—ื•ื ื™ ืžืืชื›ื". ืืžื ื, ื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื ืชืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ืจืขื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื’ืขื ื•ืš, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืžืš ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘". ื”ืื ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”? ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืขืฉื• ืขืžื• ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘?

ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืื‘ื™ื•, ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืœืš ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื. ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื ืืžืจ "ืื ืชืฉืงื•ืจ ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™" โ€“ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื’ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ (ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš) ื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื˜ื”: ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ืจื‘ืงื”, ื’ื–ืœ ืื• ืกืชื ืืช ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืคืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื’ื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื’ืจืจ.

ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• "ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืžืš ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘"? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง! ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื” ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืืœื™ื•?

ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื™ืฆื—ืง (ื›"ื•, ื›ื—): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึธืื•ึน ืจึธืึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”' ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึทื ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ื ึธื ืึธืœึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืช ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ".

ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื’ืจืจ ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื•ืฆืื ื• ื•ื‘ืงืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืืฃ ืงื ืื• ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืžื“ื•ืข, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืœื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืื– ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”'?

ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื ืคืจื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช (ื›ืš ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ[2]). ืื•ืœื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—! ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ืช ืžืงื•ื. ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื’ืจืจ ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื›ืขืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื–ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”'.

ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื–ื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ื, ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืฉืงืจื™ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืข ืœื™ื‘ื, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื’ื ื›ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉืชื•ืง, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืขืชื, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช "ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืชื ืืœื™ ื•ืืชื ืฉื ืืชื ืื•ืชื™โ€ฆ". ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืžื”, ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื•, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื” "ื‘ื ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืžืจืžื” ื•ื™ืงื— ื‘ืจื›ืชืš", ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœืขืฉื• ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืขืžื™ ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื’ืขืชื ื‘ื™, ืœืงื—ืชื ืืช ืืฉืชื™, ื’ื ื‘ืชื ืืช ื‘ืืจื•ืชื™ื™, ื’ืจืฉืชื ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ืคืจืชื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื ื—ืชืžื” ืขื ืื‘ื™?

ื ืจืื”, ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืžื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœื• ืžื˜ืจืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืจืช ืื™ืชื ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืื•ืœื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื™ื›ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ืขืžื•. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืงื ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”'.

ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื’ื ื”ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื—ืฉื™ื ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืงื ืื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื•. ืืžื ื, ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš, ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื•ืคืฃ ื‘ืฆืœื•. ืื– ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.

ืžื™ื“, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื–ื•ื›ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจ ืื—ืจืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืžืชื™ ืงืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ: ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื“"ืง ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืขื–ื‘ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœื›ืชื.

ื‘ืืจ ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช "ืฉื‘ืขื”". ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช (ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื—ืคืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืฆื—ืง: ืขืกืง, ืฉื˜ื ื”, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช). ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืจื ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ืš ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืงืจื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” "ื›ื™ ืฉื ื ืฉื‘ืขื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื".

ืื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉืฉื ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืจื“"ืง, ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืฉื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ืคื•ืงื“ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื•ื›ืขืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงื•ืจื ืœื‘ืืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข.

ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืคืจื•, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืจืข ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืขื–ื‘, ื›ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื›ืจืžื‘"ืŸ. ืžื“ื•ืข, ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ืฆืจืš ืœื‘ืืจ ื ื•ืกืคืช? ื•ื”ืจื™, ืขื“ ื‘ืืจ ื–ื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ืคืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืฃ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื: "ื•ื™ื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืืจ ืื—ืจืช ื•ืœื ืจื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”' ืœื ื• ื•ืคืจื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ". ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื•ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืขืช ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”', ืืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง.

ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืฉื ื‘ืขื” ื’ื ืžื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืžืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืชื•, ื•ืžืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื›ืš, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ืฉื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืžืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช, ื”', ื™"ื) ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื:

ืื ื“ืงื“ืง ื”ื—ื›ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืขืชื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ืขืžื”ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื ื‘ืกื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ืขืœื‘ ืžื”ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื‘ื, ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืืœื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชืจื—ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื•ืžื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžืงืœืกื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืชืื•ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”' ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืš ืืชืคืืจ.

ื’ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืจื•ืก, ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื•. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืžืžืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ื›ื™ื•ื โ€“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”.[3] ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื•, ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืื• ืื–, ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื•ืคืฃ ืชื—ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฃ ืชื—ืช ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

[1] ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.

[2] ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›"ื•, ื›ื—): "ื•ึทืึฒืžึธืจื•ึผ ืžึทื—ึฐืžึธื ื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ึธื ืึฒืจื•ึผื ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึธื ื“ึทื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึผึฐืกึทืขึฒื“ึธืšึฐ ื“ึฐื‘ึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธืšึฐ ื”ึฒื•ึทื•ืช ืœึธืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื˜ึทื‘ึฐืชึธื ื•ึผื›ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื ึฐืคึทืงึฐืชึผึธื ืžึดืŸ ืึทืจึฐืขึธืŸ ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืจึธืŸ ื•ึฐืึดื™ืœึธื ึธื ืœึธื ืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืคึตื™ืจึดื™ืŸ".

[3] ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ "ื•ืฉืžืžื• ืขืœื™ื” ืื•ื™ื‘ื›ื" โ€“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื).
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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ

ืจื‘ ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื‘' ื‘ืืœื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื™ื•"ืจ ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืจืืฉ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืจื‘ ื”ืงืžืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘.
ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช
ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ื•

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•" ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš" ื•ื”"ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื", ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืืช-ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื

    ืžื” ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช? ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”? ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื’ืœ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    5 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื—ื•ืงืช - ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”

    ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    47 ื“ืง'
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจ ?

    ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•.

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ืงื•ืจื— - ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    37 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ' - ืœ"ื

    ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” | ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช | ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ | ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ | ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช |ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

    ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘

    ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘''ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘''ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘. ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ | ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค''ื•
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    1:02
    ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื

    ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชืคื“ื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

    ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช | ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ | ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœื | ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ | ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื“ื” | ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืงื• | ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ืœืื™ืœื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    38 ื“ืง'
    ืžืœื›ื™ื - ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™

    ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ืคืจืง ื›"ื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›"ื‘ - ืœ'

    ืœืžื” ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ? ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืงื? ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ - ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื? ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืœ"ื— - ืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”. ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื—ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืคืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช- ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืคืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื›"ื“ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il