ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•)
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื—ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืคื™ื ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื ื• ื™"ื“ ืื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงืคืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ืœื’' ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื ื).
ืกื“ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช
ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืช "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื", ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•).
ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ - ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืชื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ื˜ืœื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื‘ืงื™ ืืช ืงืจื™ืืชื” ื•ื™ืฉื›ื— ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื” ื“' ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื” (ืžืฉื ื” ืจื™ืฉ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื’ืž' ืฉื ื“, ื‘, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื˜ื•).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™
ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืช ืžื•ืงืฆื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืืฃ ื‘ืžื•ืงื•ืคื™ื ืืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ืื” (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“, ื‘).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืงืฆื” (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืคื— ื™ื–).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ ืžื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืžื•ืงืฆื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ (ื—ื–ื•"ื ืงื ื” ื).
ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ (ืชืจืคื— ื™) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืขื•ืช.
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื˜"ื– ื‘ืื“ืจ
ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ (ื˜ ื›ื–) "ื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ", ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจื™ื (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘, ื ื“"ื” ื—ืœ).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™
ืœืคื™ ื“ืื›ืชื™ ืœื ืžื˜ื ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื (ืจ"ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“ืฃ ื’, ื‘ ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื™ืื›ืœื• ืœืชืื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืฉื‘ืช [ืžืฉื"ื› ื›ืฉืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืื– ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ] (ืชื•ืจืช ืชืžื™ืžื” ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ืคืจืง ื˜ ื›ื‘).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื’ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื™"ื ื•ื‘ื™"ื‘ (ื ื—ืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ 23 ืื•ืช ื›).
ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”: ืœืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ืขืฉื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™"ื“ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืžื ื• ืžืžื ื• ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— (ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื—"ื‘ ื‘' ืืœืคื™ื ืงื”).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™"ื“ ืืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืค"ื ื”"ื“).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืชืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”, ื ื“"ื” ื‘ืืœื•), ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”: ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” (ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืชืจืคื— ื•).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื•" ื•ืื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ ื™ืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ื”ืืœืฃ ืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืคื”),
ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉ"ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" ื•"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืžื• ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื• (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื–).
ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ [ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉ"ืง]
ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื˜ ื›ื‘) "ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”" ื•ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืค"ื ื”"ื“) "ืืช ืฉืฉืžื—ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืื” ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืฉืžื—ืชื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืžื™ืœื ืฉืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื—).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.
ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ืœื— ืžื ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ืฆืื” (ืžืื™ืจื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”, ื). ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื• (ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื•"ื— ืงื ื”).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืชื• ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชืจืคื— ื– ื‘ืฉื ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื ืชื ืืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ ื”ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœ, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื—).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ [ื™"ื“ ืื“ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื“ืคืจื–ื™ื] ืžืฉื•ื ื˜ื•ืจื— ื”ื›ื ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช.
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื“ื—ื• ืœื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” "ื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ" [ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”] ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ืœืžื•ืงื•ืคื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืžืืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื™"ื’ ื‘ืื“ืจ
ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช ืืกืชืจ ื•ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ (ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืจืขื• ื).
ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ
ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื—ื”, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™"ื’ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ืืกืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชื ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื•ื ืคืœื“, ื•ืœื•ื— ื"ื™).
ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืžื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืœื ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ืงืจืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื (ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื).
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ืžื ื—ื”: ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื ื—ื” ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื•ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ืžื”ืชืขื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ืฉื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ (ื ื˜ืขื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืคืจืง ื ื ื”ืขืจื” ื‘).
ืœื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืื•ืจ ืœื™"ื“
ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช: ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืืชื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžืชืืกืคื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืงืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, (ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ื—, ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจื™"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืคืจืง ื‘ ื’), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื (ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืงืžื ื“ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืขืจื‘).
ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”.
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื": ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ื‘"ื™ ืชืจืคื— ื‘ืฉื ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•, ืชืจืฆื’ ื‘), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืžื™ืจืชื• (ืจืœื‘"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘),
ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื"
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื", ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืœื ื™ื˜ืขื” (ืœื•ื— ื"ื™, ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื‘ ื”).
ื˜ืขื” ื•ืืžืจ "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื"
ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื™ื‘ื•ืช "ืžืขื•ืœื ืงื•ื™ื ื• ืœืš" ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš "ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื".
ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ื”' ื’ื•ืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื—"ื ืชืงื—, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื–), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืฉื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ (ื”ืขืจืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืž ื˜ื•ืงืฆื™ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ).
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”: ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•"ืข ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“.
ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื•
ื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื‘ ื™ื‘).
"ื•ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ": ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ" ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืœื•ื— ื"ื™, ื“ื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 12).
ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ื "ื’ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืจื™ื"
ืžืื—ืœื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช "ื’ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืจื™ื" "ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—", ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ื— ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืื’ืจืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื“).
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื” (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”, ื ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื›, ืชืจืฆ ืก"ืง ืกื).
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืงืจื™ืื” ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื” (ืคืจ"ื— ืชืจืฆ ื™ื—, ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉื ืž), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” [ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื˜"ื•] ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืœืขื›ื•ื‘ื (ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ"ืŸ), ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืฆ ืก"ืง ืกื•).
ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ
ืืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื• ืฉืชืชืืกืคื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ (ื”ื’ืจื™ื—"ื– ื‘ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืกื–), ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืฆ ืก"ืง ืกื’ ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื—), ื•ืืฃ ืขืฉืจื” ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” (ื”ื’ืจื "ืง ื—ื•ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื—"ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืกื‘ ื™ื‘).
ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื‘ืขืœ ืงื•ืจื
ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื›ืœ ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื–ืŸ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื (ื”ื’ืจ"ืž ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืš ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื“ื™ื ื™ ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“ ืฉื›ืš ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื–), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืง ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื (ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื•"ื— ืงื ื”).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืงืจืื• ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื” ื“' ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“, ื‘, ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•).
ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” : ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืงืฆืช ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืงืฆืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื–ื™ืจืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืื›ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื” ื, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืก"ืง ื™ื’).
ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ - ื™"ื“ ื‘ืื“ืจ
ื™"ื“ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื“), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื“ื"ื› ื™ื‘ื•ื ืคืกื— ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘' ื•ืœื (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื•"ืข ืชื›ื— ื) ื‘ื“"ื• ืคืกื— (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืคื• ืœื‘).
ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื” (ืจ"ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื’, ื‘) ืื ื™"ื“ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืค"ื ื”"ื‘).
ืฉื—ืจื™ืช
ื•ืชื™ืงื™ืŸ: ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ (ืžื’"ื ืชืจืฆื’ ื‘, ืฉืข"ืช ืจ"ืก ืชืจืกื“).
ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”: ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืงืจื•ื‘ืฅ: ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื•, "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื": ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื", ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื– ื).
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ืื—ืจ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—"ืง ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื™ื‘ื ืขืžืœืง" (ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื›ืจ ืข' ื›ื˜ ื‘ ื•ืกื ื‘)
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”: ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื–).
ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื’ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื ื’ ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื, ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื‘ ื, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื).
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื"
ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื– ื, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื–), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ืžื ื• ื‘ื˜"ื• ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืฉื).
"ืœืžื ืฆื—": ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจ "ืืฉืจื™" ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœืžื ืฆื—" (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื’ ื’).
ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื
ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื’) "ื”' ืžืœืš" ื•ืœื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื›"ื‘ "ืœืžื ืฆื— ืขืœ ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ" ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” (ืœื•ื— ื"ื™, ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ื—, ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื™ื˜).
ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื
ืืฃ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื—ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื• ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“, ื‘).
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื: ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืžืขื•"ื– ืกืขื™ืฃ ื— ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื—).
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืขื ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืžืื™ืจื™, ื›ื ื”"ื’ ืชืจืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื›ื ื”"ื’ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจื—"ื– ื”). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืขื˜ ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช (ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจื™"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“).
ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื•ืช (ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจื—"ื– ื”).
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื”
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•', ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ื ื›ืฉื—ืœ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช (ื”ื’"ืจ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื’ื–'ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื˜, ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืคืจืง ื‘ ื›ื”). ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ ืจืง ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช (ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ 28).
ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช
ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ืงื•ื™ื“ื ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ, ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ืœื™ืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ื ื)
ืฉื‘ืช ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื“ืจ
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื"
ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื" ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืจืง ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืœื™ื•ื ื•' ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื• ื“' ืืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื‘ืงื™, ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื–).
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ื”ืคื˜ืจื”
ืื—ืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื‘' ืกืคืจื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืงืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื•, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื– ื—) "ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืง" (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•).
ื”ืคื˜ืจื”: ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื• (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื˜ื•) "ืคืงื“ืชื™ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง" ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื˜ื–, ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืคืจืง ื” ื”).
ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ืจืช "ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื"
ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื" (ืฉื•"ืข ืก"ืก ืจืคื‘ ื•ืจ"ืก ืชืจืฆื–, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื” โ€“ ื•, ืœื•ื— ื"ื™), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ (ืกืคืจ ืืจ"ื™ ืกื•ืก"ื—).
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ
ืืฃ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื", ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื—ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื•ืกืฃ ืืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช.
ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื
ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื‘) "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช", ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืก"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘' ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื (ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ ืงื ื—, ืœื•ื— ื"ื™), ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื›"ื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื "ืœืžื ืฆื— ืขืœ ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ" ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช" [ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“] (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื”).
"ืฆื“ืงืชืš"
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” "ืฆื“ืงืชืš" ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื”).
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื‘ ื‘) ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• "ืฆื“ืงืชืš" (ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืก' ืชืจืขื• ืื•ืช ื”, ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื” ื˜ื•).
ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื— ืฉื›ืš ื“ืขืช ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘). ื•ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื "ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื›ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื", ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื "ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข" ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืชื›ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื”ื• ืคื’ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” (ืžื•ืข"ื– ื—"ื‘ ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื˜, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื™ื).
ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื—"ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื ื•)
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื”).
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืชื• ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชืจืคื— ื– ื‘ืฉื ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื ืชื ืืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืื•ืช ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ ื”ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืœ, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื”, ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”"ืฉ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื—"ื‘ ื›ื ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื” 12 ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื‘ืขืœืžื). ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘' ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• (ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืž ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืš ื”ืขืจื” ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื’ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช).
ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื• ื“' ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื”"ืจ.
ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื›ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื”ืื™ืš ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืฉื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ืฉื™ื˜ืขื” ื•ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื›ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืชื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื ื“ื—ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื• (ืฉื•"ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื›ืจืš ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื–).
ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœื”
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœืงืจืืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื• ื“' ืืžื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืžื•ืงืฆื” ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืจื™ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืจ"ื— ืชืจืคื— ื•, ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ืœืœ ืงื ื” ื™).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ืฉืืจ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื™ื— ื‘ืฉื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื"ืจ, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืข, ื—ืกื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“).
ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื
ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื• ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืขื™ื ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“, ื).
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื“"ื” ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืชืจืคื— ืก"ืง ื˜ื–), ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—"ื– ืกื™ืžืŸ ื , ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื—"ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื’).
ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืฉื”: ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ื› ื”ืขืจื” ื ื’ ื ื“).
ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ืœ ื˜"ื– ื‘ืื“ืจ
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื": ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื ืขื" "ื•ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ" (ืจื“ื‘"ื– ืชืง ื—, ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื” ื”), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื (ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืืœื’ื–ื™).
ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืžืœื›ื”: ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ื–ื™ืจืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื” ื).
ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
"ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช" ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื’ืœื™ืก ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืžืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”).
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื": ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ื—ื•ื’ ืืจืฅ ืœืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืืœื’ื–ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืช ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื• - ื–).
"ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื": ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ "ืœื“ื•ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ", ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ื— ื”).
"ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ" "ืœืžื ืฆื—" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›)
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœืžื ืฆื—" (ืœื•ื— ื"ื™, ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืคื— ืžื–, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื• - ื–), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” (ืฉื).
ื’ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืจื™ื - ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืคื•ืงื“ื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื’ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืจื™ื" "ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—", ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื (ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื•).
ืžืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•"ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื‘).
ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•"
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคืจื™ ืื• ืœื‘ื™ืฉืช ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื˜).
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช
ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื• (ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื• ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื—"ื ืชืงื—).
ื•ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืฉืœื— ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืค"ื— ื– ื”ืขืจื” ื™ื).
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื [ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™]
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ: ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ [ื‘ืŸ ื›ืจืš] ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื•ืœื ืœืื•ืจื— ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื— ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื– ื”ืขืจื” ื™ื‘).
ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื
ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” (ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“, ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื“ ืค"ื‘ ื”ืขืจื” ื ื‘).
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™
ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืกื•ืžื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”.
ืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืคื•ืจื™ื (ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื•).
ืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” (ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜).
ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื•ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืคื— ื•), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื' ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ื— ื”ืขืจื” ื›ื).
"ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื"
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื' [ื˜"ื– ื‘ืื“ืจ].
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื”ืคืกืง (ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืจืขื• ื• ืœื’ืจ"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“).
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• "ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื" ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื” (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื— ื™ื).
ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื”: ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื” (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื™ื’). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื ื˜).
ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ื‘ื™"ื“ ื•ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื˜"ื– ื‘ืื“ืจ
ืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ื—ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™"ื“ ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช
ื›ืฉื—ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื—ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื” ื‘, ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืก"ืง ื™).
ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื: ืœื”ืกืชืคืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ (ื‘ื"ื— ืฉื ื” ื ืฆื• ื›ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื: ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืชืฆื–).
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืžื ื”ื’ ื•ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ืื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื‘ืขืจ"ืฉ ืื•ืงืžื ืื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืฉืจื™ (ืกืคืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ื ื‘).
ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช] ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ื), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืคืจื–ื™ื ืœืžื•ืงืคื™ืŸ (ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื).
ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืช
ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื˜"ื– ื‘ืื“ืจ ื›ืฉื—ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื“ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืคื™ื“ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื“ ื– ื).
"ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ" "ืœืžื ืฆื—"
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ "ื•ืœืžื ืฆื—" (ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืคืจืง ื–' ื, ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•, ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ 20).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจืง ื›ื ื—), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•"ื˜ ื“ืžื•ืงื•ืคื™ื (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื– ื‘ืฉื ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื“). ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื• ื—"ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ ืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ืคื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืกืคืง ืžื•ืงืฃ, ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืคืจืง ื– ื‘).
ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™"ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื” ื‘) ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™"ื“ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื (ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ืื•"ื— ืชืจืคื— ื‘ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ื“ ื– ื).




ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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