ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”
  • ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื
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14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฆืžื— ื‘ืŸ ืžื–ืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ืขืžืœืง ื ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึฐ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึถื‘ึดื™". ื”"ืฉื‘ื™" ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืขืฉื• ืขื™ืกืงืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขืžืœืงื™ื. ื”ื ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ื”ื ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื• ืื•ืชื. ื’ื ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืกืงื” ืขื ื”ืขืžืœืงื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืคืฉื˜ื• ืขืœ ืฆืงืœื’ ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ืขื™ืžื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื, ืœ).
ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื•? ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื ื—ืœืฅ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืœื•ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“: ื™ื“-ื˜ื–) ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืจื“ืฃ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฆื—ื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืงื™ื ื•ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ืžืœื›ื™ ืกื“ื•ื, ืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืžืจื—ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขื“ ื“ืŸ, ืขื“ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื“ืžืฉืง ื•ืฉื™ื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื‘"ืขึตืžึถืง ืฉืึธื•ึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ืขึตืžึถืง ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ" - "ืฉื”ื•ืฉื•ื• ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“ ื™ื–).

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื
ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื. "ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืคืจื ืกืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืกื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืžืื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื•ื”ืžืขืœื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ 'ืœื ืชืืžืฅ ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืœื ืชืงืคื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ืš'. ื•ืขืœ 'ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš'. ื•ืขืœ 'ืœื ื™ืจื“ื ื• ื‘ืคืจืš ืœืขื™ื ื™ืš'. ื•ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช 'ืคืชื— ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื™ื“ืš ืœื•'. ื•ืžืฆื•ืช 'ื•ื—ื™ ืื—ื™ืš ืขืžืš' 'ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš' 'ื•ื”ืฆืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช' ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื"
ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื’ื‘ื• ืžืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื”, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืžืขื•ืช. ืงื ื• ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืžื›ืจื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืœื ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืกืœื•ื ื•ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื‘ื ื• ื•ื’ืžืจื•, ืœื ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื• ืœืคื“ื™ื•ื ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ".
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• (713)
ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
5 - "ื–ึนืืช ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื”'..."
6 - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื
7 - ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“

"ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš" - ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืง ืกื›ื ื”
ืžืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื“ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•. "ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื•ืื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืื• ื—ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจืจืชื• ืื• ืœืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš". (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขื’.).
ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชื›ื•) ื ืคืกืง: "ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืื• ื—ื™ื” ืจืขื” ื‘ืื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ืฉื™ืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืื• ืฉืฉืžืข ืขื›ื•"ื ืื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืจืขื” ืื• ื˜ื•ืžื ื™ื ืœื• ืคื— ื•ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ื–ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื•, ืื• ืฉื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขื›ื•"ื ืื• ื‘ืื ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ื™ืกื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘ื• ื•ืœื ืคื™ื™ืกื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš".
ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืกื›ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืค"ื— ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืฉืžืกืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืจื‘ ืื™ืžื™
. "ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืžื™ ืื™ืชืฆื“ ื‘ืกื™ืคืกื™ืคื” ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื™ื›ืจืš ื”ืžืช ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื•. ืืžืจ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื“ืื ื ืงื˜ื™ืœ ืื ื ืžืชืงื˜ื™ืœ, ืื ื ืื™ื–ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื–ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื. ืื–ืœ ื•ืคื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื” ืœื™ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืืชื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืชื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื•ืŸ ืžื” ื“ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื™ื” ื™ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืžื˜ื ืœื”ื”ื•ื ืขืžื ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืคืกื™ืจื•ืก ืขื“ ื“ืื–ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื”ื•ืŸ".

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™ ื ืชืคืก ื•ื ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืกื•ืคื”. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ: "ื™ื›ืจืš ื”ืžืช ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื•". ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืืžืจ ืขื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ืจื’. ืžื” ืขืฉื”? ื”ืœืš ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื”ื•. ืืžืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืื• ืื™ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ืืชื›ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ื‘ืื• ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืฉื™ืชื ืฉืฉื—ืจืจืชื ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™. ื›ืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• - ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื. ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื.
ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื’ืœ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ ื—ื›ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžื• "ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื" ื ืชืคืก ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืกื™ืคื”, ื”ืœืš ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™, ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ. ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš. ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช.
ื”ืกืž"ืข ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื•"ืข ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืกืคืง ืกื›ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื‘ืจื"ืฉ. ืืžื ื ืžืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืž"ืข ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ื”ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืื–ื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืกืคืง ืกื›ื ื”, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘. ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืื™ืชื•. "ืื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกืคืง ืกื›ื ื” ื•ืœื ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœื’ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืœืš ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื "ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืš ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš". ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืกื“ "ืžื™ ืฉืื‘ื“ื” ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ื•ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื‘ื™ื“ืชื• ื•ื‘ืื‘ื™ื“ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื•, ืฉืื‘ื™ื“ืชื• ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื‘ื™ื“ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืจื‘ื• ื›ื“ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ืžืืคืก ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืš ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ, (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•, ื“) ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืื ืœื ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ ืžื•ื›ื—, ื•ืื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ืงื“ืง ืคื•ืจืง ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ืœ ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช".
ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ (ืงืžื•) ืคืกืง ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื‘ืกืคืง ืกื›ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื•ืœืขืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื ืฉืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื" (ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื, ื).

ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•: (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”/ื) "ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื". ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” "ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื"?. ื”ืื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืชืช ืชืื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื ื›ืจื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ. ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืชืื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืกืฃ. ื›ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื, ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ืžื ืกื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื“ื ืฉืฉืžื• "ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจ ื“ืจื’ื". ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• "ืชืœื™ืกืจ ืืœืคื™ ื“ื™ื ืจื™ ื–ื”ื‘". ืื ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ืื ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืกื• ื–ื” - ืžื•ืชืจ. ื“ื•ื—ื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจ ื“ืจื’ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื?
ืžืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืœืžื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื‘ืื™ื ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ืคืจืง ื— ื™ื‘) "ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืชืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื“ืคื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืชื". ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื ื‘). "ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื• ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืชื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ".
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืœืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื ื‘ ื“) ืฉ"ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืจืง ืฉืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ืœื•. ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืœืžื• ื”ื•ื ืœื "ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•".

ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืืฉืชื•
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื“ืขื” ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืืฉืชื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื™ ืขืฉืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœื”. "ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื”, ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืคื•ื“ื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš - ืจืฆื” ืคื•ื“ื”, ืจืฆื” ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื“ื”, ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ืชืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื". ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืขื— ื‘) ืคืกืง ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ. ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื” ืืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื” ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช". ื”ืจืž"ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” "ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ืืฉืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ืžื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื•".
ืฉื•ืืœ ืชื•ืก' (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื‘.) ืœืžื” ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืืฉืชื•? ื•ืขื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ ืขื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื“ ื ืคืฉื•" ื•ืืฉืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•.

ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ
ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก' ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ืืฉืชื• ืขื“ ืคื™ ืขืฉืจ ืžื“ืžื™ื•. ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื›ื™ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื?
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื. "ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืœื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืงื™ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืื ืฉื•ืชื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื - ืžืชื™ื, ื•ืื ืฉื•ืชื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ - ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘. ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉืชื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื•ืืœ ื™ืจืื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืžื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ืœื™ืžื“ 'ื•ื—ื™ ืื—ื™ืš ืขืžืš' - ื—ื™ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจืš" (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืกื‘.)
ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื’ื ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื—. (ื ื™ื“ื” ืกื:) "ื”ื ื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื’ืœื™ืœื ื“ื ืคืง ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ืงืœื ื“ืงื˜ื•ืœ ื ืคืฉื ืืชื• ืœืงืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืœื™ื” ืœื˜ืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžืจ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ ืœื ืื˜ืžืจื™ื ื›ื• ื—ื–ื• ื™ืชื™ื™ื›ื•, ืื˜ืžืจื™ื ื›ื• ื”ื ืืžื•ืจ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื”ืื™ ืœื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื™ืฉื ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ืœืงื‘ื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžื‘ืขื™ ืžื™ื—ืฉ ืœื™ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ ื–ื™ืœื• ืืชื•ืŸ ื˜ืžืจื• ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื›ื•". ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื’ืœื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฆื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงื•ืœ ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื—ื• ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื‘ืื• ืœืจื‘ื™ ื˜ืจืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉื™ื—ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืืขืฉื”? ืื ืœื ืื—ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื - ื™ืžืฆืื• ืืชื›ื. ืื ืื—ื‘ื™ื - ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืืžืช ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืฉืชื—ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื.

ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ - ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืœืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื
ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื’ืจื•ื ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื•ืจื’ื• ืจืง ืžื•ืกืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ืืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ". ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœื• - ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื. ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื“ืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•?
ืืžื ื ื›ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื“ืžืš ืฉืœืš ืื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืš? ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘. ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืฃ ืคื‘/ื) ืื ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• "ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื• ื•ืื ื™ืขื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื™ื”ืจื’ื•ื”ื•" ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื“ื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ื•ื ืžืฉืœืš? ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•. ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื”. ืื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื“ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื ื—: ืข"ื)
"ืชึผึธื ื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื ึธืŸ, ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื—ึฒื ึดื™ื ึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืœึดื›ึฐืจึทืšึฐ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืžึดื™, ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน, ืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืง ืึถื—ึธื“ ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึธืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื™ึฐืคึตื” ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืจึนืึดื™, ื•ึผืงึฐื•ึปืฆึผื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืกึฐื“ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ืชึผึทืœึฐืชึผึทืœึผึดื™ื. ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื•ึฐืขึธืžึทื“ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ืึธืžึทืจ, (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื‘) "ืžึดื™ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึดืžึฐืฉืึดืกึผึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘? ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื‘ึนื–ึฐื–ึดื™ื"? ืขึธื ึธื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืง ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ: "ื”ึฒืœึนื ื”' ื–ื•ึผ ื—ึธื˜ึธืื ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึธื ืึธื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ื”ึธืœื•ึนืšึฐ, ื•ึฐืœึธื ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน". ืึธืžึทืจ, ืžื•ึผื‘ึฐื˜ึฐื—ึทื ึดื™ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉืึถืžึผื•ึนืจึถื” ื”ื•ึนืจึธืึธื” ื‘ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึดื™ ื–ึธื– ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืึถืคึฐื“ึผึถื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึธืžื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถืคึผื•ึนืกึฐืงึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ, ืœึธื ื–ึธื– ืžึดืฉึผืึธื ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืคึผึฐื“ึธืื•ึน ื‘ึฐืžึธืžื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื”, ื•ึฐืœึธื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืžื•ึผืขึธื˜ึดื™ื ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ื•ึนืจึธืึธื” ื‘ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึผืžึธื ื•ึผ? ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึฑืœึดื™ืฉืึธืข". ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ืžืขืฉืจืช ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช.



ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžื”
ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืžืฆื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืขืจ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืงืข ื”ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืœื ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•? "ื•ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื ื“ืคืจืงื™ื” ืœื”ื”ื•ื ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ื™ื–ืงื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ื ื—.) ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืœื’ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื™ ื ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ืœื ืœื™ื’ืจื‘ื•". ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉืขืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื• ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ืฉื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ืชืงื ื” (ืข"ืค ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“"ื” ื“ืœื).
ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช
ื‘ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืจื ื‘, ื“ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ื•ืคืจ ืžื•ืคืจื– ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื™ืชื” ื”ืงืœื• (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ื ื—/ื) "ื›ื™ ืื™ื›ื ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ" ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืฉื•ืœื— (ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืฃ ืžื“.) ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืงื˜ืœื".
ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ืžืื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช? ืื ืชืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืชืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ. ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืื ืชืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืกื›ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื“ื• ืื•ืชื•
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ื–ืงื. ืื ื›ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจื ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ื.
ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืžืชื™ืจื” ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•, ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืจื•ึนื˜ึถื ึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืจื’ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1286 ื‘ืจื— ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฆื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฆื• ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื "ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืš", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืกื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื™ื”ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื ืœื›ื“ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื, ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื ื›ืœื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืึถื ืกื™ืกื”ึทื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ื’ื–ื”ื ืฉื‘ืืœื–ึทืก.
ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•" ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื•, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ืกื›ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื, ืขืฉืจื™ื ืืœืฃ ืžืืจืง. ื‘ื ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื”ื›ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืกืคื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ื ืžืง ื‘ื›ืœืื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ 14 ืฉื ื™ื ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•. ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืื ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื• ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืกืจื™ื ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคืชื. ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฆื”, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืฉื‘ื™, ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช. (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืœืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ, ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“: ืกื•.)
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื•ื˜ื ืจ ื–"ืœ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืฉ"ืœ ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื” ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื• ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ืขื“ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ื ื™ืกื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจื• ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืžื™ื• ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงืžื™ื ืฆืงื™ ื–"ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืื•ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.

ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื• ืœื ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื (ื“ืฃ ื›ื”/ื‘) ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. "ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ืžื ืœืŸ? ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื. ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืชื ืœืงืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžืจื™ ื“ื•ืจืื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื–ื™ืœ ืงื˜ืœื™ื” ืœืคืœื ื™ื ื•ืื™ ืœื ืงื˜ืœื™ื ื ืœืš ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืœื™ืงื˜ืœื•ืš ื•ืœื ืชื™ืงื˜ื•ืœ ืžืื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช ื“ื“ืžื ื“ื™ื“ืš ืกื•ืžืง ื˜ืคื™ ื“ื™ืœืžื ื“ืžื ื“ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจื ืกื•ืžืง ื˜ืคื™". ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืื ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• "ื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ืืœ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ". ืžื ื™ืŸ? ื–ื• ืกื‘ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ "ืžืจื™ ื“ื•ืจืื™" ืฆื™ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ื— ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื—ืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜: ืื ืœื ืชื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ - ืื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš. ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืืช ืจื‘ื: ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืคืœื•ื ื™? ืขื ื” ืœื• ืจื‘ื ื•ืœืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ื•ื ืžื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื? ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฆืœื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ืจื’ื• ืื• ื™ืžืกืจื• ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื’ื” - ื’ื ืืกื•ืจ. ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ื•ื ืžื“ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื—ื“ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื•ืกืจื•. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืคืจืง ื” ื”) "ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืื—ืช ืžื›ืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืžื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืื ืœืื• ื ื˜ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื›ืŸ - ื™ื˜ืžืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืืœ ื™ืžืกืจื• ืœื”ื ื ืคืฉ ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื ื• ื•ืื ืœืื• ื ื”ืจื•ื’ ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืืœ ื™ืžืกืจื• ืœื”ื ื ืคืฉ ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื ื™ื—ื“ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืื• ื ื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื›ื, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ - ื™ืชื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” - ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืืœ ื™ืžืกืจื• ืœื”ื ื ืคืฉ ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืœืžื“ืš ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื“ื ืœืžื™ืชื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•.

ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขื ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื
ืœืฆืขืจื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ืฉืฉื™ืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื, ื”ื ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื" ื•ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื—ืชื. ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืจืง ื›ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฆืจ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ืื—ืจืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืฃ.
ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ืžืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื—, ืœื ืœื”ื™ืกื—ื˜ ื•ืœื ืœืฉืœื ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื. ืœื ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื. ื‘-1983 ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• 4,550 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ืฆืืจ ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืชื™ืคืื“ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจื ืœืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื—ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ืชื•ืคืช.
ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ "ืืœืžื’ื•ืจ" ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1993-1999 ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• 6912 ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื, 854 (14%) ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฆื—ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจื ื•ื ืขืฆืจื•. ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ืขืฆืจื•. ื›70% ืžื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“, ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” 123 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืžืœื‘ื“ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื™ื ื•ืคื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.

ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืงืข
ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื". ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืจืฆื—ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืจืง ืจืฆื—ื• ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื ื™ืกื• ืœืจืฆื•ื— ื•ืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื. ืื• ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื—ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืžื™ืจ ืงื•ื ื˜ืืจ, ืฉืจืฆื— ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืจื™ื”.
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื— ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ื›ึนืคึถืจ ืœึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ืจึนืฆึตื—ึท ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึผื ืจึธืฉืึธืข ืœึธืžื•ึผืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึผืžึธืช" ืฉืื ืชืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืชื—ื ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.
"ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทื—ึฒื ึดื™ืคื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื™ึทื—ึฒื ึดื™ืฃ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ื™ึฐื›ึปืคึผึทืจ ืœึทื“ึผึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึปืคึผึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทื ืฉืึนืคึฐื›ื•ึน" ื•ืชื˜ืžืื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐื˜ึทืžึผึตื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืฉืึนื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืฉืึนื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ". (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ืœื” ืœื).

ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื“ ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจืฆื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจืฆื•ื—. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ื ืขืจืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื›ื™ "ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ื™ึฐื›ึปืคึผึทืจ ืœึทื“ึผึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึปืคึผึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทื ืฉืึนืคึฐื›ื•ึน".

ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืขื’ื•ื ื”
ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื’ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืกืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ. ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื– ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ. ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ื•ืช. ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื’ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขื’ื™ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจืช ืขื’ื•ื ื•ืช - ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืขื’ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื• ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื“' ื”ื ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื”ื•ืชืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืœืฉื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขื’ื•ื ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉื™ื—ืจืจ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืœืื•. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื— "ืžืขื ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืชืงื—ื ื• ืœืžื•ืช". ื•ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื›ื•ืคืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื”:)

ืžืขืฉื” ืคืœื ืขื ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™
ื”ืจื‘ ืกื™ืคืจ ืคืขื ืžืขืฉื” ืคืœื ืขื ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืฉื™. ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉื ื—ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืจืง.
ืื ืฉื™ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœืฉืœื•ืžื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจืฆื—ื™ื ืฉืคืœื™ื. ื•ืคื ื• ืœื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™, ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื™ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื•. ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื•ื“ื—ื” ืื•ืชื ืžืขืœื™ื•. ื‘ืฆืขืจื ื”ื ืคื ื• ืœืžื•"ืจ ืื‘ื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ืงื™ืจื‘ืชื• ืœื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื. ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื? ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื‘: ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”? ื”ืื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ื? ื”ืื ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ืฆืขืจ? ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื.
ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ืœืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื•ืคื™ื. ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ื, ื”ืœื›ื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื‘ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืขืžื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ. ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืื’ื•. ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืœื™ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื—ืงื• ื‘ืจื‘ ืื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ื–ืจื– ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ื™ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ื•ื—ื. ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉืชื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืชืงื•. ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื. ืชืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ื”.
ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ื™ ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื•ื•ืš. ืคืขื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื•ืคืขื ืœื—ืฆื•. ืคืขื ื–ื” ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืจ. ื”ืชืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื“ืื’ื”. ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืกืชืžืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื˜ืกื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืฉื ื—ื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื ืจื›ื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืกื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื—ื’. ื”ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ืฉืืžืจ "ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœื”ื".

ื›ื•ื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืื“ื
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื™ืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ. ืœื ืจืง ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื•. ืืœื ื›ื•ื— ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื. ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•. ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ืขืœ ืฉื›ื™ื ืช ืขื•ื–ื ื•. ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ืืžืŸ.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    13 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืฆื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืขืžื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœืฆื“ืง, ืœื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื—"ื› ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    15 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ืจืจื™ื, ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข" ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืฆืžื—ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืจืืœื™ | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื•
    10 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื•

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืงืช "ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื•". ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ
    12 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืจืจ ืœื• ืื—ื“" (ื–ื‘ืœ"ื), ืชื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ืจืจ ืžื•ืกื›ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื”ืžืจืฆื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    21 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ืจืจื™ื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืกืงื™ืจืช ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืืžืชื• ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืงื™ืจ | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ
    16 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ

    ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ืžื›ืจืขืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš, ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืจื ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ืงืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื•, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขืจื•ืกื™ | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
    12 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช

    ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืขื“ ืจืง ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืžืื™ืจ ืื‘ื™ื ืจ | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืงืจ
    11 ื“ืง'
    "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ - ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื”: ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืงืจ

    ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื•, ืžืฆื™ื’ ื—ื”"ื› ืฉืžื—ื” ืจื•ื˜ืžืŸ ืืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืœืœ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจืื•ื™. ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ืก "ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชื™ืคื“ื”" โ€“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

    ื—ื”"ื› ืฉืžื—ื” ืจื•ื˜ืžืŸ | ื›"ื— ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    41 ื“ืง'
    ืžื˜ื•ืช

    ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคืจื˜, ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ ื•ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืคืก ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื” ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช
    38 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ"ื‘

    ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ืขืงืช ื•ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงืช ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ืชื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื‘ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื”ืชืจืช ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ืคืจืช ื‘ืขืœ
    1:10
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ื”ืชืจืช ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ืคืจืช ื‘ืขืœ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจืช ื—ื›ื, ืฉืขื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจื• (ืœืžืคืจืข), ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืช ื‘ืขืœ, ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื. ื“ืจืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช ืื• ื”ื‘ืืช ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื—ื˜ืืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื” ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืžืืžืจ ื "ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงืœื™ืฉืจ, ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื˜ืžื›ืจ ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื•ื™ืœื ื, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืขื ืœืืจืฆื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื”". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื” ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช
    46 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื™"ื’ - ื™"ื–

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช "ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช". ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคืฅ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื›"ื” ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช ืžืกืขื™
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช ืžืกืขื™

    ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžׇืช ืฉึธืื ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืื ึทืช ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ืœึฐืฆึตืืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื (ืœื’ ืœื—) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ โ€“ ืžึฐืœึทืžึตึผื“ ืฉึถืืžึตึผืช ื‘ึดึผื ึฐืฉึดืื™ืงึธื”. ืžื”ื™ ืžื™ืชืช ื ืฉื™ืงื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ืžื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื ืฉื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืคื” | ืื™ืš ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ืช ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื ืฉื™ืงื” | ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“, ืœืžื” ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืจื” | ืึถืœึถืฃ ืœึทืžึทึผื˜ึถึผื” ืึถืœึถืฃ ืœึทืžึทึผื˜ึถึผื” ืœึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึทื˜ึผื•ึนืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืชึดึผืฉึฐืืœึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึทืฆึธึผื‘ึธื. (ืœื ื“) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืช ืฉึตืื‘ึถื˜ ืœึตื•ึดื™. ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ืœื ืืžืจ ื‘ืงืจื ืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืฉืึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืึถืœึถืฃ ื—ึฒืœื•ึผืฆึตื™ ืฆึธื‘ึธื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ- ืกื•ื“ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
    39 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ- ืกื•ื“ ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื”. ืžืชื•ืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืงืจื‘, ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืกืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื›"ื’ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืจืง ื›ืš ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื• ื”ืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ!
    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืจืง ื›ืš ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื• ื”ืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ!

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ
    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”
    1:01
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช โ€“ ื ืงืžื” ื•ืชืงื•ืžื”
    37 ื“ืง'
    ืžื˜ื•ืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ืžื˜ื•ืช โ€“ ื ืงืžื” ื•ืชืงื•ืžื”

    ื ืงืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืื” ื•ืžืฉื˜ืžื” ื•"ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”ื" ืืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืœื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืžื˜ื•ืช-ืžืกืขื™: ืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
    4 ื“ืง'
    ืžื˜ื•ืช

    ืžื˜ื•ืช-ืžืกืขื™: ืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il