ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืฉื‘ืช
  • ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืชื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืฉื‘ืช
  • ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื™ืช
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24 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืคืจืช ื‘ืช ื ืขืžื™

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืฉื‘ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” - ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืื, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื ื”' ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืœืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื-ื’): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึปืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืึธื. ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึทืœ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”, ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืช ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ืึนืชื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉืึธื‘ึทืช ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช".
ืฉืืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื™ืชืจื•): "ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž, ื›ื—): ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืงึฐืฆื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ื™ึดื™ืขึทืฃ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื™ื’ึธืข, ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืœืขื™ื™ืคื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืž, ื›ื˜): ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึทื™ึผึธืขึตืฃ ื›ึผึนื—ึท. ืืœื ืžื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื™): "ื•ึทื™ึผึธื ึทื— ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™", ืืœื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™". ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžื ื•ื—ื”? ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื ื—ืช, ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืงื˜. ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืžืชื—, ื•ื›ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื ื•ื—ื” (ื‘ืจื"ืจ ื™, ื˜).
ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืœื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ื ื•ืจืื” ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™, ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืขืžืœื™ื, ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื ื—ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืžื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆื•ื, ื•ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืงื‘ ืขื“ ืชื”ื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื‘ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืจืื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ืื” ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœืขื•ืœื (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ืž).
ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืœืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉืื– ื™ืคื™ืง ื ื—ืช ืžืขืžืœื•, ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ืฉื˜ืจื— ืื™ื ื” ืœืฉื•ื•ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ื‘ื• ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืžื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืขืฉื‘ื™ื, ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช, ื“ื’ื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื•, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืœื•ืœ ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ื•ื›ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” - ื ื‘ืจืื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื•.
ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื–ื›ื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืœืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื ื—ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžืขืžืœื•. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืœื”ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”' ืœืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื•ืœื–ื” ื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืขืจืš ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, "ืžืงื•ื ืžื ื•ื—ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื" (ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื–ืจืขื•ื ื™ื, ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ืœื-ืœ ื—ื™).
ื‘ืœื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื"ืจ ื™, ื˜): "ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื• ื—ื•ืคื” ื•ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ื•ื›ื™ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจื”? ื›ืœื” ืฉืชื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ื›ื”! ื›ืš ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกืจ - ืฉื‘ืช". ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื” ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื• ืœื• ืœืžืœืš ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ืืจืžื•ื ื• ื•ื›ืœื™ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื, ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืฉืžื— ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื): "ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื• ื˜ื‘ืขืช, ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจื” - ื—ื•ืชื! ื›ืš ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกืจ - ืฉื‘ืช". ื”ื—ื•ืชื ืžืขื ื™ืง ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื˜ื‘ืขืช, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื (ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืž).

ื‘ - ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืฉืืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื): ืœืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื, ืœื): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึถืจึถื‘ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึนืงึถืจ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึท ืฉึผืึดืฉึผืึดื™" ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช 'ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืจืžื•ื– ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, "ืฉื”ืชื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืืชื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืœืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•". ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื 'ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™' ื ื‘ืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ื‘ื• ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื•, ื‘).
ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื”, ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื’ืœื” ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื"ืจ ื™ื, ื—): "ืืžืจื” ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’, ื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ืš, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื–ื›ืจื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ืš, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–): ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน".
ืืžื ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืœื ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืื– ืžื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช, ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ื‘ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืชืงื ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•, ื›ื™ ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื.

ื’ - ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื, ืœืกืคืง ืœืขืฆืžื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขื ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืฉื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ื”ื›ื•ื—, ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืžื˜ืจื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช. ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”', ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ืืžืช. ื”ื ื›ืคืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืœืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ื‘ืจื"ืจ ืขื˜, ื–), ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืข ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ื• ื ืœื—ืžื• ืงื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื– ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื” ืื•ืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืคืจืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื ื•ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืข, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจื• ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชืขืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•"ืจ ื”, ื™ื—). ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื” ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืชื, ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื• ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืขื, ื•ื ื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ืืœื, ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ืœื ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ื’ืืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื ืฉืชื—ืจืจื• ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื. ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืฉื” ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืช, ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื”' ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•, ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื. ื•ื’ื ืื ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจื— ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืคืจื ืกืชื•, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืขื‘ื“, ื™ื ื•ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืจื•ื—ื• ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”, ื™ื-ื™ื“): "ืฉืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ. ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึทื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึธืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒืžึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืจึฐืšึธ ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึนืจึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืžึฐืชึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื’ึตืจึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธืจึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึธื ื•ึผื—ึท ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒืžึธืชึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ. ื•ึฐื–ึธื›ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึนืฆึดืึฒืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืฉึผืึธื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื”, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฆึดื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช".
ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื ื”' ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื•. ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืจื• ื•ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื• - ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”' ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื’, ื›ื): "ืขึทื ื–ื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ื™ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผ", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ืœื•, ื“): "ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืœื ื ื‘ืจืื• ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื•, ื‘), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื“ - ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื, ื™ื’-ื™ื–): "ืึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืช ื”ึดื•ื ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื, ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืžึฐืงึทื“ึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึถื. ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึดื•ื ืœึธื›ึถื... ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืื•ึนืช ื”ึดื•ื ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืฉืึธื‘ึทืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธืคึทืฉื".
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื˜ื–, ื): "ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื”: ืžืชื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื ื–ื™ ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืš ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื". ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ืฉื): "ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื ืขื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืื•ึนืช ื”ึดื•ื ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื". ื•ืฉืืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื• ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื. ืืœื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืขื•ืžืง ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื): "ื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื“ื ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•". ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื”ื.
ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื—, ื‘): "ื ื›ืจื™ ืฉืฉื‘ืช - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื”". ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ื“ื‘ืจ"ืจ ื, ื›ื): "ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžืœืš ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื—ื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”, ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื”?! ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ื ื›ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื™ืžื•ืœ - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื”" (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื”, ื).
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื›ืœื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื—ืชื ื”, ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ืœืงื‘ืœื”, ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืื•ืจื— ื ื›ื‘ื“. ื•ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื) ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช: "ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืฆื ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื”". ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื”ื ืื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช: "ื‘ื•ืื™ ื›ืœื”, ื‘ื•ืื™ ื›ืœื”". ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืชื™ืงืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื ืคืœื: "ืœื›ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™ (ื™ืฉืจืืœ) ืœืงืจืืช ื›ืœื” ืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื ืงื‘ืœื”".

ื” - ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช
ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืื“ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืฉืžื”, ื›ืš ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืฉืžื”. ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžื”. ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉื ืฉืžืชื• ื•ื’ื•ืคื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ืฉืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™. ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ.
ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืžืฉื‘ืช ืื ื• ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืงืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื ืจืฆืฃ ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืฉืื—ืง, ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืื‘ื“ ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช.
ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืงื“ืžื• ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืฆืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื“ืžื” ืœืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ืกื˜, ื‘).
ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื”. ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื™ืžื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื•, ื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘, ื™-ื™ื; ื—, ื–).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ (ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ืž), ืฉืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื›ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื ื‘ืจืื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช.

ื• - ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”
ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื’): " ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ืึนืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉืึธื‘ึทืช ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื™): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึธื ึทื— ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึตืจึทืšึฐ ื”' ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืึตื”ื•ึผ ".
ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ืœืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืžืงื•ื. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืงื“ื•ืฉ' - ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ืžื•ืคืจืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื•ื—ืœื˜ - ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ืžื•ืคืจืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”' ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืœืื•ืจื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืื™ ืขื•ืœื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื", ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ) ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš (ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืจื›ื”).
ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื”. ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื”, ืฉื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ: "ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™" (ื—"ื‘ ืกื’, ื‘), ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื•: "ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื" (ื—"ื‘ ืคื—, ื).
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืฉื‘ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ืจื›ื” ื”' ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืืœื™ื”ื. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘, ื–): "ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ - ื–ื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช". ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื) ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”.

ื– - ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ื”' ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• 'ืžืŸ', ื•ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื™ืžื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืคืจื ืกื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื“): "ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžึทืžึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื, ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึฐืœึธืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ื™ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืžื•ึน, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒื ึทืกึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึฒื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชึดื™ ืึดื ืœึนื". ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœืœืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืŸ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืœืžื—ืจืช. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืื’ื” ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจืขื‘, ืื• ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื• ื—ื•ื, ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืื“ื ื™ืฆืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ื”ืื“ื ื ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคืจื ืกื”, ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื”' ื•ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืจื ืกื” ื”ื ืจืง ื›ืœื™ ืœื›ืš, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—, ื’): "ื•ึทื™ึฐืขึทื ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐืขึดื‘ึถืšึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒื›ึดืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึธืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื”ื•ึนื“ึดืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืœึผึถื—ึถื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžื•ึนืฆึธื ืคึดื™ ื”' ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœืœืงื•ื˜ ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”' ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžืŸ ืžื—ืจ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ืœืื•ื”ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœืชื• - 'ืขื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช'. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื“ืื’ืชื ื•ื—ืกื›ื• ืžืคื™ื”ื ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืจืช, ื•ื”ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื• ืชื•ืœืขื™ื.
ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืื™ืจืขื” ื”ืคืชืขื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื›ื‘-ื›ื˜): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึดืฉึผืึดื™ ืœึธืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐื ึถื” ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึนืžึถืจ ืœึธืึถื—ึธื“, ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ืึตื™ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื”. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื: ื”ื•ึผื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื”': ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืœึทื”' ืžึธื—ึธืจ, ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึนืืคื•ึผ ืึตืคื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึฐื‘ึทืฉึผืึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึตืœื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึนื“ึตืฃ ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืžึถืจึถืช ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ. ื•ึทื™ึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดื‘ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผึธื” ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉืึถื”: ืึดื›ึฐืœึปื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืœึทื”', ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืœึนื ืชึดืžึฐืฆึธืึปื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื”. ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึดืœึฐืงึฐื˜ึปื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน. ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึดืœึฐืงึนื˜ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึธืฆึธืื•ึผ. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื”: ืขึทื“ ืึธื ึธื” ืžึตืึทื ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึนืชึธื™. ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”' ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื›ึถื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึดืฉึผืึดื™ ืœึถื—ึถื ื™ื•ึนืžึธื™ึดื, ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื™ื• ืึทืœ ื™ึตืฆึตื ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืžึผึฐืงึนืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™".

ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื"ืจ ื™ื, ื‘) ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื›ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœืงืจืืชื” ืžืŸ ื›ืคื•ืœ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืžื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืจืง ืฉื”ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืจื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ืกืจื” ืžื”ื ื”ื“ืื’ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืฉืœ ืœืื“ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”, ื•ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื”ืงืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืขื”. ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืื—"ื› ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื“ืื’ืช ื”ืคืจื ืกื” ืžืœื‘ื ื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชืžืฉืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคืจื ืกื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”.

ื— - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ
ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช: 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ' ื•'ืฉืžื•ืจ'. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืฉืžื•ืจ' ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจ ื—ืœืœ ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืื•ืชื• ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืžืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ', ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”.
ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืชืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ื ืชืคืฆืœื• ืœืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›, ื‘): "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืจื•, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข". ื•ื›ืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–): "ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน", ื•ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”, ื™ื): "ืฉืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน".
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ' ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืขืฉื”', ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืฉืžื•ืจ' ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืœื ืชืขืฉื”' ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืข. ืžืขืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืขืฉื”' ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืŸ ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”'. ืื•ืœื ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืœื ืชืขืฉื”' ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื ื–ืง ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืขื•ืœื (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–).
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ' ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–-ื™):
" ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน... ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึธื ึทื— ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึตืจึทืšึฐ ื”' ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึทื™ึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืึตื”ื•ึผ". ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืฉืžื•ืจ' ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”, ื™ื“): " ืฉืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน... ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึทื™ึผึนืฆึดืึฒืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืฉึผืึธื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื”, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฆึดื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช". ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืžื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืจื ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™.

ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ' ื•'ืฉืžื•ืจ' ืจืžื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืฉื‘ืช'. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” - ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืžืœืื›ื” - 'ืฉืžื•ืจ'. ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช - ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ'.

ื˜ - ื–ื›ื•ืจ - ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” "ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–), ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”', ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื‘): "ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ืšึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื". ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึธื ึธื™. ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืคึถืกึถืœ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืชึผึฐืžื•ึผื ึธื”... ืœึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึถื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืขึธื‘ึฐื“ึตื...". ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืžื• ืœืฉืงืจ. ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–). ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ื—"ื‘ ืฆื‘, ื; ื—"ื’ ืฆื“, ื‘; ืจืคื—, ื‘).
ืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”' ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืขืžื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืื– ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•, ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืœืขื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื), ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน" - ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช", "ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช" ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื, ืืœื ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื•ืขืจื›ื ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืื›ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ืคื™ ื™ื—ืกื ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื›ื•', ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื‘ืช (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–).
ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืชืขื ื•ื’, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ื— ื™ื’): "ื•ึฐืงึธืจึธืืชึธ ืœึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืขึนื ึถื’" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื•, ื’; ื•, ื™).
ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ', ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึน ", ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื–; ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”, ื-ื”).

ื™ - ืฉืžื•ืจ - ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ
ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื™ืจื‘ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืจืฆื• ืžื•ืคื ื™ื ืœืžืœืื›ืช ืฉื“ื”ื• ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื• ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™. ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“. ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื”. ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืขืœ ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื–, ื‘).
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื‘, ื-ื’): "ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช. ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื”ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืœึทื”' ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืžึผึตืจ ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ. ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ ื•ึถืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึทืœึผึตื™ืœื•ึนืช". ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ื‘ืœื ืœื—ืฅ ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื’ื ืื ื ื—ืกืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ืฉืืจืขื” ืชืงืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืฆืขืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ืขืœ ื”'. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ.
ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืจืง ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ื ืืกืจื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ื’ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ: "ืึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจื•ึผ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื, ื™ื’), ืœืœืžื“ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืžืžื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ื ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”. ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืžืจื•ื‘ ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื•ืื– ื™ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื• - ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœื• ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืจืช ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืชืฉืจื” ื‘ื•. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–, ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ื•ืจื‘-ื’ื•ื ื™. ื•ืœื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืจื•ืฉืช, ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื•ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืชืงื ื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื’ื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืื“ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื. ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืžืžื ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช.
ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช, ื›ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื”. ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ 'ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื ื—ืช, ื‘ืœื ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืจื—. ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ื‘ื–ื™ืขืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืคื‘, ื). ื•ื˜ื•ืจื— ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™, ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ื’ืื•ืœืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื”. 1

ื™ื - ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื” ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขืœื™ื ืืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช.
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื’, ื˜): "ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”". ื‘ืชื•ืจื” , ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื›ื—-ื›ื˜): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื”: ืขึทื“ ืึธื ึธื” ืžึตืึทื ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึทื™ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึนืชึธื™. ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”' ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื›ึถื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช". ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื™ืœืœื• ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœืงื•ื˜ ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืคืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื , ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›, ื™ื‘-ื›ื‘):
"ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืชึทื™ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื, ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืžึฐืงึทื“ึผึฐืฉืึธื. ื•ึทื™ึผึทืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึดื™ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ, ื‘ึผึฐื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืชึทื™ ืœึนื ื”ึธืœึธื›ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึทื™ ืžึธืึธืกื•ึผ, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ื—ึดืœึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึฐืึนื“... ื•ึธืึนืžึทืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื: ... ื‘ึผึฐื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืชึทื™ ืœึตื›ื•ึผ... ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืชึทื™ ืงึทื“ึผึตืฉืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื. ื•ึทื™ึผึทืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื...". ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื , ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื˜, ื™ื’-ื™ื“): "ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ ื™ึธืจึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถื ืžึดืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื ื•ึทืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึดื™ื ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืึฑืžึถืช ื—ึปืงึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืช ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื—ึปืงึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ืฆึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ". (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื‘, ื‘. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื›' ื‘ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ).

ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉ (ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”) - ืžื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ืœื•". ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื’ื’ื•ืช ื•ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืฉืœื—): "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”".

ื™ื‘ -ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช
ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื— ื”' ืืช ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืขื ื•ืœืžืœื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื™ื–, ื™ื˜-ื›ื–):
"ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืึตืœึทื™: ื”ึธืœึนืšึฐ ื•ึฐืขึธืžึทื“ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืฉืึทืขึฒืจึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื: ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”' ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”. ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”': ื”ึดืฉึผืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึทื”ึฒื‘ึตืืชึถื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืจึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธื ืžึดื‘ึผึธืชึผึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดื˜ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึธื–ึฐื ึธื, ื•ึทื™ึผึทืงึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึธืจึฐืคึผึธื ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืขึท ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืงึทื—ึทืช ืžื•ึผืกึธืจ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึดื ืฉืึธืžึนืขึท ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึตืœึทื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืจึตื™ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื”. ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืจึตื™ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึดืกึผึตื ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืจึนื›ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืจึถื›ึถื‘ ื•ึผื‘ึทืกึผื•ึผืกึดื™ื, ื”ึตืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึตื™ื”ึถื ืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื, ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึฐื‘ึธื” ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื. ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ืžึตืขึธืจึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืกึผึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื•ึผืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืžึดืŸ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืคึตืœึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึถื’ึถื‘ ืžึฐื‘ึดืึดื™ื ืขื•ึนืœึธื” ื•ึฐื–ึถื‘ึทื— ื•ึผืžึดื ึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื”, ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึดืึตื™ ืชื•ึนื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”'. ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ืœึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉื‚ึฐืึตืช ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึนื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืจึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช - ื•ึฐื”ึดืฆึผึทืชึผึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธืจึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืึทืจึฐืžึฐื ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึถื”".
ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื‘): "ืœื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื—ืœืœื• ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื‘, ื›ื•): ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืชึทื™ ื”ึถืขึฐืœึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึธืึตื—ึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื". ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื›ื‘, ืœ): "ื•ึธืึฒื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืžึตื”ึถื ืึดื™ืฉื ื’ึผึนื“ึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ึตืจ ื•ึฐืขึนืžึตื“ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึถืจึถืฅ ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึทื—ึฒืชึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึธืฆึธืืชึดื™".

ื™ื’ - ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช
ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื•, ื-ื—):
"ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืฉืึดืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึฐืจื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึดื™ ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืชึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึดื’ึผึธืœื•ึนืช. ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึผื‘ึถืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื™ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืง ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืฉืึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืžึตื—ึทืœึผึฐืœื•ึน (ืฉืœื ืœื—ืœืœื•) ื•ึฐืฉืึนืžึตืจ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึธืข. ื•ึฐืึทืœ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึตื›ึธืจ ื”ึทื ึผึดืœึฐื•ึธื” ืึถืœ ื”' ืœึตืืžึนืจ: ื”ึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ื™ึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœึทื ึดื™ ื”' ืžึตืขึทืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน (ืฉืœื ืื–ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื), ื•ึฐืึทืœ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”ึทืกึผึธืจึดื™ืก ื”ึตืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื™ึธื‘ึตืฉื (ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขืชื™ื“). ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืœึทืกึผึธืจึดื™ืกึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืชึทื™ ื•ึผื‘ึธื—ึฒืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึธืคึธืฆึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™. ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ื•ึนืžึนืชึทื™ ื™ึธื“ ื•ึธืฉืึตื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึดื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช, ืฉืึตื ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึถืชึผึถืŸ ืœื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดื›ึผึธืจึตืช. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื ึผึตื›ึธืจ ื”ึทื ึผึดืœึฐื•ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”' ืœึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืชื•ึน ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืึถืช ืฉืึตื ื”' ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืžึตื—ึทืœึผึฐืœื•ึน ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ (ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื). ื•ึทื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ืื•ึนืชึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืจ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ืขื•ึนืœึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึตื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื. ื ึฐืึปื ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืฅ ื ึดื“ึฐื—ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืขื•ึนื“ ืึฒืงึทื‘ึผึตืฅ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึฐื ึดืงึฐื‘ึผึธืฆึธื™ื•". ืœืžื“ื• ืžื–ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘): "ืืœืžืœื™ ืžืฉืžืจื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชืŸ - ืžื™ื“ ื ื’ืืœื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื•, ื“): ื›ึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืœึทืกึผึธืจึดื™ืกึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืชึทื™, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื™ื” (ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•), ื•ึทื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ืื•ึนืชึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืจ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึดื™ ื•ื’ื•'".
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืœืžื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืฉืชื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ื ื’ืืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืฉืชื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื’ื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืœืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื’, ื): "ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ืืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœ, ื˜ื•) ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื•ึธื ึทื—ึทืช ืชึผึดื•ึผึธืฉืึตืขื•ึผืŸ". ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ืื•ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช, ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื‘ ื™, ื; ื“ื‘"ืจ ื”, ื–).
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ื‘ืจ"ืจ ืžื•, ื˜): "ืื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช - ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ืื™ื ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ". ื•ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.

ื™ื“ - ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืœื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืื ื—ื™ืœืœ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื• ื‘ื• - ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ืกืงื™ืœื” ื•ืื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื‘ืœื ืขื“ื™ื - ื›ืจืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื, ื™ื“): "ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึดื•ื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึฐื—ึทืœึฐืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึผืžึธืช ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ื‘ึธื”ึผ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึดืงึผึถืจึถื‘ ืขึทืžึผึถื™ื”ึธ". ืืžื ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื“ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’, ื›ื™ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื”ื•ืจื’. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžืฉื ื” ืžื›ื•ืช ื, ื™), ืฉืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื’ื” ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืœื ื™ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื” ืืžืจ, ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ืจื’ื” ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืœื ื™ืช.
ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื“ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•, ืœื‘-ืœื•):
"ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืžึฐืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึฐืงึนืฉืึตืฉื ืขึตืฆึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช. ื•ึทื™ึผึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทืžึผึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ืึนืชื•ึน ืžึฐืงึนืฉืึตืฉื ืขึตืฆึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืคึนืจึทืฉื ืžึทื” ื™ึผึตืขึธืฉื‚ึถื” ืœื•ึน. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึผืžึทืช ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืจึธื’ื•ึนื ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื ึถื”. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ืึถืœ ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื ึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึนืช ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื”' ืึถืช ืžึนืฉืึถื”".

ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืคื’ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืžื”.
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืฉืฉ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืขื™ื– ืœื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื? ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื• ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืฉ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ ื“ืชื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืจืื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘"ื‘ ืงื™ื˜, ื‘). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืฉืฉ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืœืคื—ื“, ื•ื–ื›ื” ืฉื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื–ื›ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื”.
ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื•ืžืจืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื‘, ืงื ื, ื), ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชืงื“ืฉ, ืืฉ ื”ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืžืกืชืœืงืช ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื•ืชื ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืืžื ื ืžื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื• ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืงื•ืฉืฉ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ืขื•ื•ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื’ื™ื”ื ื

ื˜ื• - ื”ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉืคืจืฉื• ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืœ, ื˜ื•): "ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืจืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืงื ืกื• ืื•ืชื ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ืžื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื˜, ื‘; ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”, ื). ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื’, ื“), ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ (ืž"ื‘ ื ื”, ืžื•), ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื”ื ื—ืกื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ืกื“ ื—"ื ื’, ื’).
ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชืจืกื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืœื“ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ืคืจืฆื” ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžื•, ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชื ื›ืจ ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช (ืžืœืžื“ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืื•"ื— ื›ื˜; ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ื’, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘, ื—). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ - ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื• ื—ืกื“ ื›ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืžื ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื›ื’ื•ื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ืจืื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขืžื•, ื•ืื–ื™ ื’ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.
ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื™ื”ื“ื•ืชื•, ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื™ื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื ืฉืžืชื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฉืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื‘ ืงื ื, ื‘). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืคืฉืจ, ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ื˜ื– - ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช
ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ื•ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘, ื”).
ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื•ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืกืฃ, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืื”ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืกื“ ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื, ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉืžื’ืžืช ื”ื›ืœ ืื—ืช, ื•ื’ื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžืคื•ืœื’ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืคืจื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื•ืกืคื™ื ืืœ ื”', ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืข ื•ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ื›ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื, ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื‘ืื• ืืœื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื ืื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืฉื‘ื— ื•ืื•ืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื):
"ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช. ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื”ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืœึทื”' ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืžึผึตืจ ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ. ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ื—ึทืกึฐื“ึผึถืšึธ ื•ึถืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธืชึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึทืœึผึตื™ืœื•ึนืช. ืขึฒืœึตื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึนืจ ื•ึทืขึฒืœึตื™ ื ึธื‘ึถืœ ืขึฒืœึตื™ ื”ึดื’ึผึธื™ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ. ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉื‚ึดืžึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึทื ึดื™ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืคึธืขึณืœึถืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ ื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืจึทื ึผึตืŸ. ืžึทื” ื’ึผึธื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ืžึฐืึนื“ ืขึธืžึฐืงื•ึผ ืžึทื—ึฐืฉืึฐื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ. ืึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึทืขึทืจ ืœึนื ื™ึตื“ึธืข ื•ึผื›ึฐืกึดื™ืœ ืœึนื ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื–ึนืืช (ื”ื ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืืœื ื ื“ืžื” ืœื• ืฉื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช). ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจึนื—ึท ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืขึตืฉื‚ึถื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฆึดื™ืฆื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึนืขึฒืœึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ ืœึฐื”ึดืฉึผืึธืžึฐื“ึธื ืขึฒื“ึตื™ ืขึทื“. ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึธืจื•ึนื ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื ื”'. ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึนืื‘ึตื“ื•ึผ ื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึนืขึฒืœึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ. ื•ึทืชึผึธืจึถื ื›ึผึดืจึฐืึตื™ื ืงึทืจึฐื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืœึผึนืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืจึทืขึฒื ึธืŸ. ื•ึทืชึผึทื‘ึผึตื˜ ืขึตื™ื ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืจึธื™ ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืžึดื™ื ืขึธืœึทื™ ืžึฐืจึตืขึดื™ื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืขึฐื ึธื” ืึธื–ึฐื ึธื™. ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื›ึผึทืชึผึธืžึธืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืจึธื— ื›ึผึฐืึถืจึถื– ื‘ึผึทืœึผึฐื‘ึธื ื•ึนืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐื’ึผึถื”. ืฉืึฐืชื•ึผืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”' ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื™ึทืคึฐืจึดื™ื—ื•ึผ. ืขื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐื ื•ึผื‘ื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึตื™ื‘ึธื” ื“ึผึฐืฉืึตื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึทืขึฒื ึทื ึผึดื™ื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ. ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื”' ืฆื•ึผืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึทื•ึฐืœึธืชึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน".
ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืช ืืœ ืชื™ืงื•ื ืŸ ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืฉืข ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื’ื ื”ืจึถืฉืข ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืชื›ืœื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•.
ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ืงืขื•, ื‘, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื): "ื‘ื ื•ืจืื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ื•ื”ืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื? ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื– ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื". ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื•, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื˜ื˜ื” ืขื ืืฉืชื• ืื• ืขื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ, ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืขืžื”ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืชืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื ื–, ื).
ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืžื– ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ืš, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืฉืฉ ื‘ืืคืœื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ื•ื ืชืงืœ ื•ื ื›ืฉืœ, ืขื“ ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื• ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ืงืžื• ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœื•. ื•ื›ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ, ื™ืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื•. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืžื– ืœืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”' ื•ืžื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื•ื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื›ืกืš ื•ืžืคื•ืœื’ ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื›ืขืฉืŸ ืชื›ืœื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“, ื).
ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื”' ืื—ื“, ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื ื’ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื”ื ื, ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื ื—ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื ืžื—, ื; ื—"ื‘ ืคื—, ื‘; ืงื ื, ื; ืจื”, ื; ื—"ื’ ืฆื“, ื‘; ืงืขื•, ื‘; ืจืขื’, ื).


^ 1.. ืืฃ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ืงืœื’, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ื–ื” ื ืืกืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืชื”
ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืชื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™

    ืฉื™ื—ืช ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช

    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื™ื—ืก ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืจื - ืฉื™ื•ื™ืชื™ ื”' ืœื ื’ื“ื™ ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื”..."

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื”' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืคื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื” ืฉื’ื’, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    31 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉื” ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืขืฉืจื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืคื™ ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il