ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉื™ืจื” ืงื•ืคืจืžืŸ ื–"ืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื” - ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืฉืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื•ื“ ืื•ืชื”. ืืœื ื™ื‘ืจื™ื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื ืžื”ืงืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืชืคืจื— ื•ืœื ืชื ืกื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืœื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืื ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืคืกื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื•-ื–): "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืงึทืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ืึถืคึฐืจึนื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ื‘ึตื™ืฆึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ึธืึตื ืจึนื‘ึถืฆึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืจึนื—ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึตื™ืฆึดื™ื - ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึทื— ื”ึธืึตื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื. ืฉืึทืœึผึตื—ึท ืชึผึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืึถืช ื”ึธืึตื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืชึผึดืงึผึทื— ืœึธืšึฐ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดื™ื˜ึทื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื".
ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ืฉืื•ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืฃ ื˜ืžื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื‘, ื).
ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืจืง ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื“ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืงึทืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ", ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืงืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื™ื˜ืœื ื›ืฉื™ืจืฆื” (ืžืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื—, ื‘). ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื”ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฃ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ืœ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืช ืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืช ืฉื“ื•ื’ืจืช ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”. 1
ื—ื˜ื ื•ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืื• ืคื•ืจื—ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื™ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื—ื˜ ืื•ืชื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืจื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืžืชื” ืžืขืฆืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื—ื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื•, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืžื, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื‘, ื•). 2

ื‘ - ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื 'ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช'. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื›ืคื•ืœื”: ืžืฆื“ ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”. ืืžื ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช.
ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžืฆื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ, ื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจืื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื•. ื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืืžืจื• "ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“, ื–), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืจื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื ื‘ื”', ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืžืจืืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ื–ื•ืœืช ืฉื›ืš ืจืฆื•ื ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ืืช ืื ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืขืช ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ.
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ื–ื›ืจื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ:
ื”ืื—ื“, ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืœื‘ื ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื‘ืจืื” ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื”. ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืฆืืฆืื™ื, ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืขืฅ ืคืจื™, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืžื ื• ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื’, ื-ื’). ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื˜ื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื—ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืืฆืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœื ื ื“ืื’ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื˜ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ืชืืžืฅ ืœืฆื•ื“ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” (ืขืค"ื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื•ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื•).
ื”ืฉื ื™, ืœื—ื–ืง ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืžืขืœ ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื”, ืืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื ืฉืœื—ื ื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืชืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืงืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื”. ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ื”' ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ื•ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื” ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืื’ื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฆืืฆืื™ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื ื ืฆืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื ืืฆืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื•ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื” (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื•; ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืงืž"ื”).
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดื™ื˜ึทื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื", ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืžืจื—ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™, ื™ื–ื›ื” ืฉื”' ื™ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื™ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื•. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืขืงืจื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืงื“, ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื ื›ื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื“ืื’ืช ื”ืื ืœื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื•, ื•).
ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ืžืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”, ืขื•ืœื” ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉืžืขืช ืฉื’ืœืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื” ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ื”, ื›ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ื’ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ืš, ื•ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื” ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืชืžืœื ื ื—ืžื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. 3

ื’ - ื”ืื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืงึทืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜, ื‘). ืืžื ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ืื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื?
ืœื“ืขืช ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฆืขืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.
ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื•'ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื', ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ื™ื™ืงื—ื. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืœืงื—ืชื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช. ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื‘ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืื ืžืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ ื‘ืฆืขืงื” ืื• ื‘ืžื›ื” ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ, ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื. ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ื‘ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืื ืžืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื - ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื›ื ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื’; ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื‘; ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— ื”ืœ' ื™ื•"ื˜ ื’, ื—). 4

ื“ - ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืžืื™ื. ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ื: ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ืจื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืงื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืขืœ ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืจื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืจื•ื‘ืฅ, ื•ื”ืื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืฉืขื” ื—ืžืฉ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ืื ื™ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื” - ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื™ื•ื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ืื ื™ืฉืœื—ื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื - ืœื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืืžื ื ื“ืจื•ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ืจื•ื‘ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ ืจืง ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืกื™ืžื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืชื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ื”.
ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื”ืงืŸ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืฆืจื• ื”ืžืฉืชืžืจืช, ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื’ื•, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืื ื”ืชืขื•ืคืคื” ืžืขืœ ืงื™ื ื”, ื—ืฆืจื• ืงื ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื. ื•ืจืง ืื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืŸ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•, ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื. 5
ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื—ืชื” ืžื”ืงืŸ ื‘ืฆืขืงื” ืื• ื‘ืžื›ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืื• ื‘ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงืŸ. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื™ื’, ื”), ืจืง ืื ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื”, ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืืžื ื ืžื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืฉืืžื ื ื™ืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืคืกื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืื• ื‘ืžื›ื”. 6



^ 1.. ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจื• ืื• ื‘ื’ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืœื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ืฆืจื• ื”ืžืฉืชืžืจืช ืงื ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ืฆืจื• ืื™ื ื” ืงื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื. ืื‘ืœ ืžืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืื ืชืคืจื— ืœืจื’ืข ืžืขืœ ืงื™ื ื”, ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืชื ื‘ืœื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื‘, ื‘). ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืชื•ืš ื™ื•ื ืžืื– ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืจื—ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื”ืงืŸ. (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 5 ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืงื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื, ื—ืฆืจื• ืœื ืชืงื ื” ืื•ืชื ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ).
^ 2.. ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืœื ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ืื• ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ืœื ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืขื•ื ืฉื• ืžืœืงื•ืช (ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืงืžื”, ื; ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืจืฆื‘, ื™ื˜). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื˜ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœื ืชืขืฉื” (ื—ื›ื ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื’). ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืœืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืจืง ืื ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืชืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืš ื™ื™ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”.
^ 3.. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื•"ื  ื’, ืžื—; ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื. ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืงืžื”.
ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’, ื‘: "ืžืฉื ื”: ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืงืŸ ืฆืคื•ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืจื—ืžื™ืš... ืžืฉืชืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. ื’ืžืจื: ... ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื? - ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื‘ื” ืชืจื™ ืืžื•ืจืื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ื™ื“ื; ื—ื“ ืืžืจ: ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœ ืงื ืื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•ื—ื“ ืืžืจ: ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช". ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื”, ื), ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืงืชื•, ืœื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”' ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ืœื“ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืชืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืงื ืื” - ืžืฉืชืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื–ื•ื”"ื— ืจื•ืช ืฆื“, ื‘), ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื— ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆืขืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”', ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืจืื”. ื•ื›"ื› ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื‘ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืจื•. ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•' (ื›ื’, ื), ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฆืขืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืืœื ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช - ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืืžืฆื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
^ 4.. ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื ื›ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื: ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื–; ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜, ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื ื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื, ื; ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ืื•"ื— ืง; ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜, ื‘; ืžื”ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืชืงืžื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืฆื ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ - ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ืœื›ืš ื ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืกื–, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจืฆื‘, ื—; ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืจืฆื‘, ื-ื‘; ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื, ืจื˜. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื˜"ื–), ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช, ื ืฉืžืชื• ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื”. ื•ืื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื›ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืœื— ืืช ื”ืื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื. ืข"ื›. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื“ืขืชื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื›ื ืฆื‘ื™, ื‘ื”ื‘ืจื—ืช ื”ืื ื‘ืœื ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื“ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
^ 5.. ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ืฆืจื•, ืœื“ืขืช ืื’"ืž (ื™ื•"ื“ ื“, ืžื”), ืื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ืคืงืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืœืจื™ืฉ"ื ื•ืื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืจืง ืื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื—ืฆืจื• ืชืงื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื”ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืงืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ('ืฉืœื— ืชืฉืœื—' ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื). ื•ืœืจืฉื–"ื (ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื—"ื‘ ืฆื–, ื›ื•), ืื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
^ 6.. ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืžื, ื‘: "ื‘ืžื” ืžืฉืœื—ื”? ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ: ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื”, ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืžืจ: ื‘ืื’ืคื™ื” (ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”)". ืœืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื™ื’, ื”), ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื”. ื•ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืื ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ืื• ื‘ืžืงืœื• ืขื“ ืฉืคืจื—ื” ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”, ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคืจื—ื” ืžื”ืงืŸ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ืชื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจื"ืฉ, ืจ"ืŸ, ืจื™"ื•, ืืฉื›ื•ืœ, ืจื™"ื“, ื™ืฉ"ืฉ, ื—ืช"ืก, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื. โ†
ื™ืฉ ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื–, ื), ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื "ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”", ืฉื”ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื, ื™ื—; ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“, ืžืื•ืจื•ืช). ืืžื ื ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ (ื, ืชืฆื’), ืฉื”ืชื•ืคืก ื‘ืื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืœื—ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืš ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื–ืืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉื’ื ื”ืชื•ืคืก ื‘ืื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืœื—ื” ืžื™ื“, ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืœืฉืœื—ื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืœื—ื”, ื•ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ "ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”" ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืื.
ื”ืื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื : ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื: "ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืงืŸ" (ืจืื‘"ื“, ืจื•ืงื—, ืคืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืจืฆื‘, ื™). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ืขื ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ "ืœืื• ื”ื ื™ืชืง ืœืขืฉื”". ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ื‘ืืงืจืื™ (ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™). ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข: ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ (ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืฆื‘, ื).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื•

    ืื“ืจ ื' ืชืฉืข"ื
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืค"ื‘
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”

    ืชืฉืข"ื“
ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™
ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il