ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ื‘ื
undefined
12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืก"ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ื”ึทื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื“ึดึผื‘ึถึผืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ื•ึธื” (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืžื• ื™ื—)
ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื
ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ืžืžืคืจืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื 106 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ื–ึฐื‘ึธื—ึดื™ื, ื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื•ึผืžื™ื•ื—ึธื“, ืžึดื™ ื•ึธืžึดื™

ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื 20 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ 9 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” , ื•-11 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” . (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš)
ืขืฉื”: ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ โ€ข ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืกื— โ€ข ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืคืกื— โ€ข ื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื—ืžืฅ โ€ข ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื” โ€ข ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€ข ืกืคื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€ข ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ โ€ข ืขืจื™ืคืช ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืœื ืชืขืฉื”: ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื— ื ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืคืกื— โ€ข ืฉืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืกื— โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ืžืฅ โ€ข ืฉืœื ื ืื›ื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ โ€ข ืฉืœื ื ืื›ื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ืœื’ืจ ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืคืกื— ื—ื•ืฆื” โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื— โ€ข ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ืขืจืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื— โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— โ€ข ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ืœื ื• ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื—.

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืขึดื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื, ืžึดื™ ื•ึธืžึดื™ ื”ึทื”ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื. (ื™ ื—)
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืชื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืžืจืข"ื” ื‘ึดึผื ึฐืขึธืจึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืงึตื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื ึตืœึตืšึฐ, ื ืขืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ืจืžื– ืœืื—ื•ื” ื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืงึตื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืจืžื– ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ื“ื‘' ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื•ื”"ืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”' ืœื—ืžื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชืคืœื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ ื•ื™ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฆืขืจื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•. (ื“ืžืฉืง ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ)

ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื ืชืชืงืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช. ืคืกื— ื ื’ื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื— ื•) ืœื•ึผืฉึดืื™ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึดื‚ื™ ืขึปื’ื•ึนืช ื•ืคืกื— ื”ื™ื”. ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื’ ื™ื–) ื•ึผืœึฐืžึดืงึฐื ึตื”ื•ึผ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืกึปื›ึนึผืช. ื•ื™"ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืขื’ืœ ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื”ืŸ ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื˜ื. (ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืชืœ"ื”)

ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืกึตื™: ื™ึฐื”ึตื ื—ึถืœึฐืงึดื™ ืžึดื’ึผื•ึนืžึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื‡ืœ ื™ื•ึนื. ืึดื™ื ึดื™?! ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืžึทืจ ืžึธืจ: ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื‡ืœ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐื—ึธืจึตืฃ ื•ึผืžึฐื’ึทื“ึผึตืฃ! ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึธืึธืžึฐืจึดื™ื ึทืŸ - ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืกื•ึผืงึตื™ ื“ึฐื–ึดืžึฐืจึธื. (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—:)
ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœืžื” ืืžืจ ื™ึฐื”ึตื ื—ึถืœึฐืงึดื™ ืžึดื’ึผื•ึนืžึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ.
ืืœื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื’ึผื•ึนืžึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื’, ื•) ื›ึนึผืœ ื”ึทื ึฐึผืฉึธืืžึธื” ืชึฐึผื”ึทืœึตึผืœ ื™ึธื”ึผ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืืช ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ื“ ืœืื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืชึฐึผื”ึทืœึตึผืœ ื™ึธื”ึผ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืœื‘ื‘ืš (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื“, ื˜), ื•ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื”ืœืœ, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืœ ืœื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—:) ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื‡ืœ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐื—ึธืจึตืฃ ื•ึผืžึฐื’ึทื“ึผึตืฃ. ื•ื”ื ืคืจืงื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ, ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื ืจ"ืช ืชื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ (ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”).
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื“) ืขึฒืฆึทื‘ึตึผื™ื”ึถื ื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื. ื•ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—"ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชืœืคื™ื•ืช ืื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™) ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ (ืฉื) - ืฉื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื (ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื–.) ื•ื–ื” ื”ืงื•ืจืื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœื ืขืชื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื›ืžื–ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืชืœื•ืฆืฅ. ื"ื  ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื•ืžืจื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉืืจืขื• ื‘ื”ื ื•ื™ื‘ื ืžื–ื” ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉื’ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืชื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ื™"ื™ ืขืฉื” ืขืฆื‘ื™ื”ื, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืจืฃ ืื‘ืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชึฐึผื”ึดืœึธึผื” ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื•ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. (ืชื—"ืก)

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื‘ึนึผื ืึถืœ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึดื›ึฐื‘ึทึผื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืœึตื‘ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืฉึดืืชึดื™ ืึนืชึนืชึทื™ ืึตืœึถึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน. (ื™ ื) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึฐืจึตื” ื‘ื•ึน.
ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช: ื“ึฐึผืฆึท"ืšึฐ ืขึทื“ึท"ืฉื ื‘ึฐึผืึทื—ึท"ื‘, ื•ื”ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืชืจื™ ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื–ืงื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจื” ื‘ื• ื‘' ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืจืื”, ื›ื™ ื“ึฐึผืฆึท"ืšึฐ ื“ื ืฆืคืจื“ืข ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืชืจืื” ื•ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืจืื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขึทื“ึท"ืฉื ื‘ึฐึผืึทื—ึท"ื‘. ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื“ืžื™ ืฉืœืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืจื™ ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ (ืžืฉื ื” ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื”) ืžึดื™ ืฉึถืืœึธึผืงึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึธืื ึธื”, ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื“ึดึผื™ืŸ ืžึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืกึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืœึฐื›ึดืคึธึผื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื–:) ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืขึธื‘ึทืจ ืึธื“ึธื ืขึฒื‘ึตื™ืจึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ืช ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื”ึถื™ืชึผึตืจ. ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื˜ื ืชืจื™ ื–ื™ืžื ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ.
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื“ืœืžื” ืœื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืจืื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืชืจื” ื‘ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื›ื•ืช. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ื”ืชืจื” ืœืคืจืขื” ื‘ืžื›ืช ืืจื‘ื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ื’ื ื”' ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจืื” ื‘ืืจื‘ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืœื‘ื•, ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื“ ื•ื‘ืืจื‘ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ึนึผื ืึถืœ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึฐืจึตื” ื‘ื•ึน, ื•ื›ื™ ืชื™ืžื ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืช? ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื• ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึดื›ึฐื‘ึทึผื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ื›ื— ืื—ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจืื”. ('ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”' ืœื”ื—ืช"ืก)

ืœึนื ื›ึตืŸ ืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื ึธื ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึดื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืึทืชึถึผื ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื’ึธืจึถืฉื ืึนืชึธื ืžึตืึตืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื”. (ื™ ื™ื) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืงึธืฆึธืจ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืคึตืจึทืฉื ืžึดื™ ื”ึทืžึฐื’ึธืจึตืฉื.
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžึตืึตืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ืคืจืขื” ื–ื” ืฉื’ื™ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื. ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื’ืจืฉื ื•ืžื“ื•ืข.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื’ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื, ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืžื•"ืž ืขืžื”ื ืžึดื™ ื•ึธืžึดื™ ื”ึทื”ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืฉืœื—ื, ืืžื ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืขืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ืจืฉื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ืฉืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ืชืคืฉืจ. (ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš โ€“ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื’ืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ)

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื ึฐื˜ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทืœ ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื™ึนืื›ึทืœ ืึถืช ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืขึตืฉึถื‚ื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึตืช ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ึดืฉึฐืืึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืจึธื“. (ื™ ื™ื‘)
ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” โ€“ ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืื‘ึดื™ืœ ืžึทื›ึทึผืช ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื”.
ื“ื”ื•ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื ึฐื˜ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื”' ื‘ืœืž"ื“, ื•ื’ื ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” 'ืฉืืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื‘ืžื˜ื”'. ื•ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” โ€“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื”.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ โ€“ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื, ืฉืžืฉื” ืงืฉืจ ืืจื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ื”ื•, ื“ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื“ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืืฉืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืŸ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ืค"ื“) ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืœืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœ ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆื•ื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื”ื•. ืขื•ื™"ืœ ืข"ืค ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉ"ืจ ืค"ื— ืค"ื’) ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื” ื”ื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ืกื ืคืจื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื•ืขืฉืจ ืžื›ื•ืช ื—ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืฆ"ืš ืขื“"ืฉ ื‘ืื—"ื‘ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื›ืกื™ืก ื”ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื” ืฉืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจืžื– ื›ืืŸ ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืงื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื”. ืขื™"ืœ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ ื’) ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ื•ึน ืฉึธืื‘ึทืช ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึฐืœึทืื›ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึธึผืจึธื ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช. ืžื™ืœืช ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ, ื“ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื— ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื™ื”ื” ื›ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืฉืื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืกื–:) ืฆึฐืคึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืขึท ืึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึทื›ึดึผื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืžึทืชึถึผื–ึถืช ื ึฐื—ึดื™ืœึดื™ื ื ึฐื—ึดื™ืœึดื™ื. ื“ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื™ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื— ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืชืชื™ื– ื ื—ื™ืœื™ื ื ื—ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘"ืจ ืค"ื”) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ื›ื–) ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉื‡ืื‘ ื”ึทื™ึธึผื ืœึดืคึฐื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึนึผืงึถืจ ืœึฐืึตื™ืชึธื ื•ึน โ€“ ืœืชื ืื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืœื ืขื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ืชื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืœื ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื— ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืืจื‘ื”. ืขื•ื™"ืœ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื™ ื™ื“) - ื“ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึดื™ืžึตื™ ื™ื•ึนืึตืœ, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึธึผื‘ึตื“ ืžึดืฉึถึผืืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึตึผื” ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื™ึทื—ึทื“: ืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื”, ื™ึถืœึถืง, ื—ึธืกึดื™ืœ, ื’ึธึผื–ึธื. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืฉึถืืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึถืœึธึผื ืžึดื™ืŸ ืึถื—ึธื“. ื"ื› ืฉืคื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืื ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” 'ืœึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื”' ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืืจื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืขื˜ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื•ืืœ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื”. (ืืžืจื•ืช ื”')
ื•ื”ืื•ื”"ื— ืคื™ืจืฉ - ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืจื‘ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ื”ื•, ื•ื™ื˜ื” ืžื˜ื”ื• ืขื ื”ืืจื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื•. ืื• ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ื”ืืจื‘ื” ื‘ืคื™ื• ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืชื• ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžื˜ื”ื• ืœืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื›ืช ื”ืืจื‘ื”. ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฆืคื ืช ืคืขื ื— ืขืœ ื"ืข ืคื™ืจืฉ โ€“ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ 'ื•ืื ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื•ื“', ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจ' ืžืฉื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ืฉื ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืฆื•ืจืช ืืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื‘ื• ื›ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื"ื› ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืžื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืžื–ืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื"ืข ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืžื–ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืฉื™"ืช. (ืžืื•ืจื™ ืื•ืจ)
ื ึฐื˜ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึธึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืจื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืคืจืก ืœื“ื•ื‘ (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื– ื”) ื•ึทืึฒืจื•ึผ ื—ึตื™ื•ึธื” ืื‡ื—ึณืจึดื™ ืชึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึธื” ื“ึผึธืžึฐื™ึธื” ืœึฐื“ึนื‘. ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื–ึถื” ืจึถืžึถื– ืœึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืคึธึผืจึทืก ืฉึถืืชึดึผืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื‘ึธึผื‘ึถืœ, ืฉึถืืื•ึนื›ึฐืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืชึดื™ื ื›ึทึผื“ึนึผื‘ ื•ึผืžึฐืกึปืจึฐื‘ึธึผืœึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ื›ึทึผื“ึนึผื‘. (ืชื•ืก' ื”ืฉืœื, ืขื˜ืจืช ื–ืงื ื™ื)


ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึนืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑืจึทืฅ ื›ึถึผืœึถื‘ ืœึฐืฉึนืื ื•ึน ืœึฐืžึตืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึตึผื“ึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึทืคึฐืœึถื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. (ื™ื ื–)
ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ - ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉืจื” ืคืชื—ื™ื, ื•ืขืฉื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืชื—: ื‘ืคืชื— ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื• ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื•ืก, ื•ื‘ืคืชื— ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืคืชื— ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืœื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืชื— ืขืฉื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฆื•ืจืช ืืจื™ื”, ืฆื•ืจืช ื˜ืœื”, ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉื•ืจ, ืคืจื“, ื’ืžืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ื‘ืจื— ืื—ื“ โ€“ ื™ื“ืขื• ืžืื™ื–ื” ืคืชื— ื‘ืจื—, ื›ื™ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืคื™ื”ื ืฉืื ื™ืฆื ืื“ื ืžืื™ื–ื” ืคืชื— - ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฆื•ืขืงืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฆื•ืขืงื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื“ืขื• ืžืื™ื–ื” ืคืชื— ื‘ืจื—, ื•ื™ืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื”"ืช)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืงื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืœื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืฆืขืงื•.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘"ืง ืก:) ื›ึผึฐืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผื•ึนื›ึดื™ื {ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื} โ€“ ืžึทืœึฐืึทืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึธื•ึถืช ื‘ึผึธื ืœึธืขึดื™ืจ. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืืขืค"ื› ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑืจึทืฅ ื›ึถึผืœึถื‘ ืœึฐืฉึนืื ื•ึน. (ื”ืจื"ืฉ) ื"ื  ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ื— ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืจืชืŸ, ื›ื“ืื™ืชื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื’.) ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืžึดืฉืึฐืžึธืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธื•ึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื”, ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืฆื•ึนืขึฒืงึดื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ื™ืฉื›ื™ืžื• ื•ืžืงืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื ื•ืœื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. (ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™) ืืข"ื’ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ืงื•ืœ ืžืชื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ืคื’ืจื™ ื ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื–ื™ ื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ื ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื”ืžืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื) ื"ื  ื›ืฉื‘ื ื”ึทื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื–ื” ื”ื ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื–"ืœ ื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ืœึธืขึดื™ืจ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื, ืœื–ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื›ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืขืง ืขืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืช, ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื”"ืช)

ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึนืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑืจึทืฅ ื›ึถึผืœึถื‘ ืœึฐืฉึนืื ื•ึน โ€“ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื”, ืื– ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ืื ืœืื• ื”ื™ื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชึดืงึผื•ึผื ึตื™ ื–ึนื”ึทืจ (ืชืงื•ืŸ ื›"ื ื“ืฃ ืž"ื” ืข"ื) ืืžืจื• ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื ืžืกืจืช ืœื›ืœื‘, ื•ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ืœึทื›ึถึผืœึถื‘ ืชึทึผืฉึฐืืœึดื›ื•ึผืŸ ืึนืชื•ึน. ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืจืื” ืค"ื—) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžื›ื— ืœึดื™ืœึดื™ืช. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื”ืจืžื– ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึนืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑืจึทืฅ ื›ึถึผืœึถื‘ ืœึฐืฉึนืื ื•ึน, ื›ื™ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื•ื ื”, ื•ืฉืžืข ื”' ืืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ ื›ื“) ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึทืข ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื ึทืึฒืงึธืชึธื ื•ื’ื•'. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื” โ€“ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื”)

ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืจึนืืฉื ื—ึณื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื—ื‡ื“ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื”. (ื™ื‘ ื‘)
ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึณื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืœึฐื—ื‡ื“ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”' ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื ื ื™ืกืŸ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืจื™ ื›ืกืœื™ื• ืื“ืจ. ื’' ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ (ืฉื•ืจืฉ) ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ืจืžื– ื’' ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื’' ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืคืกื— ืจืืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืจ"ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื 'ื‘ืจื’ืœ' (235) ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืจื’ืœื™ื. ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื—ื‡ื“ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ืจ"ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื 'ื–ื”ื• ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ืœึทืžึผึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึธืจึฐื’ึธืœึดื™ื'. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื)

ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื, ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื” ืœึนื ื™ึตืขึธืฉึถื‚ื” ื‘ึธื”ึถื ืึทืšึฐ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ืœึฐื›ื‡ืœ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน ื™ึตืขึธืฉึถื‚ื” ืœึธื›ึถื. (ื™ื‘ ื˜ื–)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืจืข ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื. (ืจืื‘"ืข) ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืžืงืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ. (ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจ) ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื™ื•ื” ื”' ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื”ื—ื’ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืจืข ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื’ ืื™ื ื” ืžืคืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืžื— ื‘ืžืคืœืชื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื. (ืžืฉืš ื—ื›ืžื”)

ื•ึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืึถืช ื—ึตืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึทึผืฉึฐืืึดืœื•ึผื ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทืฆึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื. (ื™ื‘ ืœื•)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทืฆึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื' ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืืจื–"ืœ (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื "ืš ืฉื "ื”) ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื˜ื– ื–) ื•ึทืชึธึผื‘ึนืึดื™ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื“ึดื™ ืขึฒื“ึธื™ึดื™ื, ืขึฒื“ึดื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืขึฒื“ึธื™ึดื™ื ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืกื— ื™ื“) ื›ึทึผื ึฐืคึตื™ ื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื ึถื—ึฐืคึธึผื” ื‘ึทื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึดึผื™ืจึทืงึฐืจึทืง ื—ึธืจื•ึผืฅ ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื. ืชึผื•ึนืจึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื” ืœึธึผืšึฐ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื, ืขึดื ื ึฐืงึปื“ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทื›ึธึผืกึถืฃ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื–ื”ื‘ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื— ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืฉึถืืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืชึดึผืฉึฐืืขึดื™ื ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื ืœื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ื˜ึฐืขื•ึผื ึดื™ื ืžึดื›ึทึผืกึฐืคึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึผื–ึฐื”ึธื‘ึธื”ึผ ืฉึถืืœ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื. (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื”:) ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืฉื•ื” ืขืจื›ื• ืžืฉื•ื™ ืฆ' ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืกืคื ื•ื“ื”ื‘ื. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื)
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ื–ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืžืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืขืžื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืช ื›ืกืคื ื•ื–ื”ื‘ื (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืคื™"ื‘). ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืขืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืจืง ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืื™ืœื• ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืขืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืžื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืงื—ื• ืžื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืึถืช ื—ึตืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทืฆึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื–ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. (ืื“ืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื•) ืชึดึผืฉึฐืืขึดื™ื ืจ"ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. (ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื)

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืคื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืฆึตืง ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืขึปื’ึนืช ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึนื ื—ึธืžึตืฅ ื›ึดึผื™ ื’ึนืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืžึทื”ึฐืžึตื”ึทึผ ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืฆึตื“ึธื” ืœึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื. (ื™ื‘ ืœื˜)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืชื•ืœื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื”ืžื” ื”ื ืื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื”ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืœื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืคืกื— ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื• ื‘ืฆืงื ืœืฆื“ื” ืœื“ืจืš ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉื•. (ืคื ื™ ื“ื•ื“)

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึฐื›ึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ, ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผื—ึนื–ึถืง ื™ึธื“ ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธื ื•ึผ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื. ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” (ื™ื’ ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื). ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืงื™"ืœ ืฉืœืขื‘ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื‘). ืžื” ื‘ืื” ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ. ื’). ืžื” ื‘ืื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืž"ืจ) ื›ืœ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืจื”, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืคืจืขื” ืฉืœื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืขืง ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื ืืžื ื™ื ื›ืืœื•. ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืž.) ืขื‘ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื— ื•ืจื‘ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžืžื ื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ. ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืคืจืขื” ืฆืขืง ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ)

ืฉึธืืœึทื— ื—ึนืฉึถืืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฐืฉึดืืšึฐ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึธืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจื•ึน. ื”ึธืคึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืžึตื™ืžึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐื“ึธื ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึถืช ืึถืช ื“ึฐึผื’ึธืชึธื. (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื” ื›ื—-ื›ื˜)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืืช ืžื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœื“ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื›ืช ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ืฉืžื•"ืจ ื˜ ื™) ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืžืžื›ืช ื“ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืžืœืื” ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ืœืš ืœืžืœืื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžึฐืœึตืึธื” ื“ื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืชื” ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืš ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื ืฉืชื” ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื” ืžืŸ ืงืขืจื” ืื—ืช ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืชื” ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื“ื ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชื” ืžื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš (ืฉื ืคื™"ื“ ื’) ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ืืคืœื” ื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืœื•ื. ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืฉืžืœื•ืช ืื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืงืจ ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ืฉืš ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจืื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืขื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ืขืชื ื• ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ. ืกืžืš ื—ื•ืฉืš ืืฆืœ ื“ื ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื–ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ื”ืจื•ืงื—) ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืชืŸ ืคืจืขื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื (ื™ ื›ื“) ืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืขึดื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. (ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื) ื"ื  ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœืฉื” ืกื“ืจื™ื, ื“ืฆ"ืš ืขื“"ืฉ ื‘ืื—"ื‘, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืื” ืžื›ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืจืื” ื‘ืชื—ืœื”, ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ื“ืจืš ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ืงืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื•ืฉืœื—ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉึธื‚ืžื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ื“ึดึผื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืึนืชื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉึธืืœึทื— ื—ึนืฉึถืืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฐืฉึดืืšึฐ ืฉืขื“ ื—ืฉืš ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื•, ืžืขืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืขื“ ืžื›ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš. (ื”ืžืœื‘ื™"ื)

ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื›ึผื•ึนืกื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึผึธืœื•ึผ, ืึถื—ึธื“ ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืงื•ึนืช. (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื—:) ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื• ืืฆืœ ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ื ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—ืžื”. (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืงึดื“ึฐืฉึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึธึผื ื•ึผ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื›ืžื•"ื› ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉึถืืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ื ึดืกึดึผื™ื ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื‘ึทึผื™ึธึผืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื‘ึทึผื–ึฐึผืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืจ"ื” ื™:) ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ืกึธืŸ ื ึดื’ึฐืึฒืœื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึดื™ืกึธืŸ ืขึฒืชึดื™ื“ึดื™ืŸ ืœึดื™ื’ึผึธืึตืœ. ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœึตื™ืœ ืฉึดืืžึปึผืจึดื™ื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื, ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทืœึทึผื™ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึทื™-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืฉึดืืžึปึผืจึดื™ื ืœึฐื›ื‡ืœ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื. (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืžื’) ื‘ื• ื ื’ืืœื• ื•ื‘ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื’ืืœ, ืฉื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืœ ื˜"ื• ืœืฉื ื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ื• ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื) ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืจ ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื’ืœื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืจ ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. (ืกืคื•ืจื ื•)
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชื” ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ. ื•ืื ืฉืชืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœืืžืจื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื”, 'ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื•'. (ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื•ืงื—)

ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” , ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช [email protected]

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il