ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื
  • ืชื–ืจื™ืข
undefined
11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืก"ื“ ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ื›ึนึผื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ื›ึดึผืกึฐืึดื™ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืกื•
ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘'

ืคืจืฉืช ืชื–ืจื™ืข ืžืฆื•ืจืข
ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ืžืžืคืจืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชื–ืจื™ืข 67 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ื‘ึดื™ื ึธื”. ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฆื•ืจืข 90 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ืžึทื™ึดื.
ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึผืžื•ึผืกึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืึดืžึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึดื™ื ึธื”. (ืžืฉืœื™ ื ื‘) ื•ึฐืฉึธืื—ึทื˜ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฆึดึผืคึนึผืจ ื”ึธืึถื—ึธืช ืึถืœ ื›ึฐึผืœึดื™ ื—ึถืจึถืฉื‚ ืขึทืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื. (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื“ ื )
ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชื–ืจื™ืข - ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ 16 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื•-2 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš)
ืขืฉื”: ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื™ื•ืœื“ืช โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื“ืช โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืฆื•ืจืข โ€ข ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื•ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืžืื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืขื” ื•ืคืจื™ืžื” โ€ข ื ื’ืขื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื โ€ข ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืจืขืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื โ€ข ืชื’ืœื—ืช ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ โ€ข ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืžืื™ื โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื›ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ืžืฆืจืขืชื• โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื ื’ืข โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื–ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืžื ื•ืžื˜ืžื โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ืžื–ื•ื‘ื• โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ืžื ื•ืžื˜ืžื โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืžืื” ื•ืžื˜ืžืื” โ€ข ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื–ื‘ื” ืฉื˜ืžืื” ื•ืžื˜ืžืื” โ€ข ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืชืชืจืคื ืžื–ื•ื‘ื” .ืœื ืชืขืฉื”: ืฉืœื ื™ืื›ืœ ื˜ืžื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจ ื”ื ืชืง.

ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ - ืื™ืชื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื (ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ ืค"ื•) ืฉื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื ืฉืžืชื•, ื›ื™ ืขึนืžึถืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื™ึตืฉื ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึธื” ืžึตืึทื™ึดืŸ ืชึดึผืžึธึผืฆึตื (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื— ื™ื‘),ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”. ื•ืœื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”: ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึถื ื—ึตืœึถืง ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ื•ื›ื•', ืœืชืงืŸ ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”. (ื”ืจ"ืจ ืคื ื—ืก ืžืงืืจื™ืฅ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ)
ื“ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื ืงืจืื• ืื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ื•ืชืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืช ืงื“ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื ื” ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจืชื™ื ื•. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื ื•, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื• ืžื™ืœื™ ืžืขืœื™ื™ืชื, ืžืฉื ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžืกื›ืช: ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืงึดื‘ึตึผืœ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืžึดืกึดึผื™ื ึทื™ ื•ื›ื•'. (ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืžืืžืจ ื™ื‘)
ื•ึผืกึฐืคึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึดืžื‡ึผื—ึณืจึทืช ื”ึทืฉึทึผืื‘ึธึผืช ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ืึฒื›ึถื ืึถืช ืขึนืžึถืจ ื”ึทืชึฐึผื ื•ึผืคึธื” ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ืฉึทืื‘ึธึผืชื•ึนืช ืชึฐึผืžึดื™ืžึนืช ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื™ื ึธื”. (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’ ื˜ื•)
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื•ื”"ื— - ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจืžื–, ืจืžื– ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ื•ึผืกึฐืคึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืื•ืžืจื ื–"ืœ ื›ื™ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื—ืœื•ืื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ื™ืชืœื›ืœื›ื• ื•ื™ื—ืฉื™ืš ืื•ืจื, ื•ืืจื–"ืœ )ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ืคืœ"ื‘( ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื ืคืจื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•. ืœื–ื” ืืžืจ ื•ึผืกึฐืคึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืชื ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื›ืกื ืคืจื™ื ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื.

ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” - ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืžืคืกื— ื•ืขื“ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื ืจืคื•ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืจืคื•ืื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื“ ื”ื’ืฉื ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ื•ื’ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืคื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื“ ื”ื’ืฉื ืœืชื•ืš ืคื™ื•. (ื ื•ืคืช ืฆื•ืคื™ื)

ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึทื–ึฐืจึดื™ืขึท ื•ึฐื™ึธืœึฐื“ึธื” ื–ึธื›ึธืจ. ืจืดืช ื–ื›ื•ืช. ื“ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉื”. (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš)
ื•ึฐื™ึธืœึฐื“ึธื” ื–ึธื›ึธืจ. ื–ืณ ื›ืดืจ ื–ืณ ื“ื•ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื— ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ. ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื”. ื’ื“ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœืžื“ื• ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ. ื’ื“ืœ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœืžื“ื• ืกืคืจ. ื’ื“ืœ ืžืขื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื—ื ื›ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช. ื’ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœืžื“ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื’ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืื• ืืฉื”. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื)

ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึถืืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึตึผืฉึตืื‘ ื‘ึดึผื“ึฐืžึตื™ ื˜ื‡ื”ึณืจึธื”ึฟ (ื™ื‘ ื“). ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ื“ืฃ ืžื’ ื‘), ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื™ ืื ืื—ืจ ืœ"ื’ ื™ืžื™ื.
ื•ึฐื˜ึธืžึฐืึธื” ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื (ื™ื‘ ื‘), ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืจื•ื— ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ึทื•ึผึธืœึธื“ ืœืชื•ืจ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืื– ื ืืžืจ (ื›ื‘ ื›ื–) ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึทึผื—ึทืช ืึดืžึผื•ึน, ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ื™ึดืžึผื•ึนืœ (ื™ื‘ ื’).
ื•ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœ"ื’ ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ืœึฐื™ึทืฉึผืึตื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึถืืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื›ื•ืื‘ืช ืœึฐื”ึทื™ึถืœึถื“. ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืื– ื›ื— ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœ"ื’ ื™ืžื™ื ืชึตึผืฉึตืื‘ ื‘ึดึผื“ึฐืžึตื™ ื˜ื‡ื”ึณืจึธื”ึฟ ื‘ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื˜ื‡ื”ึณืจึธื”ึผ. ื“ึฐืžึตื™ ื˜ื‡ื”ึณืจึธื”ึฟ ืืœื• ื™ืžื™ ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื™ืง ื”"ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืงืื™ ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึธื›ึธืจ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืžื ื”, ื•ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื˜ื‡ื”ึณืจึธื”ึผ ืงืื™ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืคื™ืง ื”"ื. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื”)

ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ื™ึดืžึผื•ึนืœ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึทื‚ืจ ืขื‡ืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน. (ื™ื‘ ื’)
ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื•' ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื•', ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”. ื“ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื:) ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึดื™ืœึธื” โ€” ืฉืึถืึดืœึฐืžึธืœึตื ื”ึดื™ื, ืœึนื ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช ืขื•ึนืœึธืžื•ึน, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœื’ ื›ื”) ื›ึนึผื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึดื ืœึนื ื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื—ึปืงึผื•ึนืช ืฉึธืืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ืฉึธื‚ืžึฐืชึดึผื™.
ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืจ"ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—', ืจืžื– ืฉื”ืžืœ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. {ื•ื›ืŸ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืจ"ืช ืžึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื. ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืฆื• ื™ื“}
ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง, ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื™ืœึธื” ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื”, ืžึธื” ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึธืึฒืžื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื, ืึทืฃ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึธืึฒืžื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื™ืœึธื” ื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื. ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื–ึถืจึทืข ื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึถื ึผื•ึผ?
ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืžึทื˜ึผึดื™ืฃ ื˜ึดืคึผึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช ืฉืึถืœ ื“ึผึธื, ื”ึดื™ื ื—ึฒื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช. ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื ึดื’ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึทืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืžึผึธืœ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืจ ื•ึธืึทื™ึดืœ ืœึดืฉืึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื ืœึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึนื—ึท ื•ึฐื’ื•ึน' ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜, ื“). (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืจื ื•)
ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฆื“ ื›ืจืช ื•ื’ื ื ื›ืจืชื• ืขืœื™ื” ื™"ื’ ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ื ื›ืจืช ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคืชื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืœื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืžื•ืœ ื•ืžืื•ืกื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืจืœื” ืฉื ืชื’ื ื• ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื˜ ื›ื”) ื›ึดึผื™ ื›ื‡ืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืขึฒืจึตืœึดื™ื. (ื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืก)

ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ื™ึดืžึผื•ึนืœ ืจ"ืช ืœืžืคืจืข ื™ื”"ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื—ืชืžื• ืฉืฉื” ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื•' ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื’' ืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•' ื‘ืชื™ื {ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืงืณ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื”ื ื ืงืจืื• ื‘ืชื™ื}, ืจืžื– ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืื ืœื ื ื™ืžื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” (ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืฉื - ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื ึดืžึผื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืฉื‚ึธื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื›ึผึธื ึฐืกื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ. ื•ึผืžึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ื•ึนืชึธื ืฉืึถืฉึผื‚ึธื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื, ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™. ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ืดืŸ ืฉื‚ึธื ื‘ึผึธืึทืฃ, ื•ึฐื”ึทื“ึผึธืœึถืดืช ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธื“, ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึผื•ึผืดื“ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื™ืœึธื”. ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืขื•ึนืœึธืžื•ึน, ื™ึตืฉื ืžึทืœึฐืึทืšึฐ ืžึฐืžึปื ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ, ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึนืงึตื—ึท ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึธื”ื•ึผืœ ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึดื™ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ.), ื•ืœื–ื” ืชืžืฆื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ ื™ื‘) ืžึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึธึผื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึฐืžึธื” ืจ"ืช 'ืžื™ืœื”', ื•ืก"ืช ืžึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึธึผื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึฐืžึธื” 'ื™ื”ื•-ื”'.
ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ื™ึดืžึผื•ึนืœ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึทื‚ืจ ืขื‡ืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน ื”' ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ืขื‡ืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”' ืขืจืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื: ืขืจืœืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ - ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืขึฒืจึตืœึธื” ืื‡ื–ึฐื ึธื ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื• ื™, ืขืจืœืช ื”ืฉืคื” - ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืขึฒืจึทืœ ืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึธื™ึดื ืฉืžื•ืช ื• ื™ื‘, ืขืจืœืช ื”ืœื‘ - ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื ึตื›ึธืจ ืขึทืจึฐืœึตื™ ืœึตื‘ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื“ ื–, ืขืจืœืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ - ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐืœึตื™ ื‘ึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ืฉื, ืขืจืœืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ - ื•ึทืขึฒืจึทืœึฐืชึถึผื ืขื‡ืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน ืึถืช ืคึดึผืจึฐื™ื•ึน ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื›ื’,
ื”' ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”' ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื”' ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ ื“) ืึตืœึถึผื” ืชื•ึนืœึฐื“ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื‘ึฐึผื”ึดื‘ึธึผืจึฐืึธื. ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื‘ึฐึผื”ึต"ื ื‘ึฐึผืจึธืึธื, ืฉึถืื ึถึผืึฑืžึทืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื• ื“) ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธ-ื”ึผ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืฆื•ึผืจ ืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ื, ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึธึผืœื•ึผ ืฉึถืืœ ื”ึทืฉึตึผืื ื™ึธืฆึทืจ ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืœึดืžึถึผื“ึฐืšึธ ื›ึทืืŸ ืฉึถืื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึฐึผื”ึต"ื. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื)

ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”. (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืจืกื” ื•)
ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ: ื) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ) ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื ืงืจืืช 'ืื•ืช' ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ืžืŸ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ืœืžื•ืœ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืจืกื ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชื ืกื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•. (ืกืคืจ 'ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื”') ื‘) ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื”. (ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื) ื’) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืข"ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ื ืืžื ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืฉืจื”. (ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉื”) ื“) ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื’ืจ ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื•. ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื. ื›ื™ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื“ ื›ื—) ื‘ึฐึผืจื‡ื‘ ืขึธื ื”ึทื“ึฐืจึทืช ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ. (ื–ื›ืจ ื“ื•ื“) ื”) ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืžื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืš ืืช ื“ืžื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ืกื•ื“ ื”') (ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ)


ืฉึฐื‚ืึตืช ืื•ึน ืกึทืคึทึผื—ึทืช ืื•ึน ื‘ึทื”ึถืจึถืช (ื™ื’ ื‘) ื”ื ืžื™ื ื™ ื ื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจื•ืื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืžืจืื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื” ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•, ืฉึฐื‚ืึตืช ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืœืš ื‘ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืจืืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื–ืงื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื’ืื•ื”, ื•ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื–ืงื•ืคื” ื“ื•ื—ืง ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื• ื’) ืžึฐืœึนื ื›ื‡ืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน, ื•ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื’ืื•ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื ื”) ื’ึฐึผื‘ึทื”ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึทื‘ ืœึตื‘ึธื‘ ืึนืชื•ึน ืœึนื ืื•ึผื›ึธืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื: ืึตื™ืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึธื”ื•ึผื ื™ึฐื›ื•ึนืœึดื™ืŸ ืœึธื“ื•ึผืจ ื‘ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ืึธืฉืึตื™: ื›ึผื‡ืœ ืึธื“ึธื ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื’ึผึทืกึผื•ึผืช ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืœึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ื ึดืคึฐื—ึธืช, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื“ ื ื•): ื•ึฐืœึทืฉึฐื‚ืึตืช ื•ึฐืœึทืกึทึผืคึทึผื—ึทืช ื•ื’ื•' ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืช ืืœื ื’ืกื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื—ืช ืืœื ื ืคื—ืช. ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืžืชืžืขื˜ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉ"ื ื‘ ืœื•) ืกึฐืคึธื—ึตื ึดื™ ื ึธื. (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื”.)
ืฉืึถืึถืช ืกึทืคึผึทื—ึทืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึถืจึถืช ืฆึธืจึทืขึทืช - ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืกื‘"ืฅ ื•ื”ื ืจืžื– ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื ื’ืขื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ื ื’ืขื™ื ืคืจืง ื ืžืฉื ื” ื) ื‘ึทึผื”ึถืจึถืช ืขึทื–ึธึผื” ื›ึทึผืฉึถึผืืœึถื’, ืฉึฐืื ึดื™ึธึผื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื›ึฐึผืกึดื™ื“ ื”ึทื”ึตื™ื›ึธืœ, ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึฐึผื‚ืึตืช ื›ึดึผืงึฐืจื•ึผื ื‘ึตึผื™ืฆึธื”, ืฉึฐืื ึดื™ึธึผื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื›ึฐึผืฆึถืžึถืจ ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ. ืฉืœื’ ืกื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฆืžืจ, ื•ืžื—ื™ืช, ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืขื“ืฉื”. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื”"ืช)

ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืจ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธื‚ืจื•ึน ืฉึฐื‚ืึตืช ืื•ึน ืกึทืคึทึผื—ึทืช ืื•ึน ื‘ึทื”ึถืจึถืช ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืจ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธื‚ืจื•ึน ืœึฐื ึถื’ึทืข ืฆึธืจึธืขึทืช ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืึถืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ืื•ึน ืึถืœ ืึทื—ึทื“ ืžึดื‘ึธึผื ึธื™ื• ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื. (ื™ื’ ื‘)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืคึธึผื, ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ื’ ื™ื—) ื•ึผ'ื‘ึธืฉึธื‚ืจ' ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ื•ึน ื‘ึฐืขึนืจื•ึน ืฉึฐืื—ึดื™ืŸ 'ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืคึธึผื'. ื•ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืจ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธื‚ืจื•ึน ืฉึฐืื—ึดื™ืŸ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื”.)
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืชื’ืื” ื›'ืื“ื' ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืžื›ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืขืฆืžื• ื›'ื‘ืฉืจ' ื‘ืขืœืžื ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืคึธึผื', ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื—.) ืึธื“ึธื ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืจึถื‘ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช ืฉื’ื•ืคื• ื ื‘ืจื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ ืฉืึถืึดื ืชึผึธื–ื•ึผื—ึท ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืขึธืœึธื™ื•, ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœื•ึน: ื™ึทืชึผื•ึผืฉื ืงึฐื“ึธืžึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื‘ึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช. ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึทื—ึตืจ: ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก ืœึทืกึผึฐืขื•ึผื“ึธื” ืžึดื™ึผึธื“. ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ื”ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืชื™ื ื— ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืงื“ืžื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื“ื? ืืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืงื“ืžื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื’ืื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืชื•ืฉ ืงื“ืžื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื’ืื” ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ ื–) ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืชื•ึนืœึทืขึทืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึดื™ืฉื, ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชื•ืœืขืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื”ืชื•, ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืชื—ืœื” ืœืกืขื•ื“ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืชื’ืื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• 'ืื“ื' ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืชื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืชื•ืฉ ืงื“ืžื•. (ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื—ืช"ืก)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื™ึทืชึผื•ึผืฉื ืงึฐื“ึธืžึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื‘ึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช. ืœืžื” ื ืงื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™ืชื•ืฉ ื•ืœื ื ืงื˜ ื ืžืœื” ืื• ืคืจืขื•ืฉ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืงื“ืžื• ืœืื“ื ื•ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ืชื•ืฉ?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื•:) ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึธื” ืงึทืœึผึธื” ื™ึตืฉื ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™, ื•ึฐื™ึทืชึผื•ึผืฉื ืฉืึฐืžึธื”ึผ. ืึทืžึผึทืื™ ืงึธืจึตื™ ืœึทื”ึผ 'ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึธื” ืงึทืœึผึธื”'? ื“ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืœึธื ึธื ืึดื™ืช ืœึทื”ึผ, ื•ึผืžึทืคึผึฐืงึธื ึธื ืœึตื™ืช ืœึทื”ึผ. ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžื•ืฆื ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืขื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ื—ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืœืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืชื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืžืžื ื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคื™ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื ื• ืกืจื•ื—, ื•ื”ื™ืชื•ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืกืจื—ื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืš ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื” ืžืฆื“ ืงื“ื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืชื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื—ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืœืื“ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื™ื” ืงืœื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืกืจื—ื•ืŸ. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื)
ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืจ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธื‚ืจื•ึน ืœึฐื ึถื’ึทืข ืฆึธืจึธืขึทืช. (ื™ื’ ื‘) ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•:) 'ื›ึผื‡ืœ ื”ึทืžึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข, ื ึฐื’ึธืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืขึธืœึธื™ื•'.
ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘: ื™ึตืฆึถืจ ื”ึธืจึธืข ื“ึผื•ึนืžึถื” ืœึดื–ึฐื‘ื•ึผื‘ ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดืคึฐืชึผึฐื—ึตื™ ื”ึทืœึผึตื‘, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืงื”ืœืช ื™ ื): ื–ึฐื‘ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ ืžึธื•ึถืช ื™ึทื‘ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ืขึท ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืจื•ึนืงึตื—ึท. (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื.)
ื ืจืื” ืฉืจืžื–ื• ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
ื)
ื”ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ืœืžื•ื›ื” ืฉื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืคึถึผืฆึทืข ื•ึฐื—ึทื‘ึผื•ึผืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึทื›ึธึผื” ื˜ึฐืจึดื™ึธึผื”. (ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื•) ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ืžื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืื™ ื•ืงืœื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข.
ื‘) ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืจื•ืชื—, ืžื‘ืื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ, ื›ืš ื‘ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืžื‘ืื™ืฉ ื•ืžืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื”. (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื)


ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื— ืœึทืžึดึผื˜ึทึผื”ึตืจ ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผื•ึนืช ื˜ึฐื”ึนืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึตืฅ ืึถืจึถื– ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึดื™ ืชื•ึนืœึทืขึทืช ื•ึฐืึตื–ึนื‘. (ื™ื“ ื“)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืœืžื” ืฆื•ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื ืœื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื•ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืื—ืช ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื—ืช, ื•ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืื—ืช.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืฉื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœึทืฆึผึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื›ืš ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืขืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื™ืš. ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื” ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฆืจืขืช, ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืฉืกื•ืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื›ืš ืื ื—ื–ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื•ืคื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจืขืช ืขืœื™ืš ืœื›ืš ืฉื•ืœื— ืื—ืช ื•ืฉื•ื—ื˜ ืื—ืช. (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื)
ื"ื  ืœื›ืš ืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื– ื—) ื›ึฐึผืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ื ื•ึนื“ึถื“ึถืช ืžึดืŸ ืงึดื ึธึผื”ึผ ื›ึตึผืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื ื ื•ึนื“ึตื“ ืžึดืžึฐึผืงื•ึนืžื•ึน ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจืข (ื™ื’ ืžื•) ื‘ึธึผื“ึธื“ ื™ึตืฉึตืื‘ ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึทืžึทึผื—ึฒื ึถื” ืžื•ึนืฉึธืื‘ื•ึน. ืœืคื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืฆืคืฆืคื™ืŸ. (ื”ืจื"ืฉ)
ื"ื  ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื— ืžืžื ื• ื”ืฆืจืขืช, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื‘ ื›ึฐึผืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึตื“ ืขึทืœ ื’ึธึผื’ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื‘ ื—) ื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืžืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืœื—ืช ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”. (ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™)

ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื - ืจืžื– ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ื•ืžืจืื” ืœืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืขืฉื” ื•ื™ืžืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ื•. ื•ึฐืฉึธืื—ึทื˜ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฆึดึผืคึผื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึถื—ึธืช ื™ืžื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข. ืึถืœ ื›ึฐึผืœึดื™ ื—ึถืจึถืฉื‚ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืื™ืš ื ืžืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืงื ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืžื™ืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื™ืฉืคื™ืœื”ื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชืงื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืžื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉื—ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ืขึทืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืžื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื”"ืฉ ื“ ื˜ื•) ืžึทืขึฐื™ึทืŸ 'ื’ึทึผื ึดึผื™ื' ื‘ึฐึผืึตืจ ืžึทื™ึดื ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื, 'ื’ืŸ ื™ื' ื’"ืŸ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉืœื• ืœื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื ื˜) ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึธื” ืžึดื ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื. (ืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ื’ึท"ืŸ ืกึฐื“ึธืจึดื™ื ื“ึฐึผืึดืชึฐึผืžึทืจ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ )ืฉื™ืจ ื“, ื™ื‘ (ื’ึทึผืŸ ื ึธืขื•ึผืœ ืึฒื—ื•ึนืชึดื™ ื›ึทืœึธึผื” ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจ ืœื— ื) ื•ื›ืŸ ืืจื–"ืœ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ:) ืึดื ืคึผึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึฐื ึปื•ึผื•ึนืœ ื–ึถื” โ€“ ืžื‡ืฉืึฐื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉื. ื•ึฐืขึตืฅ ืึถืจึถื– ื–ื” ืฉืœื‘ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืžืชื’ืื” ื›ืืจื–. ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึดื™ ืชื•ึนืœึทืขึทืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ื™ื—) ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื˜ืื™ื›ื ื›ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืฉืœื’ ื™ืœื‘ื™ื ื•. ื•ึฐืึตื–ึนื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืฉืคืœ ื›ืื–ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื)
ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื โ€“ ื˜ืขื ืœื‘' ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืื—ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืคึผึทื˜ึผึดื™ื˜ ื”ืฉื—ื•ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื›ึฐึผืœึดื™ ื—ึถืจึถืฉื‚ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืงื ื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืจืžื•ื– ื“ืื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจื•ื— ื ืฉื‘ืจื”. ื•ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื”ื•ื, ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขึทืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืจืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขึตืฅ ืึถืจึถื– ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึดื™ ืชื•ึนืœึทืขึทืช ื•ึฐืึตื–ึนื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืขื”. (ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš)
ืึดื ืคึผึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึฐื ึปื•ึผื•ึนืœ ื–ึถื” โ€“ ืžื‡ืฉืึฐื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉื. (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ:)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžึธืฉืึฐื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžื•ืœื™ื›ื• ืขืžื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื? ื•ื”ื•ื” ืœื™ื” ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื‘ืจื— ืžืžื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ. ื›ืื•ืžืจื• ื•ึฐืชึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ืงึตื ึดื™ ืžึดื™ึผึตืฆึถืจ ื”ึธืจึธืข.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืึดื ืคึผึธื’ึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึฐื ึปื•ึผึธืœ ื–ึถื” ืœื”ื—ื˜ื™ืืš ื‘ื—ืžื“ื” ื•ืงื ืื” ื•ืชืื•ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืืœ ืชื“ื—ื”ื• ื•ืชืฉืœื™ื›ื”ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืœื ืžึฐืฉืึนืšึฐ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืงื ืื” ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ืžื“ื” ื•ืชืื•ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื›ื—ื• ื—ื“ื•ื•ืชื ื“ืฉืžืขืชืชื ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืกืชื•ื ื•ืžื•ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืคืชืจื• ื•ืœืคืจืฉื• ื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืืชื” ื–ื›ื™ืช ืœืคืจืฉื• ื•ืœืคืชืจื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขืชื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืš, ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉึธื‚ืฉื‚ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ืึดืžึฐืจึธืชึถืšึธ ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึนืฆึตื ืฉึธืืœึธืœ ืจึธื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜, ืงืกื‘). (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื)

ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ - ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื“ ื™ื) ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ื˜ึฐื”ึนืจึธื” ืชึนึผืื›ึตืœื•ึผ, ืคืจื˜ ืœืขื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ืžืื™ื. ืœึฐื”ึทืชึดึผื™ืจ ืžึฐืฉึปืืœึทึผื—ึทืช ืฉึถืื‘ึทึผืžึฐึผืฆึนืจึธืข ืฉืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. (ืกืคืจื™ ืงื’ , ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื ื–.)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฆึดืคึณึผืจึดื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื˜ึฐื”ึนืจื•ึนืช ืœืžื” ืœื™. ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข. (ื‘ืœื ืžื•ื)
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ืช ืื• ืขื•ืฃ ืฉื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข. ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื˜ึฐื”ึนืจื•ึนืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฃ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืจ. (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™)

ืžึทื›ึฐืจึดื™ื– ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึฒืœึถื›ึผึฐืกึทื ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึดื™: ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™? ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™? ืžื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืึดื™ื›ึผึฐื ื•ึผืฃ ื•ึทืึฒืชื•ึน ื›ึผื•ึผืœึผึตื™ ืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ืœึฐื’ึทื‘ึผึตื™ื”ึผ ื”ืชืืกืคื• ื•ื‘ืื• ื”ื›ืœ ืืœื™ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืึธืžึฐืจึดื™ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ: ื”ึทื‘ ืœึทืŸ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™! ืึฒืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื“): ืžึดื™ ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึถื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ืึนื”ึตื‘ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ื ึฐืฆึนืจ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืžึตืจึธืข ื•ึผืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืžึดืจึฐืžึธื”. (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื™ื˜:)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืงื˜ ื‘ื›ืคืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™? ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ื ืœืจืžื•ื– ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืืจื–"ืœ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ื•.) ื–ึธื›ึธื” ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง โ€” ื ึธื˜ึทืœ ื—ึถืœึฐืงื•ึน ื•ึฐื—ึตืœึถืง ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ ืœื ืคืฉ ื•ึผืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื)
ื"ื  ืจืžื– ื‘ื›ืคืœ ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื•ืืžืจ ื ึฐืฆึนืจ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืžึดื™ ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึถื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื– ืึนื”ึตื‘ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ ื ึฐืฆึนืจ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื ึฐืฆึนืจ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืžึตืจึธืข. ื•ืก"ืช ื ึฐืฆึนืจ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืžึตืจึธืข ื•ึผืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึถื™ืšึธ ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉ"ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื“ืœื ืฆื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื”"ื‘ ื“ืื—"ื› ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืกื•ึผืจ ืžึตืจึธืข ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘. (ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ)
ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ - ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึฐืœึดื™ืชึทืื™ ืงึธื˜ึตื™ืœ ืชึผึฐืœึดื™ืชึทืื™, ื”ื•ึนืจึตื’ ืœึทืžึฐืกึทืคึผึฐืจื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึทืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึธืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•. (ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•:)
ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื”ื•ืจื’ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื: ื”ืื•ืžืจื•, ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื•, ื•ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• .ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื ืขื ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื•. ืžืกืคืจื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืืฆืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. (ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืขืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข). ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึฒืœึถื›ึผึฐืกึทื ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึดื™ ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™? ืžึทืืŸ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™? ื‘ื›ืคืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืึทืœ ื™ึดืคึผึธื˜ึตืจ ืึธื“ึธื ืžึตื—ึฒื‘ึตื™ืจื•ึน ืึถืœึผึธื ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื”, ืฉืึถืžึผึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื–ื•ึนื›ึฐืจึตื”ื•ึผ. (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื. ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื“.)
ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืืžืจ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืœืžื” ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื–ื›ืจื”ื•?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•. ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš, ืื ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ื ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื ื‘ื’ื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืขื ืฉื• ื›ืคื•ืœ โ€“ ื’ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ื’ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜ ื™ื–) ืœึนื ืชึดืฉึฐื‚ื ึธื ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ.
ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ืื– ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืขื ืฉ, ืขื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ืจื• ื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•.) ื›ึผื‡ืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจื•ึน ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐืื•ึผืœึผึธื” ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื. (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื)
ื"ื  ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื” ื›ื“) ืึทืœ ืชึดึผืจึฐื’ึฐึผื–ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื“ึธึผืจึถืšึฐ - ืึทืœ ืชึผึดืชึฐืขึทืกึผึฐืงื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื”, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ืชึผึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐื–ื•ึผ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื”ึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™:). ื ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืืชื™ื ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืข ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ื” ืฉื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช. (ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื“.) ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืจืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื’ื–ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืœ ืชืจื’ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืจื’ื– ืขืœื™ื›ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืชืชืขื•.(ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™:)
ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” , ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช [email protected]

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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