ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื
  • ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืคืจืื’, ืฆ'ื›ื™ื” Prague, Czech Republic
ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื”'ืชืฉื "ื•

ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื—

ืฉืืœื”
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื—, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“?
ื”ืื ืงื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืงืจื™ "ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“"?
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื–ืืช?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืกื— ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช1 ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื—2, ืื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืจืง ืฉืžืŸ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช3 ืื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืกืคืง, ืื ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื’ื•ื–ื™-ืื“ืžื” ื•ืกื•ื™ื”4.
ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคืกื— ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื—5.
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ืš ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื‘ืคืกื—, ืืฉืจ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜6.

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ื. ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ" (ืกื•"ืก ืงื™ื’): "ืืคืก, ื ืจืื” ืื ื ืžืฆื ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ืœื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื“ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื™ืชื ืืœื ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื“ื”' ืžื™ื ื™ื". ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ืจืž"ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื (ืกื™' ืชื ื’ ืกืข' ื): "ืžื™ื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื ืคืœื• [ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช] ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ". ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ "ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ" ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื”ืชื™ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉืฉื™ื ื ื’ื“ื• - ืืกื•ืจ, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืž"ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืก' ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื‘"ื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘" (ืฉื ืก"ืง ื•) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืจืž"ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื: "ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื "ืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื"ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื‘ืขืœืžื... ืž"ืž ืจื•ื‘ (ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ) ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ, ื•ืื ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืžืงืจื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœืœ, ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืžืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”" (ืกื™' ืชื ื’ ืก"ืง ื—-ื˜) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื: "ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืื•ืชื ื’ืจื’ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื•ืจืงืŸ, ืื ืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ". ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ืกื™' ื™ื) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื™ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช.
ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื, ืฉืขืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ืกื™' ื™ื) ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”"ื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘", ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืคืกื—" (ืกื™' ืชื ื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’).
ื‘. ื‘"ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชื ื’ ืกื•ืฃ ืกืข' ื) ื›ืชื‘: "ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ [ื”ืจืž"ื] ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืื ื ืคืœื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™, ื“ืœื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื—ืœืช ื—ื•"ืœ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ื›ืœื”". ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืกื—. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื–ืจืข ืืžืช" (ื—"ื’ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืžื— ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘"ื™ื—ื•ื” ื“ืขืช" ื—"ื” ืกื™' ืœื‘),. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ืกื™' ื™ื ื”ื "ืœ) ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืžืฉื"ื› ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ื "ื“ ื“ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—, ื“ืื– ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ (ืžืฉื•ื) ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืชืงื ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืงื™ืœื ื–ื• ืžืŸ ื—ืœืช ื—ื•"ืœ ื“ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืกื™' ืชื ื’) ื“ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื’ืžื•ืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ". ืืžื ื ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉื ืืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—. ื•ื‘"ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
ื’. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜"ื– (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื— ืก"ืง ื“) ืฉ"ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื›ื•"ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื”ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืขื›ื•"ื ื“ืกืชื ื›ืœื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื. ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืœืงื ื™ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”". ืื ื›ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ืžื•ืชืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ื“ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืืคื•ื ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืž"ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช.
ื“. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ "ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช" ืขืจืš: ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 50).
ื”. ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื™ื—ื•ื” ื“ืขืช" (ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื™' ืœื‘) ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ืœืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื—, ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ, ื•ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืž"ื ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืชืจ, "ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื ืื•ืจื– ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื– ื•ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื". ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืžืื›ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืกื—, ืื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื• ืœืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืืœื” ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ืชืจื” ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื™ื—ื•ื” ื“ืขืช" (ืฉื ืขืž' ืงื ื‘). ื•. ื ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ: (ื) ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช; (ื‘) ืœื“ืขืช ื”"ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ" ื•"ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง" ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”; (ื’) ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื; (ื“) ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ - ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ - ืœื“ืขืช ืจืž"ื ื”ืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“.

2 ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ืกื™' ื™ื) ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—. ื•ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ืกื™' ืชืžื– ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“) ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืžืฅ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื— ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”"ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ" ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื•, ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื— ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
3 ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ืื ื’ื ืฉืžืŸ-ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœืื•. ืขื™ื™ืŸ "ืžืจื—ืฉืช" (ืกื™' ื’) ื•"ืื•ืจื— ืžืฉืคื˜" ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง (ืกื™' ืงื—-ืงื™ื). ื•ื ื”ื™ ื“ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ-ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ.

4 ื›ื "ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 3, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ "ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ" (ื›ืจืš ื’ ืขืž' 166) ืฉื“ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื‘"ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ื—"ื• ืกื™' ืขื‘) ืฉื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืกื—.

5 ื›ื "ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 1 ื›ืจืž"ื ืฉืืกืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ืกื™' ื™ื) ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคืกื—.

6 ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”.





ื‘ืฉื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”,

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ
ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช:
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’
ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il