ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ื—ืงืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 39 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืชืงื ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ
ืงืจืื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช, ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”. ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›, ื) ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ: "ืœืžื” ื ืกืžื›ื” ืคืจืฉืช ืžื™ืชืช ืžืจื™ื ืœืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื”? ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืคืจื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืชืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื›ืคืจืช". ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืืœื• ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžื›ืคืจืช, ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ืคืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ: "ืžืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื ืฃ ืคืœื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš. ืืžืจื•: ืชื‘ื ืืžื• ื•ืชืงื ื— ื”ืฆื•ืื”, ื›ืš ืชื‘ื ืคืจื” ื•ืชื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ืœ" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื˜, ื›ื‘). ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“? ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ (ื’ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›, ื): ืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื. ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึถื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึฐื›ึถื" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื‘, ื•) ืงื•ื“ื ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, "ืึธื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึฐืึธื“ึธื ืชึผึฐืžื•ึผืชื•ึผืŸ ื•ึผื›ึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ืชึผึดืคึผึนืœื•ึผ" (ืฉื ื–). (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื™ืชืจื• ื˜) ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช. ื•ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืœืงืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื‘ืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืœืงื—ื• ืขื’ืœ ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, ืืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ื•ืžืžื ื• ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจื”, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืขื’ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”. ื‘ื—ื˜ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื’ืฉืžื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ. ื‘ืื” ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืจ. ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง, ืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื” ื•ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื’ื ืœืคืจื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ, ื•ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืคืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื•ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”. ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ืคืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
ืžืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ืชื• (ื›ื•, ื™): ื”ืคืจื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื˜ื”ืจืช ืžื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžืช ืืœื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืกืœืง ืืช ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ืชื”. ืขื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืžื•ื– ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ืฉืฉืจืคืช ื”ืคืจื” ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ืžื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืžืืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืžื˜ืžืืช, ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื” ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•, ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžืขืœื” ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื.

ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื ื—ืœื™ ืืจื ื•ืŸ: "ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ึตืึธืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึฒืžึนืช ื”' ืึถืช ื•ึธื”ึตื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึผืคึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึฐื—ึธืœึดื™ื ืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื, ื™ื“). ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื:
ืชื ื: ืืช ื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืคื” - ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ืฉืงืจืื• ืœืื—ื“ 'ืืช' ื•ืœืื—ื“ 'ื”ื‘' ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื ื”- ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ื ื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื ื—ืœื™ ืืจื ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื• ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืื• ืฉื ื•ืชื›ื ื ื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืขื‘ืจื•, ื ื–ืจื•ืง ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื•ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ืจื’ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืžืงื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื“ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื—ืœื™ ืืจื ื•ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื• 'ืืช' ื•'ื”ื‘' ื•ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”. (ืชืจื’ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื“.)
ื”ืจื‘ (ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ ืฉื) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื "ืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื". ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืžืกืœืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ื”ืืจื•ืŸ - ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื™ืช, ื”ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
"ืืช" ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ืืžืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”"ืž" ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืจืง ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืื ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื ื”"ืž" ื ื™ืฉืืจืช ืจืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคืจื ื™ืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
"ื•ื”ื‘" โ€“ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืข ื”ืฉื ื™, ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ื’ื ื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ "ื•ื”ื‘" ื•"ืื”ื‘ื”" ืฉื•ื•ื™ื. ื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื“ืจื›ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืžื›ื”, ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื•ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื - ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช.
ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืคืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช. ืืœื• "ืืช" ื•"ื•ื”ื‘" ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืขื›ื‘ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ืชืžื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”' ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื”ื: ื“ืขื• ืžืืœื• ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆืœืชื - ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืœื ืžืขืฆื•ืจื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืœื ืจืง ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆืœ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื ืข ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืื“ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื•ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื•ื ื™ืฆืœ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืฆืจื•ืชื™ื•, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื". ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืžื ืข ืืช ืฉืžื™ืจืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื•ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืชื ื• ื•ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•... ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›ื, ื“) ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื• ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืื“ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš, ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืขื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ื•ื™ืกืคืจื• ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ, ืฉื™ืกืคืจื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื• - ืฉืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช.
ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ
ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื’ ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืขื•ื’: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธื ืึนืชื•ึน" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื, ืœื’), ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ืขื•ื’. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: "ืฉืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื“:). ื–ื• ืœื ืื’ื“ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืžืฉืœ, ืขื•ื’ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ื“ืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืจืกืื•ืช โ€“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื. ืืžืจ ืืงื— ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื•ืื–ืจื•ืง ืขืœื™ื”ื - ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆื— ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื•ื‘ืื• ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืจืจื• ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ื•ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืงืขื” ืขื“ ืœื›ืชืคื™ื• ื•ืื– ืฉื™ื ื™ื• ื ืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืœืข ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืŸ. ื‘ื ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฉืจ ืืžื•ืช, ืœืงื— ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ืืžื•ืช, ืงืคืฅ ืขืฉืจ ืืžื•ืช ื•ืชืงืข ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืกื•ืœื™ื• ื•ืขื•ื’ ื ืคืœ. ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, "ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืงืฉ ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื’ืžืจื ื’ืžื™ืจื™ ืœื”" (ืฉื).
ืžื” ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ - ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉื. ืขื•ื’ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืžืฉื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™. ืื ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ: ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื ืงืจื ืงื˜ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื ึธื”ึผ ื”ึทืงึผึธื˜ึธืŸ" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื–, ื˜ื•) ืžื•ื ื” ืœืงื˜ืŸ - ืœืœื‘ื ื” (ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ื ื˜). ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืชื•, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื™, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืœืจืกืง ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ. ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืฆื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืš ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ืจืงื•ื‘, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช. ืœืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื‘ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืš ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืจืง ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•. ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืš ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื—ืกืจื”, ื›ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื—ืกืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืง ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื— ืœื—ื™ืžื”.
ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ื• ื”ื ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืฉื‘"ื› ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืœืžื•ืกื“.... ื™ืฉื ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—. ืืš ืืฆืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื— ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืžื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
ื›ืš ืืฆืœ ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžืงืฉืงืฉืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ื–ื•ื’, (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื˜:). ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื’ื ืœืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนื ื”ึทืคึผึธืœึดื™ื˜" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“, ื™ื’) ื–ื” ืขื•ื’ ืฉืคืœื˜ ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. (ื ื“ื” ืกื.) ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื ืžืขื•ื’ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธื ืึนืชื•ึน" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื, ืœื’) (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื). ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื’ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืงืจื ืขื ืง (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื“, ื•) ื•ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื. ืขื•ื’ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ืืš ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื•ื—, ื•ื”ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื’ื•ืœื™ืช, ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื - ื•ืื– ื”ืจื•ื— ืžื ืฆื—ืช.
ื”ืจื•ื— ืžื ืฆื—ืช
ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื ืžืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข, ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื ืžืฆื ืžืœืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ืฆื—. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช. "ืึตืœึผึถื” ื‘ึธืจึถื›ึถื‘ ื•ึฐืึตืœึผึถื” ื‘ึทืกึผื•ึผืกึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื ึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›, ื—) - ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื, ืœื ืฉื‘ืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื•ื”' ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืืš ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ื’ ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืฉืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืก ื’ืœื•ื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ื“ ื”' ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื ืฆื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ืขืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื•. ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจืš ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืช, ืœืžื” ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื? ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ? ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, "ืชืฉื›ื•ืŸ" ื–ื” ืื ื•, ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืชืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ืŸ? ืื•ืœื™, ืืš ืœื ืจืง, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืขื ืฉืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉื ื”'.
ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื”' - ืชื’ืจื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืื ื• ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืชืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืš ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืชื’ืœื” ื•ื™ืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื ืฆื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆื— ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื - ืืš ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืงื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืงื“ื
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื•ืชื‘: ืงื•ืœ ื”' ืงื•ืจื, ืขื•ืจื• (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื˜ ื•ืขื•ื“). ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ - ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื”. ืื“ื ื‘ืœื ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืฆืจืคืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืชืงื•ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ืชืงื•ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื, ื•ืื•ื‘ืžื” ืœื•ื—ืฅ, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื™ืคืจืกืžื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” - ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช - ื•ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืชื ื• ืื ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•ืื ื• ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆื—ื™ื. ื–ื• ืงืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืขืฆื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื•, ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•: ืชื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืื– ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื. ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”' ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืฉืช ื•ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ.
ื›ืขืช ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืงืจื™ืื” ืืœื ื–ื• ื–ืขืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื ื•, ืืœื• ืœื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•. ื”' ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื›ื ื•ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืชื–ื“ืจื–ื• ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื•. ื—ื–"ืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื ื•: "ืื ืจืื™ืชื” ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืืœื• ืฆืคื” ืœืจื’ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžื), ืืฃ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื—, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื”ืŸ ืžืชื’ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืื ื• ื ืคืชื— ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืคืชื— ืœื ื• ื›ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ื—) ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจืช. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ืžื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื•ืœื ืฆื—, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข. ื—ื–ืง ื•ื ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœืžื”.



^ 1.. ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข"ื”.
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ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ื—ืงืช
ื—ืงืช
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ื•

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•" ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš" ื•ื”"ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื", ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืืช-ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื

    ืžื” ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช? ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”? ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื’ืœ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    5 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื—ื•ืงืช - ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”

    ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    47 ื“ืง'
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจ ?

    ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•.

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ืงื•ืจื— - ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    37 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ' - ืœ"ื

    ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” | ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช | ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ | ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ | ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช |ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

    ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘

    ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘''ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘''ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘. ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ | ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค''ื•
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    1:02
    ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื

    ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชืคื“ื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

    ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช | ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ | ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœื | ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ | ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื“ื” | ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืงื• | ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ืœืื™ืœื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    38 ื“ืง'
    ืžืœื›ื™ื - ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™

    ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ืคืจืง ื›"ื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›"ื‘ - ืœ'

    ืœืžื” ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ? ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืงื? ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ - ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื? ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืœ"ื— - ืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”. ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื—ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืคืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช- ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืคืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื›"ื“ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il