ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ื‘ืœืง
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 59 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืื ื‘ืœืขื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง?
ืงืจืื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืœืง. ื‘ืœืขื ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ: "ืชึผึธืžึนืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’, ื™), ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘. ื‘ืœืขื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”'. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงืœืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืœืœ ืื•ืชื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืžืื“ ืืช ื”ืจืข. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ืคืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื.
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืื“ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืจืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ืžืจืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ื’ืžื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื“ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉืงืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชื’ืื” ืืœื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื.
ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ืžืจื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื "ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ื–ืžืจื™ ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื›ืคื ื—ืก" (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื›ื‘:) ืืœื• ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ื ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืื•ึนืชึธืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ืึธืžึฐืจึตืšึฐ ืœึนื ื—ึธื˜ึธืืชึดื™" (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื‘, ืœื”), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœื ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื—ื˜ื ืืœื "ืขืœ ืืžืจืš ืœื ื—ื˜ืืชื™".

ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ
ื ืœืžื“ ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืงื•ื‘. ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžื•ื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”? ืืš ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• "ืžึดื™ ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ื˜ึธื”ื•ึนืจ ืžึดื˜ึผึธืžึตื" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื“, ื“) - ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืชืจื— (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื™ื˜, ื) ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ืžื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื ื“ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื™ืฆื ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืงื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื (ื™ื•ืžื ืกื˜:). ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื”ืจื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ! ื‘ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื™ืฆืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื™ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ื”ืจ. ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ืื™ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื, ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืื– ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืขื ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชื•ืš ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ.

ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช
ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ืฉื” ืžืื™ืœื™ื™ื” (ืืœืคื™ ืžื ืฉื”, ืคืกืงื” ืžื“, ืขืž' ื˜ื•) ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ืœื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ืข ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ืฉืžืข ืœืชืจื—, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื™ืœื™ื, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึดื™" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“, ื) ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ืืžืจ ืœืžืฉื”: "ืžึทื” ื–ึผึถื” ื‘ึฐื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึทื˜ึผึถื”" (ืฉื, ื‘) ื•ื”' ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื ื—ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผื”' ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“, ืœื) ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”. ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืืžืจื• ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”' ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืคืจืขื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืืžื™ื ื•. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœืืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ - ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•. ืขื“ ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืจืืฉ ื•ืื ื ืืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง.
ืื ื• ื—ื•ื ื›ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื ื• "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘" ืœืืžื•ื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืœื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืืœื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืฉืฉื›ืœื ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื“ืจื›ื ื™ืฉืจื”. ื‘ื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืจืืฉ ืคืชื•ื—, ื•ืื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช.
ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื‘ื”ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื–ื” ืืกื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืชืฆื ืžื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื”' ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื ื•, ืฉืžื™ื ืคืชืง ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ืฉืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ ื™ืขื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•. ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื”ืคืš ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืืžื•ื ื” ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.
ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื•ืฉื™ ืจื•ื— ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ื•, ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœื ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžื•ืคืชื™ื. ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘"ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘" ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงื‘ืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืืฆืœื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื•, ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืืจืฆื™ื˜, ืืš ืœื ืœืฉื ืžื•ืคืชื™ื.
ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื ืงืœ, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื•ืจืฉืข (ื ืืžืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืฆืคืช), ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ื‘ืขืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉ, ืจืง ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง. ื™ืฉื ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” "ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™" ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืœื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื›ืœ.

ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ื
ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืื“ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืชื• ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•: ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• - ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”: ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข. ืื™ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ ืืœื ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืฆืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื”ื›ืื™ื‘ ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื - ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”: ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ ืžืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืื“ื ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคืชื™ื” ืื• ืงื•ืจื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ืื“ื ืขืฉื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช "ืžื•ืคืช" ื•ืื– ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื• ืืžืช 'ืืœื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื“ืขืชื•'...... ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืฆืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช. ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ. ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื ืจืง ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื–ื™ ืœืื™ืฆื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘.
ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืื ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงื•ืจื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื•. ืื“ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืง, ื•ืื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื” ืœื ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžื•ืคืช. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืฆืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื—ื˜ืคื•. ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ: 'ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” 'ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื' ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ื ืฆืœื•. ื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื•ื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ื’ืžืช ื ืคืฉ'. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ. ื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ - ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืกื ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืจืง ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. "ืคึผึถืชึดื™ ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื“, ื˜ื•).
ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืฉืงืจ ืืš ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืืžืช. ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืกื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•. ื–ื›ื” - ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ืกื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื ื–ื›ื” - ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ืกื ืžื™ืชื”. (ื™ื•ืžื ืขื‘:) ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ืขื ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื•ืช ื•ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื– ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื•ืฉืจ. ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉืžืชืขืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื•. ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•, ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื”. ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกื•ื”ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื–ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ืื ื™ ืœื ืคื•ืกืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง.
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ืจื•ื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืืš ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื‘ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ, ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฉืชืคืจ - ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ.

ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช
ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื ืื“ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ, ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ืฉื™ืชืื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืžื ื•ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืจืฆื—. ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืจืฆื•ื— ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื“ืฃ, "ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธืงื•ึผื ืึดื™ืฉื ืขึทืœ ืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผืจึฐืฆึธื—ื•ึน ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื›ื•).
ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื•ืžืืžืœืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืžื ื•ื•ืœื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ืจืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื•. ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ื” ืœื ืขืกืง ืฉืœื™, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”', ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”'.
ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขื–ืจ, ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.

ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืื‘ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึตืชึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื’ึผึตืคึธื” ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืึธืœึถืฃ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื”, ื˜). ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: "ืคึผึดื™ื ึฐื—ึธืก ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึถืช ื—ึฒืžึธืชึดื™ ืžึตืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงึทื ึฐืื•ึน ืึถืช ืงึดื ึฐืึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื›ึดืœึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื ึฐืึธืชึดื™: ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ืึฑืžึนืจ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื" (ืฉื ื™ื โ€“ ื™ื‘) ื•ืื– ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื’ืžืจืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™, ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืกื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืขืกืง ืชื•ืงืŸ. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื. ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”' ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื ืฉืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ืืช ืคืขื•ืจ. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ื‘ืจื ื ื—ืœ ื›ื–ื” - ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ, ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืงื•ืฉื™, ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉืชื›ืœืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ. ื•ื›ืขืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื, ื”ื ืงื‘ืœื• ืžื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™. ื›ืš ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ - ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ืฉืœื™ื. ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื - "ื•ึผืžึทืขึฐื™ึธืŸ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”' ื™ึตืฆึตื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืงึธื” ืึถืช ื ึทื—ึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื˜ึผึดื™ื" (ื™ื•ืืœ ื“, ื™ื—). ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื“ืจืš ื™ืจืื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืช ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืื”ื‘ื”.
ื’ื ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื›ืš ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ื“ืจืš ืžื›ื•ืช.
ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื ืฉื’ื ื›ืขืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื“ืจืš ืžื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ืžื›ื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช, ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืคื ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืคืข ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื•. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ ืคืขื. ืื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื•, ืื ื• ืžื›ื•ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื›ืขืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื. ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื’ื ืขื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืจืกื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืžื‘ืจื™ืื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืœื›ืœื•ืš ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' - ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื. ื’ื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืคื’ืฉื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœืžื™ ืœื. ืื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ืืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื–, ืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ- ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™, ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืชืื‘ืœ ืืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืื—ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื“ืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืืš ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื›ืคืœ ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”', ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”' ื ืฆื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.



^ 1.. ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข"ื”.
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ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ื‘ืœืง
ื‘ืœืง
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ื’ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื• ืžืืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื

    ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 5

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืชื•ืš "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื”, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง, ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื
    57 ื“ืง'
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"
    36 ื“ืง'
    ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื“ื•ืข ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื - "ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื"

    ื”' ืžื ืกื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื“ื•ืข? ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• | ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื ื”ื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช | ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื–ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืขืก | ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”
    ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”

    ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื—ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”". ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืžื ื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื•' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืกื•ื“ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื

    ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”"ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื’ื“, ื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืื” ืžืฉื” ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืจ ื ื‘ื•, ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื–' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–
    ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ

    ืžืืžืจ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ
    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจ"ืœ

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืื™ื™ืจ ื”'ืชืฉื "ื—
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• โ€“ ืขื ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™

    ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืžื›ืื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื-ื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื˜ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื“ืจืš ืคืกืงืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”
    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”

    ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”

    ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”: ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื’ืžืจื ื•ืœื—ื˜ื ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ | ื’' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—
    26 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืงืœ"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?
    4 ื“ืง'
    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• - ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“
    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ

    ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื™ ื˜ื—ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il