ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืœื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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10 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื”
ืžืฉื” ืชื™ืงืŸ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืข"ืค ืฉืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืคืจืง ื).
ืจืžื– ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’) "ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื" ื•ื“ืจืฉื• "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ" ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืชืœื” ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืฉืœื— ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง (ื‘"ืจ ืค"ื‘ ืœื‘ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื—, ื‘).

ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื”
ืขื ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” (ื˜ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืขื” ื) ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืกืชื™ืžื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉืงื™ืขื”.
ื—ืœื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขืœื™ื: ื—ื•ืœืฅ ืžืขื™ืœื• ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืขื” ื”).

ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื”
ืœื ื•ื— ืžืขืกืงื™ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ "ื•ื”ื—ื™ ื™ืชืŸ ืืœ ืœื™ื‘"ื• ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื™ืคืฉืคืฉ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•.
ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืกืงื™ื• ื•ืœืžืœืื›ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื›ื— ืืช ืžืชื• ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืจ ืœื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื (ืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ) ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืžืชื• ื•ื™ืชืื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจืกื“).

ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืขื”
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืชืื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืžืชื ื—ืžืช (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื ื‘, ื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื“ืง ื—ืœืง ื’ ืฉ"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื• ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ ืคืœื˜ื•ื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ).
ื›ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ [ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง] ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื“ืฃ ืจื™ื˜ ืจืข"ื) ืืžืจ ืจ"ื™ ื›ืœ ื–' ื™ื•ืžื™ ื ืฉืžืชื ืื–ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืชื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืจื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืืชืื‘ืœืช ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ื’ื•ืคื ืื–ืœื ื•ื™ืชื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ื” ื—ืžื™ ืœื›ืœื”ื• ืขืฆื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืื‘ืœื, ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ: ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืงื‘ืจ ื•ืžืงื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื›ื•' (ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ"ื ืคืจืง ืœื“ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจื•ืงื— ืกื•"ืก ืฉื™ื’, ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•.

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืกื
ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืกื ืื• ืกืคืกืœ ืืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจืงืข (ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื’ ื“ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื˜ืŸ) ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ ื™ื’) "ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืืจืฅ".
ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืกืœื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ (ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื ืกืคื— ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื“ืข"ืง)
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช [ื•ื”ืชืžื ื•ืช] ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ (ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื‘ ื”)
ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื•ืœ ืžืจืื” (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืฆ ืก"ืง ืขื) ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžื ืฉืžื ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืงื ืฉื—ื™ื˜) [ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื] (ื›ืœ ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืจืื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืช"ืก ื—"ื‘ ืฉื– ืข"ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžื•ืข"ืง ื˜ื•, ื).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื ื•ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื•ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื ื•ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื›ืŸ ืžื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžืจืื•ืช (ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืฉ, ืฉื•"ืช ื’ื ื–ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืžื—, ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื).

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช
ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื” (ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืขืžื•ื“ 145 ื”ืขืจื” 20).
ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื—ืช ืจื•ื— ืœื ืคื˜ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื ื”ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžืชื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื ืืช ืื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ื—ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืื•ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื–ืš ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ืœื ืจ ืฉืืžืจ "ื ืจ ื”' ื ืฉืžืช ืื“ื", ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืฉืžื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ืืฉืจ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ ืขื•ื“ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจ (ื”ื’ืจื™"ื— ืžื‘ื’ื“ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงื› ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื”).
ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ
(ืจืข"ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืขื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื"ืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื›ื“)
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื•ื— ืจืขื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื (ืื•"ื— ืจื›ื“ ื•ื"ืจ ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืขื•).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื•ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืคื ืื™ ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืžืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื”ืคืงืจ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืœื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ (ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื›ื” ื” ื”ืขืจื” 11*).
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื“ื›ืชื‘ "ื”ืžืฉืื™ืœ ื—ืœื•ืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื™ื˜ืœื• ืžืžื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ืœ" (ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืฅ ืขืžื•ื“ 330 ื›ื™ ื›ืš ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื”"ื” ืกื’ืœ ื–"ืœ, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“"ื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื“ ืื•ืช ืœ).

ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืชืคืœื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื ืขื ื”ืื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ (ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืค ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื‘ ื).

ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ
ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—, ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื) [ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืžื ื™ื].
ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืฉืืฃ ืœื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉืจื•ื— ืจืขื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื (ืžืฉืžืจืช ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื›ื” ื”ืขืจื” 14 ืฉื›ืš ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื’ืจื™ืฉ"ื).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”
ื”ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”' ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืžื—ื™ ืœื‘" ืืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืคื“ ื).
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”, ืžืกื›ืช ืžื•"ืง, ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื•ืžื ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ ืจืฆื, ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืงื ื“ ื‘ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื“).
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื™
ืืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ืจืง ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืจืคื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืคื“ ื“), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืคืจืกื•ื ื˜ืคื™ ื•ืืกื•ืจ (ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื), ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืžื“ ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื—ื” (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ).
ืฉื ื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื
ืืฃ ืฉืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืฉืชื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.
ืžื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื•ืฆืขืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื” ืื“ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” (ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืœื‘).
ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื“ ื•).
ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื”
ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ (ืžื•ืข"ืง ื˜ื•, ื‘)
ืจืžื– ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื—ื’ื™ื›ื ืœืื‘ืœ" ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ื’ ืœืื‘ืœ, ืžื” ื—ื’ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ืืฃ ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืคืจืง ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื–).
ื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื”: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืช ืžื”ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืคื).
ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ
ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœื• (ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืค ื”).
ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื—ืช ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืœืื›ื” ืœืื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืืฉื” ืœืืคื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื” (ื˜ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืค ื›ื‘). ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืฉืœื ื ืืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื• (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืค ื›ื‘).
ืืฉืช ืื‘ืœ
ื’ื ืœืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ (ื“ืข"ืง ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืค, ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืค), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื” (ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื).
ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” (ืžื•ืข"ืง ื›ื–, ื‘, ื˜ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืขื— ื–).
ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืจืง ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจืงื” (ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื™ื—, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื•).
ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืื‘ืœื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื™ืงื™ืจื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ืืฃ ืฉืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช (ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืื‘ืœื•ืช ื ื“, ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื ื“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืคื–).
ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ืžื ืขืœื™ื•
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื—ืฆื— ืืช ืžื ืขืœื™ื• ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืขื” [ื ืขืœื™ ื’ื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืื• ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉ], ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ืžื ืขืœื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก.
ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจืช ืจืง ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจ (ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจื— ื–).
ืฉืื™ืœืช ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื‘ืœื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืคื” ื) ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืฉืคื” ื“), ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ืœื ื ืื” ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ื (ืฉื ืฉืžื’ ื“).
ืืžื™ืจืช ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื‘ืœ
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื‘ืœ ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืืจ ืื™ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืœื“).
ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืชื ื”
ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื‘ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช: ืื™ืŸ ืœืื‘ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœื•ืžื• (ืฉื•"ืช ื›"ืก ืกื•ืฃ ืื•"ื—).
ืื ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš: ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืœื ื—ืžื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื ื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ื›"ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ (ืฉื•"ืช ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’' ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืขื–)
ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืชื•
ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžื”ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื (ื™ืœื•"ื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื’ ื).
ืœืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจ
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื‘ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ื•ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•"ืž ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื‘).
ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง
ืœื ื™ืงื— ื”ืื‘ืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžืชื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช (ื’ืžืจื ืžื•ืข"ืง ื›ื•, ื‘ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืคืคื).
ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ
ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืคืจืง ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•, ื˜ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืขื— ื—).
ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ืื ืฆืจื™ืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืื• ื‘ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ (ืžื’"ื ืชืงื ื ื‘, ืงืฉื•"ืข ืจื™ ื˜, ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืชืชืœื˜).
ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื•ืžืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื•ืžืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืœืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื•"ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื” ื—"ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืžื˜).
ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ (ืžื•"ืง ื˜ื•, ื).
ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืœื• (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื“ ื™ื–) "ืคืืจืš ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ืš" ื•ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื ืงืจืื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ืžื–ื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ.
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ" (ืขืžื•ืก ื— ื™) "ื•ืื—ืจื™ืชื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืจ".
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘' ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘' [ืฉืœืžื—ืจืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”] ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคืœื™ืŸ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื”.
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจ"ืช
ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจ"ืช
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืฉืœื ื™ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจ"ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœื• (ื‘ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืœื— ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ, ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื— ื’), ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื”ื ื™ื— (ืฉืข"ืช ืชืงื ื” ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืจืฉ"ืฉ, ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืœื— ื“). ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืฆื ืขื” (ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืก' ืœื—).
ื˜ืœื™ืช: ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื˜ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” (ื“"ืž ืฉืคื—, ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชืคืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื ืคืืจ ืื‘ืœ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื ื™ื—).
ืžื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ืžืช: ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ืžืช (ืจืž"ื ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื“ ื’).
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื”: ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉื ื”ืžืช (ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจืง ื› ื’ ื, ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืฆื’ ื• ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ืงื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื—ืกื“ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœืื‘ืœ).
ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืœืžื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžื ื™ืŸ (ืจืž"ื ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื“ ื’).
ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• (ืœืงื˜ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื—"ื‘ ื“ 95).
ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื•ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื“ ื’) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื›ืœืœ ื›ื– ื‘) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื›ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ, ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช", ื•ืžื“ื›ืชื‘ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื).
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”" ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื›ื•' (ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืœืื’'ื™ ื–"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื™ืคื” ืœืœื‘ ื—ืœืง ื—ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื“ ื’).
ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืฉื”ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ืื• ืืžื• ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ื™ืชื•ื (ืžื”ืจื™"ืฅ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ืฆื“ื™ืง ื—"ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืคื—)
ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™"
ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™" ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืกื ื“ืœ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืคืจืง ื™ื ื”ืขืจื” ืžื• ืžื”ื’ืจื"ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ื’ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื).
ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช
ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืง ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืžืฉื ืช "ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืžืŸ" ื•"ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืงื ื“ ื“ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืช"ื‘, ื•ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ื  ืก"ืง ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘).
ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื.
ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ื›ื”ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืคื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื— ืžื’),
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฆืขืจื• ื•ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืงื›ื— ืก"ืง ืžื’).
ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืœืช ืฉืœื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื•ื™ืฉื ืœืš ืฉืœื•ื" ื•ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืื™ืœืช ืฉืœื•ื.
ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื•"ื ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉืช" (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืงื›ื ื’ ืก"ืง ื•).
ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ืืžืจื• "ืื•"ื" (ืฉืข"ืช ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื ื“"ื” ื ืจืื”, ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—"ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื).
ืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืื ื”ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืืœื ืื—ืจ (ื”ื’ืจืฉื–"ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ืคืจืง ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืื•ืช ื“).
ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ "ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื"
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื" ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืขืžื•ืก ื— ื™) "ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื—ื’ื™ื›ื ืœืื‘ืœ" ื•ืžืงื™ืฉื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ื’ ืžื” ื‘ื—ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ (ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœ).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื™ืžื• ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ [ืืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื ื•] ื”ืื‘ืœ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ื—ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื• (ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืงืœื ื).
ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœืžื ืฆื—" ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœืžื ืฆื—" ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ.
"ืืœ ืืจืš ืืคื™ื"
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืื"ื" [ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”] ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ (ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืงืœื ืก"ืง ืœื”).
ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืก"ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืœืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืงืœื” ืœื‘).
ืขืœื™ื™ื”
ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื”ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืคื“ ื‘), ืœืคื™ ืฉืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืขืœื™ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžื—ืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ (ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื ืกื’).
"ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืืœ" โ€“ "ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื™"
ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ" ืžื“ืœื’ื™ื ืืช ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื™" ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื•ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ" (ื"ืจ ืงืœื ืœื˜ ื‘ืฉื ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื).
ื”ืœืœ ื‘ืจ"ื—
ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ (ื˜"ื– ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืขื• ื‘).
ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ื” (ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืงืœื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืข"ืง ื“ืฃ ื›ื, ื).
ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ: ืžืฉื•ื ืœื•ืขื’ ืœืจืฉ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืฉืžื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืืžืจื• "ืœื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื™ื”ืœืœื• ื™ - ื”" (ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืงื•ืœื ื™ืžื•ืก ืฉื, ืฉื™ืจื™ ื›ื ื”"ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืจื•ืงื— ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื‘"ื— ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ , ื‘ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืฉืขื• ื‘).
ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” (ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืจ"ื“ ืงืœื ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ื ื•"ื‘).
ืชืคื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื™ื•"ื› ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ืขืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืขื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืขืœื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื ื’).
ื‘ืจ"ื— ืืœื•ืœ: ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•"ื› ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื• (ื›ืžืฉ"ื› ื”ืžื˜"ื ืชืงืคื ื’) ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื (ื ื˜ืขื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืคืจืง ืงื‘ ื“).
ืืžื™ืจืช ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคืจืง ื• ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื).
ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื”
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืœื• ืœื ื™ืงื“ืฉ ื”ืœื‘ื ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžื™ืชืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” (ืžื’"ื ืชื›ื• ื“). ื•ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื‘ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il