ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
  • ื›ื™ ืชืฆื
undefined
15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 57 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”

ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื โ€“ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”



ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืœื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”



ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืขืงื‘ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื "ื•ึธืึตืฉืึตึฃื‘ ื‘ึผึธื”ึธึ—ืจ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดึฅื™ื ื™ื•ึนืึ™ ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดึฃื™ื ืœึทึ”ื™ึฐืœึธื” ืœึถึšื—ึถื ืœึนึฃื ืึธื›ึทึ”ืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึผืžึทึ–ื™ึดื ืœึนึฅื ืฉืึธืชึดึฝื™ืชึดื™" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื˜, ื˜, ื™ื, ื™ื—, ื›ื”; ื™, ื™). ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœืžืจื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.


ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื”ื” ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืž' ื™ื•ึนื ืึฒืคึตื™ืงึทืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนืจึธืชึธ"ื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื”", ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. "ืœึธืงึณื‘ึตืœ ืž' ื™ื•ึนื ื“ึผึดื™ืฆึดื™ืจึทืช ื”ึทื•ึผึฐืœึทื“". ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“. ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ "ืœึฐืึทื›ึฐืœึธืœึธื ื‘ึผึตื™ื”ึผ ื ึฐื”ึดื™ืจื•ึผ ื“ึผึดืœึฐืขึตื™ืœึธื, ื•ึผืœึฐืึดืชึฐื‘ึผึฐื ึธืึธื” ืชึผึทืžึผึธืŸ ื’ึผื•ึผืคึตื™ื”ึผ ืžึดื ึผึฐื”ึดื™ืจื•ึผ ื“ึผึดืœึฐืขึตื™ืœึธื. ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐื™ึดืชึฐื—ึฒื–ึตื™ ืœึฐืฉืึทืžึผึธืฉืึธื ืงึทืžึผึตื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื, ื•ึผืœึฐืึทืžึฐืฉืึธื›ึธื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ืœึฐืชึทืชึผึธื"โ€ (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื”). ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.


ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื - ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื



ืื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืœื“, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืœื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžื” ืžื ืกื” ืžืฉื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื“ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื™" ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื ืคืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืข"ื‘, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื). ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ืจื• ื•ื ืคืœื• ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื ื’ื ื–ื• ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.


ืžืขืœืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื



ืžืขืœืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื”ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”' ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•. "ื•ื•ึทื™ึผึธึ–ืงึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึนึฃืื›ึทืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึผึตึœืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนึฃื—ึทื€ ื”ึธืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึธึฃื” ื”ึทื”ึดึ—ื™ื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดึฅื™ื ื™ื•ึนืึ™ ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดึฃื™ื ืœึทึ”ื™ึฐืœึธื” ืขึทึ›ื“ ื”ึทึฅืจ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ื—ึนืจึตึฝื‘" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜, ื”-ื˜ื•). ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ืืœื™ืฉืข ืœืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•.


ืžืกื“ืจ ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื”



ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ "ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื” ืžืกื“ืจ ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ืœ ืœืงืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ". ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ื•ืœืžื” ืขืฉื” ื›ืš? ื›ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื.


ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืš, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ืื™ื. ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื”ืชืขื ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื”ืคื›ื” ืœื• (ืžื•"ืง ื›ื” ืข"ื). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ "ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืชืขื ื™ืชื" ืฆื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืคืกืง ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ืจืขื• ื•ืืงืจื™ื•ื”ื• ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ืื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืžืคื™ืš". "ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืชืขื ื™ืชื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™", ืฆื ืขื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืงืจื™ื•ื”ื• "ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืžืคื™ืš ื•ืžืคื™ ื–ืจืขืš". "ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืžืื” ืชืขื ื™ืชื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™", ืฆื ืขื•ื“ ืžืื” ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช "ืืชื ื•ืืงืจื™ื•ื”ื•" ื‘ืื• ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืื• ืœื• "ืœื ื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืžืคื™ืš ื•ืžืคื™ ื–ืจืขืš ื•ืžืคื™ ื–ืจืข ื–ืจืขืš" (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื” ืข"ื). ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืคืขื. "ืชื ื ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืžื™ ืœื™ื” ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ืžื ื—ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื”" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื— ืข"ื, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืขื‘ ืข"ื‘, ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื– ืข"ื‘, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื  ืข"ื). 


ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชึทื‘ึฐืขึตืจึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืกึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึดื‘ึฐืจึนืช ื”ึทึฝืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”



ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ึฐืžึทืกึผึธื” ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื โ€“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื



ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ื›ืžื” ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืงืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชึทื‘ึฐืขึตืจึธื”ึ™ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืกึผึธึ”ื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึดื‘ึฐืจึนึ–ืช ื”ึทึฝืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธึ‘ื” ืžึทืงึฐืฆึดืคึดึฅื™ื ื”ึฑื™ึดื™ืชึถึ–ื ืึถืช ื”ึฝ'". ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ "ื•ึธึฝืึถืชึฐื ึทืคึผึทึžืœ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตึฃื™ ื”ึ—' ืึตึฃืช ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดึฅื™ื ื”ึทื™ึผึ›ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดึฅื™ื ื”ึทืœึผึทึ–ื™ึฐืœึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ื”ึดืชึฐื ึทืคึผึธึ‘ืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืึธืžึทึฅืจ ื”ึ–' ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดึฅื™ื“ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถึฝื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื˜, ื›ื‘-ื›ื•).


ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ึฐืžึทืกึผึธื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืื–ื”ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•. "ืœึนื ืชึฐื ึทืกึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืกึผึดื™ืชึถื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทืกึผึธื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื˜ื–). "ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืงึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื›ึผึดืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ื›ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืžึทืกึผึธื” ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื” ื—).  ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ืกื™ ื”' ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›"ื” ืื™ื™ืจ โ€“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.


ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจ ื ืฉืืœ: ื•ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›"ื” ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ? ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื). ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื' ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›"ื ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ. ืžืฉื ื”ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœื“ืคืงื”, ืœืืœื•ืฉ ื•ืœืจืคื™ื“ื™ื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื™ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ ื™ื’-ื˜ื•). ืื ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ, ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืŸ ืœื“ืคืงื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจืคื™ื“ื™ื\ืžึทืกึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ื‘ื›"ื” ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื' ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ.


ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืืช ืžืขืœืชื, ื•ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืก ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืจื™ื‘ ืขื ืžืฉื” ื•ืขื ื”' ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื ื”' ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืื• ืœื. "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉืึตื ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืžึทืกึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืขึทืœ ืจึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื ึทืกึผึนืชึธื ืึถืช ื”' ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื”ึฒื™ึตืฉื ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืึดื ืึธื™ึดืŸ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื– ื–). ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื ื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.


ืชึทื‘ึฐืขึตืจึธื” ื•ืงึดื‘ึฐืจึนืช ื”ึทึฝืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธื” - ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ



ืžืฉื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื’ื ืืช ืชึทื‘ึฐืขึตืจึธื” ื•ืงึดื‘ึฐืจึนืช ื”ึทึฝืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื”. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ืขืจื” ื‘ื”ื ืืฉ ื”' ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื—ื ื”. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืชืื•ื• ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื•ื” ื•ืื›ืœื•ื”ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื‘ื›ืขืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืื• ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉื” ื•ื”ืขื ืœื ื ืกืข ืขื“ ื”ื™ืืกืฃ ืžืจื™ื. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืคื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.


ื™ื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ืชึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึฒื•ึนื ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื”



ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ โ€“ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื



ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ึผึฐืžึดืกึฐืคึผึทืจ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ืชึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึฒื•ึนื ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผืึธืชึดื™" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ืœื’-ืœื“). ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื”, ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ื”. 


ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ



ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืื ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื. ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžืกืข: "ืึทืชึผึถึฃื ืจึฐืึดื™ืชึถึ—ื ืึตึฃืช ื›ึผึธืœึพืึฒืฉืึถืจึฉ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธึจื” ื”ึค' ืœึฐืขึตึฝื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถืึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ”ื™ึดื ืœึฐืคึทืจึฐืขึนึฅื” ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœึพืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธึ–ื™ื• ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœึพืึทืจึฐืฆึฝื•ึน: ื”ึทืžึผึทืกึผื•ึนืชึ™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึนึ”ืช ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืจึธืึ–ื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึถึ‘ื™ืšึธ ื”ึธืึนืชึนึงืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึนืคึฐืชึดึ›ื™ื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึดึ–ื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตึฝื: ื•ึฐืœึนึฝืึพื ึธืชึทืŸึฉ ื”ึจ' ืœึธื›ึถึฅื ืœึตื‘ึ™ ืœึธื“ึทึ”ืขึทืช ื•ึฐืขึตื™ื ึทึฅื™ึดื ืœึดืจึฐืึ–ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึทึฃื™ึดื ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนึ‘ืขึท ืขึทึ–ื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึฅื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถึฝื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื˜).


ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื”, ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื ืœื ืงืื™ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื“ืขืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ื” ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืŸ" (ืข"ื– ื” ืข"ื‘). "ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ืขื•ึนืžึตื“ ืขึทืœ ืกื•ึนืฃ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึทืช ืžึดืฉืึฐื ึธืชื•ึน ืขึทื“ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื”" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื). ื•ืžื”ื• ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”'? ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช "ื”ึทืžึผึทืกึผื•ึนืชึ™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึนึ”ืช ืึฒืฉืึถึฅืจ ืจึธืึ–ื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึถึ‘ื™ืšึธ ื”ึธืึนืชึนึงืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึนืคึฐืชึดึ›ื™ื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึดึ–ื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตึฝื" ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื. ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” "ื‘ืฉื ืืช ื”' ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื ื•" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื).


ืึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ื”ึตื™ื›ึธืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™? ื”ึดืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื›ื•ึผ ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื”ึทื›ึผึถืœึถื‘ ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืึฐื›ื•ึผ



ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง. "ืžึธืฉืึธืœ ืœึฐืึธื“ึธื ืฉืึถื”ึดืจึฐื›ึผึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึฐืชึตืคื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ืœึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ. ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื‘ึผึตืŸ ืจื•ึนืึถื” ื—ึตืคึถืฅ ื•ึฐืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืึทื‘ึผึธื ื˜ื•ึนืœ ื—ึตืคึถืฅ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืชึตืŸ ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืœื•ึน, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืช. ืคึผึธื’ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึธื“ึธื ืึถื—ึธื“, ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื‘ึผึตืŸ: ืจึธืึดื™ืชึธ ืึถืช ืึทื‘ึผึธื? ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืึธื‘ึดื™ื•: ืึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ื”ึตื™ื›ึธืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™? ื”ึดืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื›ื•ึผ ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื”ึทื›ึผึถืœึถื‘ ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืึฐื›ื•ึผ" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื™ื– ืคืกื•ืง ื—).


ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื ืงืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื”, ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืงืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื”.


ืชึผึตื—ึทืช ื’ึผึฐืขึธืจึธื” ื‘ึฐืžึตื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืกึดื™ืœ ืžึตืึธื”



ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขืจ ืื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื•ืช "ืชึผึตื—ึทืช ื’ึผึฐืขึธืจึธื” ื‘ึฐืžึตื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืกึดื™ืœ ืžึตืึธื”" (ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื–). ื’ืขืจื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื ืžืžื ื” ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื˜ื, ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืกื™ืœ ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ. ืฉืืฆืœ ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืงืฆืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืื‘ืช, ื•ืืฆืœ ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื.


ืื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืื“ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื›ืœื‘, ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืกื•ืš ืžืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”' ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื. ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”.


ื–ื›ื• - ืื—ื™ืฉื ื”, ืœื ื–ื›ื• - ื‘ืขื™ืชื”



ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”: "ื–ื›ื• - ืื—ื™ืฉื ื”, ืœื ื–ื›ื• - ื‘ืขื™ืชื”". ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”' - ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืงื•ืฉื™, "ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืงื‘ืฆืš". ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ - ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชื’ื™ืขื” ืจืง ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื - ื‘ืขื™ืชื”. ื“ืจืš ื’ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืงืฉื”, "ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืœืš ืฉื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘" (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื– ืข"ื‘).


ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ โ€“ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ



ื•ึผืœึฒืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื™ึตืึธืžึทืจ ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึปืœึทึผื“ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ



ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขืœื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”. ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืื• ื“ืจืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึผืœึฒืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื™ึตืึธืžึทืจ ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึปืœึทึผื“ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึฐื›ื•ึนื ึฐื ึถื”ึธ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ", ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.


ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืฉื•ื ืขื•ื•ืŸ. ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื“ื ื—ื“ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐืงึดื‘ึผึทืฆึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืชึฐื›ึถื: ื•ึฐื–ึธืจึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืžึทื™ึดื ื˜ึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื•ึผื˜ึฐื”ึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ื˜ึปืžึฐืื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึดืœึผื•ึผืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื: ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึตื‘ ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึธื” ืึถืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื›ึถื ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดืจึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืœึตื‘ ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึทืจึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึตื‘ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื• ื›ื“).


ืœื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ "ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™ืจื ื›ื™ ืกืœื™ืง ืœืืจืขื ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืชื™ื‘ ืžืื” ืชืขื ื™ืชื ื“ืœืฉืชื›ื— ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืœืื” ืžื™ื ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ืœื ื ื˜ืจื“ื™ื”" (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื” ืข"ื). ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.


ื›ึผึนืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืžึตื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืขึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึดื™ื ึดื™ืงึธื” ื•ึผืงึฐื˜ึทื ึผื•ึนืช



ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืกืคืง ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืžืื•ืช ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜: "ื–ึนืืช ืึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ืœึทื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนืึตืœ ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืœึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึนืŸ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทืงึผึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื”, ืžื•ึนื“ึธืขึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ืœึตื“ึทืข ื•ึผืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึธื” ื”ึดื™ื. ืืจื–"ืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉื ืฉืื•ึนื—ึตืจ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื” ื‘) 'ืจึธืฆึดื™ืชึธ ื”' ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ' ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ึนืคึตืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึฐื”ึทืคึผึตืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึตืœ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึตื”ึผ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ืึถืช ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ื”ึธ.


ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื”ึฒืคื•ึผื›ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ึดืœึฐื’ึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืึนืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืขึดื“ึผึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึดื“ึผึธื ึดื™ืŸ ื™ึฐื—ึทืœึผึฐืคื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดื‘ึผึธืึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืขึทื“ ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืชึผึฐื“ึดื™ืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืจึธืฆึธื” ืึถืช ืึฒื‘ึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึฒืคึธืจึธื”ึผ ื™ึฐื—ื•ึนื ึตืŸ, ื•ึฐืื•ึนื”ึตื‘ ื—ึณืจึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืฉื‘ื"ื™ ืžึดืคึผึธืœึธื˜ึดื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ึผืคึทืช ื—ึฒืจึตื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื. ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึทืงึผึทืœึผึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึตืจื•ึนืฅ ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืžึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึดื™ื ืขึทื“ ื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœึดื™ื˜ึธื” ืงื•ึนืœึทื˜ึฐืชึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืงึฐืœึธื˜ ื™ึตืฉืึตื‘ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ (ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื ืคึผึธื– ื”) ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ื™ึปืœึผึทื“ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื›ึผึนืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืžึตื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืขึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึดื™ื ึดื™ืงึธื” ื•ึผืงึฐื˜ึทื ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ืขึทื“ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืคึธื ึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึน ืงึฐืฉืื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื”ึผ".


ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ



ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื”



ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ. ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”' ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืจืช ืืฉื•ืจ, ื•ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื. ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื” ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”', ื ื–ืจืง ืœืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื™ื, ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื–ื”.


ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื "ืขื•ึนื“ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื ึถื”ึฐืคึธึผื›ึถืช". ืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”' ืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื. "ืงึ ื•ึผื ืœึตึงืšึฐ ืึถืœึพื ึดึฝื™ื ึฐื•ึตึ›ื” ื”ึธืขึดึฅื™ืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธึ–ื” ื•ึผืงึฐืจึธึฃื ืขึธืœึถึ‘ื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืขึธืœึฐืชึธึฅื” ืจึธืขึธืชึธึ–ื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธึฝื™" (ื™ื•ื ื” ื). ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”'. ื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื, ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื•ืจ ืชื™ื”ืคืš.


ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ื•"ื•ึทื™ึทึผืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื‘ึตึผืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืฆื•ึนื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืœึฐื‘ึฐึผืฉืื•ึผ ืฉึทื‚ืงึดึผื™ื ืžึดื’ึฐึผื“ื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืงึฐื˜ึทื ึธึผื. ื•ึทื™ึดึผื’ึทึผืข ื”ึทื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ืึถืœ ืžึถืœึถืš ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ื•ึทื™ึธึผืงึธื ืžึดื›ึดึผืกึฐืื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒื‘ึตืจ ืึทื“ึทึผืจึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึทืก ืฉึทื‚ืง ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึตืคึถืจ. ื•ึทื™ึทึผื–ึฐืขึตืง ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื” ืžึดื˜ึทึผืขึทื ื”ึทืžึถึผืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื’ึฐื“ึนืœึธื™ื• ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืงึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ ืึทืœ ื™ึดื˜ึฐืขึฒืžื•ึผ ืžึฐืื•ึผืžึธื” ืึทืœ ื™ึดืจึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทื™ึดื ืึทืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐืืชึผื•ึผ. ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐื›ึทึผืกึผื•ึผ ืฉึทื‚ืงึดึผื™ื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื—ึธื–ึฐืงึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึปืื‘ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดื“ึทึผืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึถื—ึธืžึธืก ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื›ึทืคึตึผื™ื”ึถื" ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื”. "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื—ึถื ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื“ึดึผื‘ึถึผืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื”".


ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืฉื”



ื’ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื•ืœื— ื”' ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”. ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื•ืœื— ื”' ืืช ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื—ืกื›ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘, ื”ืฆืขืจ ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื•ืงืง ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื ื”. "ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึถืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ืงึทื— ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื‘ึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื—ึทืงึผื•ึนืชึธ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืขึดื™ืจ ืึถืช ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉึธืืœึธโ€ึดื", ืฉื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื—ื•ืœ, "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืžึธืฆื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ึธื ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื“ึธึผื™ึตืง ื•ึฐืฉึธืืคึทื›ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืกึนืœึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืžึทื—ึฒื ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฉึดื‚ื™ื ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื›ึธึผืจึดื™ื ืกึธื‘ึดื™ื‘", ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื: ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ 390 ื™ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื˜ืื•, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 40 ื™ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ืขื‘ื“ื• ืข"ื– ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. "ื•ึฐืฉึธืื›ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึทืœ ืฆึดื“ึฐึผืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึฐืžึธื ึดื™ ืฉึตืื ึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื ึธืฉึธื‚ืืชึธ ืึถืช ืขึฒื•โ€ึนืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื ึฐืชึทืชึดึผื™ื• ืœึธืšึฐ".


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœื ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื–ื”. ื”' ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื–ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื’ืœื• ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. "ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึตื”ึธืคึตืšึฐ ืžึดืฆึดึผื“ึฐึผืšึธ ืึถืœ ืฆึดื“ึถึผืšึธ ืขึทื“ ื›ึทึผืœึผื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึฐืฆื•ึผืจึถืšึธ". ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช "ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืงึทื— ืœึฐืšึธ ื—ึดื˜ึดึผื™ืŸ ื•ึผืฉึฐื‚ืขึนืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืคื•ึนืœ ื•ึทืขึฒื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึฐื“ึนื—ึทืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึปืกึฐึผืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐืœึดื™ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืœึธื—ึถื", ื•ื’ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจื” "ื•ึผืžึทื™ึดื ื‘ึดึผืžึฐืฉื‚ื•ึผืจึธื” ืชึดืฉึฐืืชึถึผื” ืฉึดืืฉึดึผืื™ืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตืขึตืช ืขึทื“ ืขึตืช ืชึดึผืฉึฐืืชึถึผื”. ื•ึฐืขึปื’ึทืช ืฉึฐื‚ืขึนืจึดื™ื ืชึนึผืื›ึฒืœึถื ึธึผื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื’ึถืœึฐืœึตื™ ืฆึตืึทืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืชึฐึผืขึปื’ึถื ึธื” ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื". ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื” ืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืชื—ืกื•ืš ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื ืฉื™ ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ื, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช.


ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื



ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช



ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ "ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื". ื›ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืžืœืš ืžืœื™ื–'ื ืกืง ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ืืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื”ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืงืจื ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืฉ "ืฆืขื˜ื™ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ", ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคืชืงื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืงืŸ. ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื“ื ื ื•ืฆืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืืžืฅ.


"ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืจึทืง ืœึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื™ึฐื–ึธืจึตื– ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐืชึทืงึผึตืŸ ืžึดื“ึผื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื ึทืช ื™"ื— ื“ึผึทื•ึฐืงึธื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึฒื‘ึธืึตืจ. ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื ึผื•ึนืœึทื“ ื‘ึผึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข ืฉืึถืœ ืขึทืงึฐืฉืึธื ื•ึผืช, ื™ึดืฉึผืึธื‘ึตืจ ืึถืช ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืขื•ึน ืž' ื™ื•ึนื ืจึฐืฆื•ึผืคึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื“ึผึทื•ึฐืงึธื ืœึฐื”ึตืคึถืšึฐ ืžึดืžึผึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผื•ึน. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ืขึธืฆึตืœ, ื™ึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืž' ื™ื•ึนื ืจึฐืฆื•ึผืคึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึนืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืจึดื™ื–ื•ึผืช, ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืœึดืฉืึฐื›ึผื•ึนื‘ ืขึทืœ ืžึดื˜ึผึธืชื•ึน, ื”ึตืŸ ืœึธืงื•ึผื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ืžึดืžึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึน, ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืจึดื™ื–ื•ึผืช ืœึฐื‘ึดื™ืฉืึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึดื™ืœึทืช ื™ึธื“ึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืœึฐื ึทืงึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื’ึผื•ึผืคื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึตื™ืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืจึดื™ื–ื•ึผืช ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ืชึผึตื›ึถืฃ ืึทื—ึทืจ ืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืžึตื”ึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ.


ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื˜ึผึธื‘ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึฐืฉืึธืŸ ืžึตื”ึทื—ึตืœึถืง ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผื•ึผืฉืึธื” ืจึธืขึธื”, ื™ึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืž' ื™ื•ึนื ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ื“ึผึทื•ึฐืงึธื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืจึธื ื•ึธื›ึนื—ึท ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผืขึทืช ืึฒื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•, ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ื›ึผึนืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึนืืžึทืจึฐื ึธื”, ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืจึธื, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฐื–ึฐืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึธืกึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึผืฉืึธื” ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ.


ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืึดืžึฐืจึตื™ ืคึผึดื™ื• ืึตื™ื ึธื ืขื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื™ึธืคึถื” ื•ึผืžึฐืกึปื“ึผึธืจ ืžึตื—ึฒืžึทืช ื”ึธืจึถื’ึถืœ ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืขื•ึน ื•ึผื›ึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ื™ึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืž' ื™ื•ึนื ืœึฐื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนืช ืึธื–ึฐื ื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึทื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ืžึตืึตืœึธื™ื•, ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืœึผึตื™ ื“ึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ื•ึฐื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืœึผึตื™ ื“ึดืฉืึฐืžึทื™ึผึธื ื”ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึถืจึฐื’ึผึตืœ ืฉืึถืœ ื›ึผึนืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืฉืึดืœึฐื˜ื•ึนืŸ.


ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื˜ึผึดื‘ึฐืขื•ึน ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึดืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ื•ึน, ื™ึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืœ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืž' ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื™ึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึตื”ึถืจึฐื’ึผึตืœ ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืคึผึทืขึทื ืงึนื“ึถื ื”ึทืœึผึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื‘ึผึดืฆึฐืขึธื˜ึดื™ืœ ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™, ื•ึผืžึดืฉึผืึธื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืœึธืšึฐ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื™ึทืขึฐื–ึฐืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืžื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืจึทืช ืžึดื“ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืขึทื“ ืชึผึปืžึผึธื".


ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ



ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืชืงืกื— ื“) "ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื ืœืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื". ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื›ืชื‘: "ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืž' ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื".


ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ



ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื›ื™ ืžื•"ืจ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื ื•ืžืชืขื ื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื ืœืžืขืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฉื ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ื—ื™ ืจื™ืงื™ ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืื ื™ืฉื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ" (ืžืกื›ืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืคืจืง ื‘). 


ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”



ืขืœ ืžืขืœืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึธืจ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื”, ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืžึฐื˜ึทื™ึผึตืœ ื•ึฐืกึธืœึตื™ืง ืžึดืŸ ื˜ึฐื‘ึถืจึฐื™ึธื ืœึฐืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจึดื™ ื•ึทื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึฐืžึดื™ืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืชึฐืคึผึตื”ึผ ื“ึผึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื ื‘ึผึทืจ ืึทื‘ึผึธื. ืžึธื˜ื•ึผืŸ ื—ึทื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื—ึฒืงึทืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื“ึผึดื™ื“ึดื™ ื•ึผื–ึฐื‘ึทื ึฐืชึผึตื”ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึทืขึฐื™ึธื ืœึธืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจึธื™ึฐืชึธื ืžึธื˜ื•ึผืŸ ื—ึทื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื–ึตื™ืชึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื–ึตื™ืชึธื ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื“ึผึดื™ื“ึดื™ ื•ึผื–ึฐื‘ึทื ึฐืชึผึตื”ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึทืขึฐื™ึธื ืœึธืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจึธื™ึฐืชึธื. ืžึดื˜ึผื•ึนืŸ ื—ึทื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื›ึผึถืจึถื ืึธืžึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื›ึผึถืจึถื ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื“ึผึดื™ื“ึดื™ ื•ึผื–ึฐื‘ึทื ึฐืชึผึตื”ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึทืขึฐื™ึธื ืœึธืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจึธื™ึฐืชึธื. ืฉืึธืจึฐื™ึธื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื ื‘ึผึทืจ ืึทื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื™. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืœึธืžึผึธื” ืึทืชึผึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื™. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืึฒื ึธื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื™ ื“ึผึฐืœึธื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืงึผึดื™ืช ืœึฐืกึตื™ื‘ื•ึผืชึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผื".


ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืขืœื” ืžื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœื• ืœืœื›ืช. ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื“ ืฉื“ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืฉื“ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ื” ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื“ ืžื˜ืข ื–ื™ืชื™ื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืžื˜ืข ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ื• ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื“ ื›ืจื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื›ืจื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ื• ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื–ื‘ื• ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช. ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื›ื”? ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืืจืช ืœื–ืงื ื•ืชืš ื›ืœื•ื.


"ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ: ื—ึทื™ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™  ืงึทืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึถืžึผึธื›ึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึผึทืŸ ืœึฐืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึฐืงึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึผึทืŸ ืœึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื”?! ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืœึนื ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ืึถืœึผึธื ืœึฐืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ 'ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึตืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื“' ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ' ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื ึธืชึฐื ึธื” ืœึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึธื“ึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ 'ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉืึธื ืขึดื ื”' ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื”'.


ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื“ึผึฐืžึทืšึฐ (ื›ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ) ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึน ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืขึธืœึธื™ื• 'ืึดื ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึธืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืฉืึถืึธื”ึทื‘ ืจ' ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึผื– ื™ึธื‘ื•ึผื–ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน" (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื). ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืื”ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.


 


ืกื™ืคื•ืจ



ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘



ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืŸ 15, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืขื•ื“. ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื• ืœื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื•ืจื™ื™ ื—ืฉืฉื• ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืขื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.


ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื• ืฉื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืฉืขืžื ืื•ืชื™. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืฉืขืžืžืช ืื•ืชืš? ืชืžื” ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื›ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•, ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืชืงืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื” ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.


ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื‘ื•ืš ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืจื‘ ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™. ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘: ืžื” ื“ืขืชืš ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื—ื“? ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืฉืœื™?


ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืขืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืชืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™. ื•ื›ืš ืงื‘ืขื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ื—ื“ ื’ืžืจื.


ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืชืง, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ืืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื™. ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืœืื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช.


ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืจื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื™ืชื• ื”ืจืื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื‘, ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื.


ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื” ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.


 


 


 


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”



ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœื›ืชื™. ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ื™, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื‘ืš, ืื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื ื’ื™ืขื”?


 ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืคื” ืฉืืช ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื ื’ื™ืขื”. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื“. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื‘ื“ - ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื ืš ืฉืœื ื•.


 


 


ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืœืœืžื•ื“. ืื ื™ ืื‘ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืงื•ื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช  ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชื•ืฉืคืข ืžื›ืš?


ืœืงื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื’ื ืื ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืงืคื) ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ "ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœืœืžื•ื“. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืื” ืœืงืฆืช ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืžืกื“ืจื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื’ื™ืจืกื ืจืง ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื".


ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื (ื "ื–): "ืืœ ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื—ื›ื ืื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื”ืžื” ื•ืื ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืจืชื™ ืืขืžื•ื“ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™, ื›ื™ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื. ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขืชื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืฆื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคืœื” ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืชืคืœื” ืœื—ื•ื“, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™"ืช ืขืœ ืขื ื”' ื•ื ื—ืœืชื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืชืคืœืชื ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ.


ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจื›"ื), ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื–"ืœ, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื (ืคืจืง ืงืžื ื“ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช), ืื•ืชื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืชืžื˜ื™ื ืžืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื•ืชื ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขืžื”ื - ืœื ื™ืคื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ืžื™ ืœื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืžืกืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืœื• ืžืฆืจืชื•. ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื ื‘ื ืฅ ื”ื—ืžื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืงื ืœืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืื ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืจื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืจืื”, ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“.


 


 

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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