ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
  • ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื’
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื—ื’ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืœืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ (ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ) ืฉื“ืื’ ื”' ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื›ืจ ื“ื•ืงื ืœื ืก ื”ื–ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื• ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ืก ื”ืžืŸ ืื• ื ืก ื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื‘ื ืก, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืก ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื” ื–ื›ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื. ื›ืžื•: "ื•ึฐืกึปื›ึผึธื” ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืฆึตืœ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ืžึตื—ึนืจึถื‘ ื•ึผืœึฐืžึทื—ึฐืกึถื” ื•ึผืœึฐืžึดืกึฐืชึผื•ึนืจ ืžึดื–ึผึถืจึถื ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึธื˜ึธืจ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื“', ื•'); ื•ืืฃ ืฉืฉื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื•' ืข"ื‘) ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืžืฉื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช. ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื” (ืคืจืง ื™"ื“, ื˜"ื–-ื™"ื˜) ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
"ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื ื•ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึผึตื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึน-ืช ื•ึฐืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืžึตืึตืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึน-ืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึธืฉืึถื. ื•ึฐืึดื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื—ึทืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึธืึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทื’ึผึตืคึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื’ึผึนืฃ ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช. ื–ึนืืช ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช".
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคืœื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ืงื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื—ื’ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ืชื• 1 ?
ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ื ื•ืขื“ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื•ืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช: ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืžื•ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื "ื” ืข"ื‘) ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ ื”ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช). ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช.
ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื›ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื–ืืช ืžื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืชืฉื‘ื•" ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืชื“ื•ืจื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืฆืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื˜ืขื.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื ืจืื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

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ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื”
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ืขืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื›ื›ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื”. ื›ืื“ื ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื’ื’ ืืช ื”ื’ืขืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืฉืืฃ. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืžื ื•ื—ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื•ื™ืขื“ ืื—ืจ. ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงืจื‘ืช ื”', ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ืžืกื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคืกื’ื”, ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉื. ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ืขื”, ืืš ื”ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืชืžื“ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืœื” 2 .
ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื. ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”, ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•-ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืชืŸ ื•ื›ืœื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“. ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืคืกืงื” ืžืื– ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืชื’ืœื” ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืจืืช-ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื• ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืื–.
ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื’ื’ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช, ืœืคื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืชืฉื‘ื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืชื“ื•ืจื•
ื”ืกื•ื›ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื•, ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”' ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“. ื”ื›ืœื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชืŸ. ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžืช ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ืจื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื›ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื“ื ื• ืžืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘-ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื’ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ "ืชืฉื‘ื•" ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”', ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉ-ื”' ืžืฆื™ืข, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ื–ื•ื›ืš, ื•ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘-ื”'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘-ื”' ืื– ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ืคืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื™. ืืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื•, ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื, ื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื ื• ืื ื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืืš ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื™ืคื˜ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื”; ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืขืช, ืื“ื ืœื ืคืขื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœื•, ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืขืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ืคืจืข ืžืฆืขืจ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ, ืืš ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื ื• ืื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”', ืืš ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื›ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืขืช ืœื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ืคืกืงืช ื›ืœืœ.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆืขืจ ื•ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื˜ื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืื ื—ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”', ืืš ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื•ืžืคืจื™ืข. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘-ื”'. ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ืžื”ื•ื” ื—ื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื 3 . ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ื–ืงืง ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืž-ื”' ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื“ืจื›ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืžืขื˜ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื, ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื”.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื™ื
ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”', ืงืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฆื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ืงืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื‘ื˜ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ืœืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื. ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
ื•ื”ื ื”, ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื•ืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื’ื ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกื›ืช ืข"ื– (ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง):
"ื“ืจืฉ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื ื•ืื™ืชื™ืžื ืจ' ืฉืžืœืื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืงื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ื” ื™ื‘ื ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื™ื“ ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื... ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ื ื›ืคื™ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœื ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ... ืืžืจื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื ืขืฉื ื” ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื˜ืจื— ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื˜ืจื— ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืืœื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉืžื” ืœื›ื• ื•ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื”... ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื’ื’ื• ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืชืžื•ื– ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืกื•ื›ืชื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื ื ืชืงื” ืืช ืžื•ืกืจื•ืชื™ืžื• ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื›ื” ืžืžื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืชื™ืžื•... ื•ื”ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”ื™ ื“ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื˜ื™ ืžื™ ืžื‘ืขื˜ื™" 4 .
ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ื›ืคื” ื”' ื”ืจ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช? ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื. ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”', ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื•ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื”. ื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืœืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื ื”ื•ื ืœ-ื”' ื•ืœื ืœืืจืฆื™ื•ืช. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื. ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžืœื ืžืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘-ื”'. ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืชื“ื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืœืžื”. ืืš ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื ื›ื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžื˜. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืืš ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ื“ืขืช. ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืจืง ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื• ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ืœื–ืœ โ€“ ืื™ื ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืžื‘ืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”. ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืืœื”. ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื ื™ื, ืืš ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช.

ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืœืคืจืฉืช ืืžื•ืจ (ืคืจืฉื” ืœ'). ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื™ ื™ื ืฆื— โ€“ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—. ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืคื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื ืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ. ืืš ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ืจื›ื, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื. ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืขืฉื• โ€“ "ืขืœ ื—ืจื‘ืš ืชื—ื™ื”". ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื•. ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื ืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื, ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืงื ืื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืืกืคื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’, ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื—ื’ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืžืจืืฉ: ื”' ื™ื’ื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื™ืžื•ืชื•. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื—ื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืื– ื”ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”. ืื ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘-ื”' ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืœื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ืœื ืžื”ืคื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ืืœื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’.

ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช
ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“. ืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืžื•ืงืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื™ืชืžืขื˜ื• ื•ื™ืœื›ื•. ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื, ืฉืื– ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช. ืจืง ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืจืง ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืฉืชืชื’ืœื” ืื–.
ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื "ื” ืข"ื‘):
"ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช ืคืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืžื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื• ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื”ื ื” ืžืžืš".
ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื’ื ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืชื ืœื—ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”' ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื”. ื’ื ื”ื ื ืชื‘ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ืฉืœื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื”. ื ื’ืžืจื” ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืื• ืœื, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื–ื”ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืืจื ื•, ื—ื’ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืืš ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื™ืชืจ, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื ื™ืกื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง. ืืš ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืื™ืคื”, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื”.
ื‘ื—ื’ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื–ื”ื• ื—ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ืž"ื— ืข"ื‘), ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื–. ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื ืžืชืจื•ืžืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืงืจื‘ื” ืœ-ื”'.

ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื˜ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืืช ื”ืจื‘
^ 1.ืืžื ื ื’ื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ. ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืจืง ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉืืจ, ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ื ื’ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ"ื“ ืข"ื‘) ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืืœื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืืš ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืื–.
^ 2.ื™ืฉ ืœืกื™ื™ื’ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก"ื“ ืข"ื‘), ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืชืชืงื“ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-ื”'. ืืš ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืงืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื•ื’ื ืื ื‘ื• ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืข.
^ 3.ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
^ 4.ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื ืžื“ื™, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืขื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”.
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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื˜

ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจ 'ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”'
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    ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ

    ืคืกืงืช ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ

    ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื’
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    ื™"ื‘ ืื“ืจ ื‘' ื”ืชืฉืข"ื“
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    ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื“
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    ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช

    ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื“
ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื’
ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื’
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
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     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
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  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

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    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined

    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il