ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
undefined
1877
10 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืชืžืจ ื‘ืช ืจ' ืืฉืจ ื–"ืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”
ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึตื ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืœึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ืœึดืคึฐื ื•ึนืช ืขึธืจึถื‘ [ื›ื“ ืกื’].

"'ืฉื™ื—ื”' โ€“ ืชื™ืงืจื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื• 'ืฉื™ื—ื™ื', ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคืจื—ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ืžืกืชืขืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืข"ื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘. ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืช ืžื ื—ืช ืขืจื‘, ืฉื”ืื“ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื• ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื”, ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืœื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื™ืจืืชื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืคืจื™ ืชื ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืคืืจื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™ืœืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื™ื" [ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, 'ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื”' (ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก) ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—"ื ืขืž' 109].

ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืื” ืืช ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ืจืฉื˜ื ืงื•ืจืŸ ื–"ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื‘ ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”:
"ื›ืžื” ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ื›ืžื” ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืกื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืงืœืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ, ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืชื•ืืจ ืคื ื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื" ['ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง', ืขืž' ืขื‘].
ื•ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ื—ืจืœ"ืค:
"ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืื—ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื•, ืฉืœื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืžื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืคืจื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืœืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื”ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ืคืœื™ืื•ื ื™ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ืจื”ื‘ืชื™ ืขื•ื– ื‘ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœืคืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”: ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชืœื”ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืขืจืช ืฆืžืื•ืŸ ืœืืœ ื—ื™, ืขื“ ืฉื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ืงื•ื“ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ['ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”' ืขืž' 19].

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง [ื›ื” ื”].

"... ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืื” ืฉืขืจื™ื ื“ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืฉืื•ืžื“ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ืืš ืขื‘ืจ ืื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ "ืืœ ืชืจื‘ื” ืœืขืฉืจ ืื•ืžื“ื•ืช". ื•ื ืจืื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืžืขื˜ ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื™ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืจื‘ื” ื”ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉืจื•ืชื™ื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื [ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื .].
ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ [...] ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื“ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื”ืฉืขืจืชื• ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื [ืขื™' ื™ื•ืžื ื›"ื— ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ "ืฆืœื•ืชื™ื” ื“ืื‘ืจื”ื"], ื•ืžืกืชืžื ืžืกืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื—ืง, ื•ื›ืžืฉ"ื›: ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื—ืง", ื•ื–ื” ืงืื™ ื’"ื› ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืคืœื’ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ [ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื.] ืฉื ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืžืกืจ ืœื”ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’"ื› ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื, ื•ืง"ื• ืฉืžืกืจ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื"ื› ื’ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื’"ื› ืžืกืจ ืœื•, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžื“ ืฉืœื• ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื".
[ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœืกืคืจ 'ืคืจื“ืก ื™ื•ืกืฃ' ืขื”"ืช (ื‘ืขื•ื”"ืจ ื”ื•ืฉืžื˜ื” ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื "ื’). ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”' ืขืž' 74].

ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”
ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื•ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืžื•ื™ืœื ื (ื–')
ืคืจืง ื–': ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื–"ืœ, ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื ืคืขื ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืืœื• ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืจื ื“' ืข"ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• 'ืื“ืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื•' ืขื”"ืช, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช:
"ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืœืื•ืช ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืืชื™ื™ื [...]. ื”ื›ืช ื”ื‘', ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืชื• ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื—ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ืœื ืฆื“ืง [...]. ื”ื›ืช ื”ื’', ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืข ื•ืžืจืื” ื›ืฉืจื•ืชื• ื•ืžืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” [...], ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื˜ืจื ื“ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจืžื™ [...]. ื•ื”ื›ืช ื”ื“' ื”ื ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœืฆื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ื• ืœื”ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ืœื• ื‘ื”ื‘ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”ื [...] ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคืœื•ืช.
ื•ื”ื›ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžื—ืจื—ืจื™ื ืจื™ื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื›ื™ืœ [...]. ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืื”. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžื“ ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžื“ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื, ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžื“ ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืžืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ื ืืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืื” ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื" [ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื 'ืื“ืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื•' ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ' ื›ืจืš ื“' ืขืžื•ื“ ื˜ื• ื•ืื™ืœืš].
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื: "ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื, ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘,ื•ื ืงืจืื™ื ืขืžืœืงื™ื" ['ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื”' ื™ื ื—].
ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื˜ืขื‘ื™ืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ื ื—ืœืช ื“ื•ื“':
"ื”ืขื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืžืชื ืืฆื•ืœื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื™ื ื•ื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื 'ื—ืœืง ืืœื•ื” ืžืžืขืœ', ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื [...]. ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื•, ื•ืœื–ืืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื™ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ['ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“' ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•. ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘'ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™"ื”' ื‘ ืชืกื—].
ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื—ื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืœื• ืฉืื™ื™ืžื• ืœืคื•ืจืจื”. ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืœื ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช: "ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื™ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื•ื, ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”' ื•ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืš" ['ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”' ื—"ื’ ืขืž' 152].
ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื [ืขื™ื™ืŸ 'ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”' ื—"ื’ ืขืž' 157]. ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš:
"ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจื•ื“ืคื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ื•ื ืคืฉื™, ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื" ['ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”' ื—"ื ืขืž' ืกื‘]. "ื•ื‘"ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืช ื”ืขื ืคื™ื" [ืฉื ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืงืกื].
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžืืจื™ืš ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช:
"ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืจื‘ื• ืคืจื™ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื”ืคืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื“ื’ืœ ืฉื ื“' ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื—ืฉ ืขื ืคื•ืจืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื, ืื• ืฉืžื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื–ื• ื‘ืื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื’ืžืจื” ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžืฆื“ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื”ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช.
ืืœื” ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืฉืชื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืืœ ืฉืœืžื”. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ "ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื—ืจื‘" ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื›ืžืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืžืขืœื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืงืจ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื’ื–ื•ืจื•, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžืจืžืจื” ืžื‘ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื ืืช ืืžื™ืชืช ื”ื˜ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง "ื’ื ืœื™ ื’ื ืœืš ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื’ื–ื•ืจื•". ื•ื”ืื ื”ืจื—ืžื ื™ื”, ืื ื”ืืžืช, ืื•ืžืจืช "ืชื ื• ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืžืช ืืœ ืชืžื™ืชื•ื”ื•". ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ื—ืช, "ืชื ื• ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื“ ื”ื—ื™, ื”ื™ื ืืžื•".
ืื™ืŸ ืงืฅ ืœืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืœื—ืœืงื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืœื‘ ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœื ืืคืฉืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื”. ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืฉื”ื ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ืชืชืงื™ื™ื, "ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืจืช ืขืฅ ื•ืื‘ืŸ, ืื ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ืืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื›ื". ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื“ืื™ื‘ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืœื ื‘ืื” ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” [...].
ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื” ื—ื•ืชืจื™ื ืชื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ืขืžืœืง ืฉื–ื™ื ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ื—ืฉืœื™ื, ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื ืŸ. ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืžื™ื• ื—ื™ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ืชื•" ['ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื', ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘' ืคืกืงื” ืจืคื’].

ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื˜ืจื’ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื. ื•ื›ืš ืžืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื”ืื ื’ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืžื— ื‘ื—ืœืงื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื•, ืขื ื”: "ื•ื“ืื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ: ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื“' ืขืžื•" ['ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื”' ืขืž' ื›ื]. ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื‘"ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘", ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื [ืขื™ื™ืŸ 'ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื”' ืงืžื–].
ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื˜ืจื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื ืžื ืข ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืžืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื“' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื ืžืงื˜ืจื’ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื•, ืืฃ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื" [ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ื ื“ืฃ ื ื–:]. ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืงื ืื•ืชื ื”ื‘ื•ืกืจื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื ื•ืจื ื–ื”, ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื ืฉื ื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืกืžื™ืš ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื•: "ื•ืืช ืขืฉื• ืฉื ืืชื™" [ืžืœืื›ื™ ื ื’]. ื”ืฉื ืื” ืœืžืงื˜ืจื’ื™ื ื ืคื’ืฉืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ืื” ืœืขืฉื™ื•!
ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืงื ืื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืœืžืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื ืื™ื: "ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”" [ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘'ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื”' ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืž' 242].
ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ:
"... ื“ื‘ืจ ื“' ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™: "ื”ืœื ืื— ืขืฉื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘", ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื›ืœ ืชืื ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืชืื•ื ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ ืืžื ื”, ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”: "ื‘ืžื” ืื”ื‘ืชื ื•" [ืžืœืื›ื™ ืฉื]. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ืื”ื‘ืชื ื• ื“' ืืœื”ื™ื ื• [...] ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืš ื•ืชืœืžื“ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ื™ื™ื [...]" [ืฉื, ืคืกืงื” ืจืคื“, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ].

ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“
ืžื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื’ืกืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื”? ื”ื’ืจื™"ืž ื—ืจืœ"ืค ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจ ืข"ืค ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื’ืข ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื™ื "ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ", ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘:
"ื•ื™ื“ ื“' ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื‘ืชื ืœืืจืฆื ื•ื ื—ืœืชื ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ืขืคืจื” ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืชื’ืขื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉื [...] โ€“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืื™ืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ "ื”ื ื” ืื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืœื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”' ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื‘ ืื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื", ืœืžืขืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ื•ืœื ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืคื’ืžื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.
ื•ืืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœืœื™ื ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืื™ืจ, ื•ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื– ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืืช ืขื ืงื•ื“ืฉื• ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื•, ื ืคืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื ืชื—ืœืงื• ืื– ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉืชื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืจื‘ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื’ืขื• ื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• ืขื ืขื•ืœืžื• ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื•ืžื–ื™ื•ื•ื™ื”, ื•ื ืกืชื‘ื‘ ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื– ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”.
ื•ืื– ื™ื“ ื”' ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื•ืฉืฉืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืžื—ืžืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื‘"ื, ืฉืžืคื ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื” ื“ืจืš ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื—ืกืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืชื•ื”ื•.
ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื— ื•ืœื ืฉืงื˜ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื–ื™"ืข ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืื– ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื "ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ", 'ื‘ืืจืฅ' โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ [ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘'ืกื“ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื'], ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืœืฉ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• "ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžืš ืื—ื“" ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืืœ ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืœื.
ืœืฉื ื–ื” ื–ื™ืจื– ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื ืกื™ืขืชื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” "ื”ื ื” ืื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืœื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”' ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื ืื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื" ['ืืžืจื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช' ืขืž' ืงืกื“, 'ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ' ืขืž' ื˜ โ€“ ื™ื’].
ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืฆืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”'ื–ื•ื”ืจ': "ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื›ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ" โ€“ ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“, ืขื™ืžื” ืืงืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื”ื•" [ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื’ ืืžื•ืจ ืฆื’ ื‘] โ€“ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•, ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืื—ื“.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื‘ื•ื ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืžื”
ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืงืœืžืŸ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ:
"ืจื‘ื ื• ื–"ืœ (ื”ืจืื™"ื”) ืืฉืจ ืกื‘ืœ ืžืื“ ืžื—ื•ื’ ื”ืงื ืื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจื“ืคื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื™ื‘ืชื• ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืงื ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื"ื™, ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ืคืขื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื"ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ ืื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ื"ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื"ื™ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื–ืจื™ื ื•ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื–ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื"ื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ื ื ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืื“ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื‘ื•ื ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืคืกืง ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื‘ื™ื ืืชื• ื’ื ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืžื” [ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœ'ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืจืื™"ื”' ืขืž' 6].
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืข"ื™ ืงื ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื•ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื”. ืฆืขื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ืžื”ื‘ื™"ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคืกื— ืคืจืื ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉื”ืชืžื ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืกืœื ื˜ ื–ืฆ"ืœ. ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ื‘ื“"ืฅ ืžืชื—ืจื” ืžืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ื— ื–ื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ 'ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื'. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืจืื™"ื” ื›ืจื‘ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื [ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืื’ืจื•ืช ืœืจืื™"ื”' ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช'].
ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืื–, ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคืกื— ืคืจืื ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“"ืฅ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื•ืžื—ื•ืชื ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ [ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžืœื›ื™ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื“' ืขืž' 38 ืขื™ื™"ืฉ].
ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจืฆ"ืค ืคืจื ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ืชื ื•:
"ื”ื ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื”ืจื"ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืคื” ืœืจื‘ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื”ืœืช ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื“ืคื”, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืขื™ื ื ืฆืจื” ื‘ืื—ื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื’ื“ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืขื”"ืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื” ืขืฉื• ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ื ืชืœืงื˜ื• ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื”ื... ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืœืืœืคื™ื ื•ืœืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืขืจื™ืงื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื [...] ื•ืจืง ื–ื” ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืžื• ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ืคืฅ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืœื•ืื”, ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื™ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืื—ื•ื–ืช ืžืจืขื™ื• ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ืคื•ื—ื–ื™ื... ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื—ืชื™ืžืชื ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ืžืชื ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืœื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ื•ืœื ืœืื ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืงื ืื™ื ื”ืžื” ืงื ืืช ื”' ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžืช ื“ืจื›ื, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืคืœืกืชืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ [...]".
ืขืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฆ"ืค, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื–ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื—ืœื” ื’ืœื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื•ื”ืจืื™"ื”:
"ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ืช"ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื•, ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืžื›ืื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• (ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื) ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ืื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืช"ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื—ืœื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื“ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืื—ื™ื ื• ืืฉืจ ื’ืœื• ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื "ืœ ืžืื– ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืจืขื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื—ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืขื–ื™ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื“ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื [...]. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจืง ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืช"ื—, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื–ื” ืื—ืช ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžื ื”ืžืช ืฉื ื›ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช "ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื’ืœื• ืžืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื”ื".
ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืื™"ื”:
"ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืฆืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ. ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชืœืš ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื‘ื” ื•ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฆืžื— ื“' ื™ืขืœื” ืœืื”ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืืžื ื” ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช" ['ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”' ืื’ืจืช ืชืชืงืกื•].
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”
ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il