ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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2 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืžืขืฉื” ืœืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘
ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ: ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 586 ืœืคื ื”"ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 70 ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก (ืฉืžื•ื ื” 9 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืงื™ืกืจ ืจื•ืžื). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1492.
ืฆื•ื ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฆื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™. ื–ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ: ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื–, ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื•ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช. ืขืœ ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื”: "ื›ึนึผื”-ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช, ืฆื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ (ื™"ื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื–) ื•ึฐืฆื•ึนื ื”ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉึดืื™ (ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘) ื•ึฐืฆื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ (ืฆื•ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื”) ื•ึฐืฆื•ึนื ื”ึธืขึฒืฉึดื‚ื™ืจึดื™ (ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช) ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช-ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉึธื‚ืฉื‚ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื”, ื•ึผืœึฐืžึนืขึฒื“ึดื™ื, ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื". (ื–ื›ืจื™ื”, ื—, ื™ื—-ื™ื˜)
ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื—ืœื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื: ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ืœืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฅ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื”, ืœืกื•ืš ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืœื ืขื•ืœ "ืกื ื“ืœ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจ. ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื–ืจืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ืœื ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื›ืกืื•ืช ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืฉืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืžื—, ืœืžืขื˜ ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ - ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ื”'ืชืง"ื” - ื˜' ื‘ืื‘ ื”'ืชืงืข"ื”; 1745 - 1815), ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ" ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื”"ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”" . ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืžืœืš ืžืœื™ื–'ื ืกืง, ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-18.
ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื. ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืคืขื ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื ืกืข ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืžืขื–ื™ื‘ื•ื–. ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืืš ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืืฆืœื•. ื”ื™ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืจ' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืžืจ ื“ืจืฉื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™. ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืคืžืœื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืจ' ื‘ืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื•ืœื™ื“ื• ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื ื“ื”ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืžื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื–ืŸ ืงืฉื‘ืช ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืžื™ื - ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืืคืง ื•ืœื ืœืงื•ื ื•ืœืฆืืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื‘ ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืืš ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ - ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื"! ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืจืฉื” ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ? ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืขื ื” ืฉืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื ืžืขื™ื ื™" ืืœื "ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื", ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช "ื”ืฉื•ื•ื", ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืงื ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ืงืฉื‘ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช (306)
ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื”ื•ื˜ืจืจ
23 - ื•ื™ืกืขื• ืžืฆืœืžื ื” ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืคื•ื ืŸ
24 - ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ - ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘
25 - ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช
ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il