ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ - ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
1776
7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจื—ืœ ื‘ืช ื™ืงื•ื˜

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื (ื) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืจืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท... ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื”... ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึดืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐื’ื•ึนืจึธืœึดื™... ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึฐื›ึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผื•ึผื”ึธ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื—ึธืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืฉืึดืœึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึตืฉื: ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึถื’ึถื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืคึตืœึธื”: ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ... ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืœึนื ื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึดื ึฐื™ึธืžึดืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึดื ึฐื™ึธืžึดืŸ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”:"

ื. ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืงื“ื™ื, ืฉ"ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืžื•ื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉ"ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ" ืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ืฉื• ืืช "ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื"? ื•ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื• "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" โ€“ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื?

ื‘. ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ืชืจืฉืœื• ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ืฉื• ืืช "ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ื™ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื". ืืš ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื˜ื•, ืกื’) ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืืฉื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: "ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืœึนื (ื™ื•ื›ืœื•) ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉืึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”". ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™. ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช?
ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืคื ื—ืก ื‘ืŸ ื™ืื™ืจ (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื“ืฉื, ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืž' 486) ื ืืžืจ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช; ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ืืš ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืจื” ืžื•ื›ืจื—ืช; ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื ื•ืชืจื” ืงืฉื”: ืžื“ื•ืข ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• (ืฉืงืจื•ืื™ื "ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื") ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื.
ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื’ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืคืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื (ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืจืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื). ื›ืžื•, ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื’ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื ืคืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื (ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื). ื•ืื ื›ืš, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืขืฉื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืืฉืžืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืžืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”?
ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื•ืจ! ืžื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืœึนื ื™ื•ื›ืœื•" ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื•ื‘ืข ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ - ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™! ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”"ื”ืืฉืžื”" ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• โ€“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”?!

ื’. ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉ"ืึทื—ึทืจ" ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ. ืืš ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™; ื™ื; ื™ื“; ื˜ื•); ื•ื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื - "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข! ื•ืื ื›ืš ืงืฉื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• "ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึปืขึท"?!

ื“ื™ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืจืžื– ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื "ืš ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืชืจื’ื "ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”"; ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, "(ื”ืื ืฉื™ื) ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”". ืื•ืœื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ืจื’ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืขึฒืœึตื” ืึดืชึผึดื™" โ€“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื: "ื•ืืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื—ื•ื”ื™ ืกืง ืขืžื™". ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืกืžื•ืš: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึดื–ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึธื" โ€“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ: "ื•ืกืœื™ืงื• ื“ึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ืžืกืจ ื”' ื™ืช ื›ื ืขื ืื” ื•ืคืจื™ื–ืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื•ืŸ".

ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืชืžื•ืจื” (ื“ืฃ ื˜ื–, ื) ืžืจืžื–ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื:
"ืชื ื, ื”ื•ื ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ืฅ, ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื• - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื—ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•".

ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืจืžื–ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ - ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืฉืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื” ืœืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื; ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื” ืคืจืฉื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขืžืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ื”ืื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืจืžื– ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืชื•ืจื”; ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ - ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืกืžืœื™ืช, ืฉืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื•ืฉื• "ืชืื•ื•ื”" ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื "ื›ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื" - ื•ืœื”ื™ื’ืืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื’ืฉืžื™ืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฆื, ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืฆื—ื• ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื’ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืžื• - ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช; ืืœื ืฉื’ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื "ื‘ืื™ื" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื! ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืงืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื; ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื "ื‘ืขืœื•ืช" ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื”.

ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ 1 , ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื - ื›ืžื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืงืข; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื, ื•"ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ืช" ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื’ื•ื™ื™ื" ื•ื›ืžื• "ืžืชื™ื". ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืงืช. ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข โ€“ ืืš ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ"ืžืช" ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืœืื—ืจ "ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข". ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ.

ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืกืžืœ ื ื’ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”
ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ("ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน"); ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืงื™ืจื• ืืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื•ืืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” 2 , ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื’ื ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืกืžืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”; ื•ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžืกืžืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื ื›ื ืข ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืขื•ืกืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื–ื”ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื!
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” - ืžื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”". ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื˜ื•ืจื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™; ื•ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”"ืžื–ื‘ื—" ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘"ื—ืœืงื•".

ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" - ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืช "ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ"
ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืช "ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ"; ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ืœืช ื’ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืืฆืœื "ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื". ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉ"ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง" ืฉื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื• "ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื" ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ "ื’ึผื•ึนื’" ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ "ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื". ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืžืจืžื–, ืฉ"ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื‘ึถื–ึถืง" ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืืช "ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืจื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช"; ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ืชืœื• ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืžืœ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื "ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ". ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™-ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื; ืืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (=ืขืชื ื™ืืœ) ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ื ืฆื—ื• ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื ืงืฆืฆื• ืืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื• โ€“ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืฉืœืžื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืกืžืœ, ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™. ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ื‘"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืœืš ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื โ€“ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข.

ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™-ื‘ึถื–ึถืง ืœ"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" โ€“ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ"ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืจืง ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" 3 . ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืจื›ื• ืขืชื ื™ืืœ (=ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”) ื•ืื—ื™ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ - ืฉืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขืจื›ื• "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”", ืฉื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“; ืืš ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืชื ื™ืืœ (=ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”), ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื. ื’ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" ื•ื’ืจืฉื• ืžืฉื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, "ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ" ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”; ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืž"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ("ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™") ื™ืฉ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื. 4

ื”ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœ"ืกืคืจ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ"
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืขืจืš ืืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ. ืืš ืกืคืจ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข; ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื‘"ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข" ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชื‘ื• 5 . ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ - ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”; ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ (ื˜ื•, ืกื’): "ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืœึนื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉืึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ื•ึผืกึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”". ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ืคืœื’ืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื”, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืจืžื–, ืฉ"ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - "ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื•" ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”" 6 .
ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืขืœ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ"ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™" โ€“ ื’ื ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž"ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื’ื•ื™ื™ืช"; ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ! (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื 7 ).
ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉ"ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ืื™ื ื ืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื. "ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ (ืฉืžืกืžืœื™ื ืืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”) ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ืฉ"ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ืž"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”".
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘"ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ" ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืกืง ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”.

ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข - ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœ"ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™", ืžืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ืžื™ ืฉื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื ื•, ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื "ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™" ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื.

ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืืœื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจ "ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืžื™ื“ื™ "ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™", ื•ื‘ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืืจื•ื ื” "ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™". ื•ื‘ืขื–ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.


^ 1.ื›ืš ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืืฉืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ (ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 'ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื' ืžืก' 173): "ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื (ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื) ื›ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ - ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช (ืฉื”ื™ื) 'ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•'... ื”ื›ืจืช ื”'ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•' ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’. ืจืžื– ื•ืกืžืœ ืœื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ื’ื•ืืœ ืฆื“ืง...". ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื•ืจืฆืช ื’ื ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”"ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง" (ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ - ืื•ืช ื˜), ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืกืงื ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
^ 2.ื›ืš ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื "ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ืจ".

^ 3.ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืฉืœืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื’) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึฒืจึธื ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืื•ืชื: "ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”'ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึตื ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”' ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืึถืช ื›ึผื•ึผืฉืึทืŸ ืจึดืฉืึฐืขึธืชึทื™ึดื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึฒืจึธื...". ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื: "ื•ืฉืจืช ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ืจื•ื— ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืžืŸ ืงื“ื ื”' ื•ื“ืŸ ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ...". ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืฉื’ื ืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื‘ื•ืื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”' " ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื– - ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ "ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ืจื", ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื: "ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”'" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื˜); "ื•ึทืชึผึดืฆึฐืœึทื— ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”'ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทืกึผึฐืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึทืกึผึทืข ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึดื™" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื“, ื•); "ื•ึทืชึผึดืฆึฐืœึทื— ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ืึทืฉืึฐืงึฐืœื•ึนืŸ" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื“, ื™ื˜); "ื•ึทืชึผึดืฆึฐืœึทื— ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”'ื•ึทืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื™ื ึธื” ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ึนืชึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึทืœ ื–ึฐืจื•ึนืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื›ึผึทืคึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ื" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื˜ื•, ื™ื“); "ื•ึทื™ึฐืกึทืคึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื™ึธื‘ึตื™ืฉื: ื•ึทืชึผึดืฆึฐืœึทื— ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืฉืึธืื•ึผืœ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึน" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื, ื”-ื–). ืื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื›ื•ืฉืŸ - ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ "ืจื•ื— ื ื‘ื•ืื”", ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื‘ื•ืื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
^ 4.ื˜ืขื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืขืชื ื™ืืœ ื›ืœืคื™ "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ", ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื–ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื•ื– (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื, ื›ื‘-ื›ื•), ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ ืžืืžืจ "ืœื•ื– โ€“ ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืžืช".
^ 5.ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืืžืจ"ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ "ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ"; ื•ื‘ืžืืžืจ"ื”ืื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืžืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ "ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ" ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื ื™ืืœ.
^ 6.ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ืงื˜, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืชื•ืจื” - ...ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื•".
^ 7.ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืชืงื•ื ื ืชืœืชื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืขื’, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื—ืกื“ ื“ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจืžื™ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื›ืœ ื—ืกื“ ื“ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจืžื™ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ"; ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ (ืชืงื•ื ื ืฉืชื™ืชืื”, ื“ืฃ ื›ื‘, ื): "ื•ื™ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื... ื“ื›ืœ ื—ืกื“ ื“ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจืžื™ื™ื”ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืŸ".
undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ

ืขื•ืจืš ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.
ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ - ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ - ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • undefined
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined

    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il