ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
  • ื‘ื
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3004
14 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ืขื
ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื‘ื", ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช โ€“ "ืงื“ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ" ื•"ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืืš" โ€“ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ื”: "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžืฉืึถื” ืึถืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐืฆึธืืชึถื ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนื–ึถืง ื™ึธื“ ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื”' ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฅ". ืžืฉื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ "ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึทืชึผึถื ื™ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึธืึธื‘ึดื™ื‘" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’ ื’).
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืฉื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืžืงืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืžืชื ื™ื”ื ื—ื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืขืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื— ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืฆืงื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื” ืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉืžื™ืข ืœื”ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื“ื—ื•ืฃ? ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืจื’ืข ื–ื”!
ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืคืกื—, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ื•ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื™ืฉ ืคื” ื’ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื, "ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืงื™ื“). ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ืงื“ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ". ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื“ื ืื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•.
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ โ€“ ืฉื ื”' ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ
ืื•ืœื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”' ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื•. ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”' ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ: "ื•ืจืื• ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”' ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ืš ื•ื™ืจืื• ืžืžืš". ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจื” ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”. ื‘ืฉืขืช ื–ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•.
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• (710)
ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
155 - ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื”ึธืึนืžึตืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึนื ึตืง - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ืŸืจ
156 - ืงึถืฉึถืืจ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ื”ึถืจึฐืึธื” ืœึฐืขึธื ึธื•
157 - ืœึนื ืชึทื—ึฐืžึนื“ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดืชึฐืึทื•ึผึถื”
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ืขืœ ื™ืชืจื• ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื—ึนืชึตืŸ ืžืฉืึถื” ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืœึฐืžืฉืึถื” ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื”' ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื— ื). ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื). ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื•ืžืขื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€“ "ืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐื’ึผึธื–ื•ึผืŸ ื—ึดื™ืœ ืึธื—ึทื– ื™ืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืคึผึฐืœึธืฉืึถืช" โ€“ ืฉืžืขื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”' ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื ื•. ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ.
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืืœื•, "ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ", ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืืจืฅ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื–). ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ืœื ื ืืžืจื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืฉื•ืช "ืฉืžืข" ื•"ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืฉืžื•ืข" ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืœื“) ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช "ืฉืžืข" ื•"ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข" ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžืฆืื ื– ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ (ื‘ืฉื•"ืช "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘" ืฉืœื• ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื–), ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืจื‘ื ื• ืชื, ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกื“ืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืกืง ื›ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืจ"ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ืคื•ืกืง ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกื“ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.

ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื”

ื”' ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื™ื•
ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืืžืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ: ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœ"ื—) "ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื โ€“ ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ, ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ื•ึฐืชึทื—ึฒืœึดื™ืžึตื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื™ึตื ึดื™" (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื“). ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื ืงืจืืช "ื”' ืขืœื™ื”ื" ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื”' ื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”' ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืžื”. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ โ€“ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš".
ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ 210 ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื ื“ื•ืื‘ืช ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ืช. ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขื“ืŸ ืขื“ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจืคื ืžื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืžื” ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื. ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ ืจื•ื—. "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึดื™ืžึตื™ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื”' ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึธืชึตืช ืœึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ".
ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืขืฉื”"
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ ืข"ื): "ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ โ€“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉื”". ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ [ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื“ืฉ ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึดื›ึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ". ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื™ืืš" ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึฐื›ึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’). ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ืฉืžืข" ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึผืงึฐืฉืึทืจึฐืชึผึธื ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐื˜ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื—), ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข" ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ: "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืขึทืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึฐื›ึถื ื•ึผืงึฐืฉืึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึนืชึธื ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื"]. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืืคื•ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืขืฉื”", ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื ื™ื—ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” (ืคืจืง ื“) ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืขืฉื” ื™ื’). ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ื›ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืืžืจื” ืฉืชืคืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื•ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•. ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ื•ืœื”ืคืš (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ ื).
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืื•ืžืจ: ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื›ืจืชื• ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช" (ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื ืข"ื‘). ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืกืคื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื•.
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืœืฆื™ืฆื™ืช
ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื—) ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื™ืœื”ื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืค"ื“ ื”ื™"ื‘) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื›ืกืฃ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ (ืกื™' ืœ) "ื“ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื“ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ". ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืœื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื‘) ืฉืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื“ื ื’ื ื‘ืœื›ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื. ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“.
ื”ืขื™ืจื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืก"ืง ื˜ื•, ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืก"ืง ืœื–) ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉืœื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืงื ื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ื›ืš ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ("ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื”), ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื•ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืคื•ืกืง ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื›ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” (ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืก"ืง ื‘) "ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ืœื™ืช ื ืื” ื“ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”".
ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช
ืฉื•"ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื
ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืจื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื”ืื ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืื• ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ืขื ื• ืœื• "ื•ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ืืงื™ื ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืœืคืกื™ โ€“ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ. ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื• (ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘').
ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื™ืืžืจื• "ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื", ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื” ื ืฉืืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืก' (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืœื•. ื“"ื” ืœื ืกื—) ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ) ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ. ื•ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ "ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ" ื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื’ื "ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ" ื•ื’ื "ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ". ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื, ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื.
ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืก"ืช ืคืจืง ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ื“), ืื ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืชื™ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจืš ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช, "ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ", ื•ืงื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™.
ื”ืื’ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืคื ื—ืก ืžืืžืจ ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื™) ื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช. ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืืžืจ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืชืคืœื™ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื ืœืงื‘ืœ 'ื–ื›ื•ืจ', ื•ืชืคืœื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืขื ืฉืžืืœื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ 'ืฉืžื•ืจ', ื•ืžื” ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ืืžืจื• ืื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืœืชืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื”ื•". ื•ืชืžื” ื”ืื’ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื”). ื•ืคืกืง ื”"ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื›ืžื• ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ื›ื” ื”), ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื’ืจ"ื (ืก"ืง ื™ื– ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื” ื“"ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘). ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ.
ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื˜ื” (ืžื“ ืข"ื‘) "ืฉื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื” โ€“ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”" ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืจื ื•ืจืš ื”ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืคืŸ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื•ื”ื™ืจื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื? ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ.
ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ (ื‘ื ื“ืฃ ืžื’), ืฉื”ืคืกืง ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืฉื•"ืข (ืฉื ืกืข' ื™"ื). ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ืื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื” โ€“ ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš.
ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ืฉื (ืกืข' ื˜') ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื•ืื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ". ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™' "ื•ืื ืกื— ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš. ืื ืฉืžืข ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืฉืœ ืจืืฉ โ€“ ืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืœื ืฉื•ืชืง ื•ืฉื•ืžืข ื•ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื".
ืื ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืžืข ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ื•ืฉื›ื— ื•ืขื ื” ืœืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื• ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœื“ืขืช ื”"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ (ืžื’"ื ืก"ืง ื™ื–. ืฉื•ืข"ื” ืก"ืข ื›ื. ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืก"ืง ืœื•), ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื˜"ื– ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืื ืขื ื” โ€“ ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื˜"ื– ืก"ืง ื— ื›ื”"ื— ืก"ืง ืกื’. ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ืจื ื™).
ืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื
ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื“ื•ื“ื• ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื“ืงื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืคื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ", ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืžื– ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืฉืœ ืจืืฉ โ€“ ืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“, ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ. ืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื. ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœืœื›ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ืœ. ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื”. ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ื ื™ื”ื. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข". ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื•ืžืœืื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”' ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื".
ืœืžื” ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืœืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”? ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื? ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“ ืข"ื). ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ โ€“ ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”' ืืชื ื•ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื: ืืœ ืชืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื โ€“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉืœื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“.

ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื

ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืคืจ' ื“' ื”ืœ' ื›"ื•) ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืœื‘ืฉืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืฉืขื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ. ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืกื™' ืœ"ื– ืกืขื™' ื‘'): "ืžืฆื•ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืงื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื™ื— ื‘ื”ื ื•ืฉืœื ื™ืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืžื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืž"ืž ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ืง"ืฉ ื•ืชืคื™ืœื”".
ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืœืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ืจื‘ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืจื ื›ื’): "ื•ืืฉืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื•ื ื–ื”ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฉื ืจื‘ื, ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื–ืœื”"ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ, ื•ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื ื‘ืžื ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื“"ื, ื‘ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื”, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคืืคื™ืจืฉ ื–"ืœ, ื•ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืžื•ื ื™ื, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื".
ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื• (ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜"ืœ) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื™ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื’"ื (ืก"ืง ื‘') ื•ื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ืก"ืง ื’') ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘"ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ" (ืก"ืง ื’'). ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื "ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืก"ืง ื™') ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื "ื‘ ืข"ื ืฉื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ".
ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืกืชื”ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช: "ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืขืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืคืจืง ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉื ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื”" (ืืจืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•"ื— ืœ"ื– ืก"ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ ืื•ืช ืกื’') ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ืจื™ืฉ ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ) ืฉื›ืš ืžื ื”ื’ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื. "ื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ื“ื ื‘ืŸ ืชื™ืžื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื– ื›ื ืžืจ ื•ื™ืขื™ื– ืคื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืœืขื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืืœ ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”".
ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™ืšึธ
ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึดื›ึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™ืšึธ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื”ื•ึนืฆึดืึฒืšึธ ื”' ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื". ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืฉืžืข" ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ึฐืฉืึดื ึผึทื ึฐืชึผึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื“ึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœึถื›ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื‘ึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืึธื›ึฐื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงื•ึผืžึถืšึธ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘"ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข": "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ืึตืœึผึถื” ืขึทืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึฐื›ึถื ื•ึผืงึฐืฉืึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึนืชึธื ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื: ื•ึฐืœึดืžึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึนืชึธื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึธื".
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ื”ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืจืช ื”' ื‘ืคื™ืš". ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช. ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื™ื•ื”ืจื.
ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื”
ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึดื™ืงึธืจ ื‘ึผึทืœ ื™ึธืœึดื™ืŸ
ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื•", ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉืŸ (ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜). ืื‘ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืžื ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืžื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืœื•).
ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืจืื• ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” โ€“ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื ืช ืงื‘ืข, ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื— ื“ืขืชื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ื— ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืจืžื– ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึดื™ืงึธืจ ื‘ึผึทืœ ื™ึธืœึดื™ืŸ ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึทืœ ื›ึผึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžื•ึนืช ื ึดื“ึฐืžื•ึผ" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžื˜ ื™ื’). ืžืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืฉืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจ", ืฉ"ื™ืงืจ" ืืœื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ "ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึดื™ืงึธืจ ื‘ึผึทืœ ื™ึธืœึดื™ืŸ" ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื“ื ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ื•"ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึทืœ ื›ึผึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžื•ึนืช ื ึดื“ึฐืžื•ึผ" (ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”).
ืืžื ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืขื ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ืคืฆื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืœื ื—ืคืฆื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื ื”' ื›ืžื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืืœื ืจืง ืจืžื•ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื—ืช ื“ืขืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืขื ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ื’ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื• ืฉืชื—ื˜ืคื• ืฉื™ื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื“ื ืงื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืฆื ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื. "ื•ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ืŸ โ€“ ื™ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš" ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ("ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’). ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื™ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื” ("ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ื ื“ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’).
ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื
ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœื“ืจืš ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” โ€“ ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ โ€“ ืœื“ืขืช ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื™"ื— ืžืฉืขืœื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื—ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื™ืงืจื ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ืฅ ืžืžืฉ ืื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืคื ืื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ืกื•ืžืš ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ื–ืžื ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื“', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื ืื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ืžืกืข โ€“ ื™ืงืจื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’), ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืชืคืœืœ.
ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื• ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ืขืช ืื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ืคื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื—): "ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื ืœื“ืจืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉืขืœื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื•ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืžืœืงืจื•ืช ืง"ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื”. ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ืกื•ืžืš ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืชืคืœื”, ื”ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื˜ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืžืขื•ืžื“, ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœืš ื•ื™ืกืžื•ืš ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืชืคืœื”". ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ื™ืงืจืื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ.
ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื“ืจืš
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ื™ื“) ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืืžื ื ืื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืชืจ. ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช "ืฆืคืจื ื˜ื‘ื" ื•ื›ื“', ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื: ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืœึทื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ืงึนื“ึถื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ, ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืื•ึน ื‘ึผึธืžึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื‘) "ื—ึดื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทืžึผึถื” ื ึถื—ึฐืฉืึธื‘ ื”ื•ึผื". ืึทืœ ืชึผึดืงึฐืจึตื™ "ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื”" ืึถืœึผึธื "ื‘ึผึธืžึธื”". ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืึธืžึทืจ, ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื—ึฒืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืœึฐื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึถืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึผึท?
ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืžืจื: ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ืึดื™ื“ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืจ ืึทื‘ึผึดื™ืŸ, ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึผึทืจ ืึทืฉืึฐื™ึธืืŸ, ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐืึธื“ึธื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื—ึฒืคึธืฆึธื™ื• ืงึนื“ึถื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื”) "ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื™ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ, ื•ึฐื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื ืœึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึธื™ื•". ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ืึดื™ื“ึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืจ ืึทื‘ึผึดื™ืŸ, ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึผึทืจ ืึทืฉืึฐื™ึธืืŸ, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฆึตื ืœึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ, ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื—ึฒืคึธืฆึธื™ื•, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ "ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื™ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ, ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉื‚ึตื ืœึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึธื™ื•".
ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ
ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืชืŸ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืŸ. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื• ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืžืจืื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ.
ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ 42 ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื ื”' ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืคืฅ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืื™ื ื” ื›ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื›ื’ ืข"ื‘) ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื"ืจ ื—ืกื“ื, ื”ืื™ ืกื•ื“ืจื ื“ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืื–ืžื ื™ื” ืœืžื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื” ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื” ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื” ืคืฉื™ื˜ื™. ืื–ืžื ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื”, ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืื–ืžื ื™ื” ืฉืจื™ ืœืžื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื” ื–ื•ื–ื™". ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช โ€“ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘"ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš" (ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืค"ื“ ื”"ื˜. ืฉื•"ืข ืž"ื‘, ื‘').
ืืžื ื ืื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืฉืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื’ื ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืื• ืžืจืื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ืฉื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื”ื–ืžื ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื’"ื ืฉื ืก"ืง ื”' ืžืฉ"ื‘ ืก"ืง ื™"ื‘ ื•ืงื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืก"ืง ื™"ื’ ื˜"ื– ื•ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื ืกืข' ื˜'). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืœื ืขืฉื” ืชื ืื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืคืขื ืื—ืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
ืฉืงื™ืช ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื” ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืคืฅ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉ"ื‘ ืก"ืง ื™"ื). ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืžืจืื” ืื• ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฆื“ืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื ื™ื— ื‘ื” ื’ื ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ.
ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžื’ืฉื, ืœื›ืœื•ืš ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” โ€“ ื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื“ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืข"ื› ืžืงืœื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืื›ืœื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉ"ื‘ ืกื™' ืž"ื‘ ืก"ืง ื™"ื ื•ืงื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืก"ืง ื›').
ืื ืื“ื ืืžืจ ืฉืฉืงื™ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ืช ืฉืชื—ืชื™ื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื. ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื’ื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ (ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“):

ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืชืœื™ื ืžื™ืœืชื
ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืจืฆื” ื”ืจื‘ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ! ื”ืœื” ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื ื›ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ! ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ! ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘: ืงื•ื“ื ืžื ืฉืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื...
(ืžืชื•ืš "ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš", ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ-ืฉื•ืฉืŸ)

ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื‘
ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ืจืง ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื—ื“ื™ ืขื™ืŸ ืจืื•. ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื. ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืื• ืืกื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื™ื— ื–ื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืกื™ืคืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืงื ื•ื ื™ืืŸ, ื›ื™ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืชืง ื•ืœื ืขื ื” ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืš. "ืกื•ื“ ื”' ืœื™ืจืื™ื• ื•ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื".

ืงื˜ืข ืœืžื•ื‘ืื”:

ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ: "ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื–ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™-ื‘ืชื™ื, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช, ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื ื”ืคืกืง"



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ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืคืช. ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ.
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il