ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืืžืจื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ื
  • ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื—
ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืคื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื:
ื) ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื—ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื"ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ื—ื•ืžืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื, ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื—"ื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื•ืช ื•). ื‘ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื• (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื—"ื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื•ืช ื•).
ื‘) ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœืื” ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืขื•ื“ ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืž ื›ืœืœ ืงื›ื ืขืžื•ื“ 246).
ื’) ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฉืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ืขืชืง ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• (ื™ืฉ ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืžืขืชื™ืง ืขืฆืžื• - ืจ' ื™ื—ื™ืืœ - ืฉื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืืš ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ (ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืช ื’)).
ื“) ืžืื– ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ื”'ืจืค"ื’ [1523]) ื ื•ืกืคื• ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืช ื’. ืืžื ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงืจืื˜ืืฉื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืคืจื“ืก)).
ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ืœื™
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ืขื• ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื•ื”ื’ื™ื”ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืข"ืค ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
ื) ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ื•ื "ื›ื“ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ", ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ "ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื•". ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื˜ืขื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• "ื›ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ" (ืžืจืื” ื”ืคื ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืค"ื ื”"ื‘ [ื™ื.]).
ื‘) ื‘ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื™ืชืชืจ" (ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ื‘ื™ืช ืชืจ"), ื•ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืœ"ื‘ื™ืชืจ", ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™.
ื’) ื‘ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื“ืช ืžืจ", ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ "ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ" (ื›ืžื• "ื“ืืช ืืžืจ"). ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืœ"ื“ืชื™ืžืจ", ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืชื•ืš ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืœื” "ื“ืชื™ืžื" ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืงื˜ื• ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื.
ื“) ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื”, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ "ื”ืœื›ื”", ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘". ื•ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ" ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืžืฉืœ "ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ".
ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืื‘ื“ื•
ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ื• (ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืž ื›ืœืœ ืงื›ื ืขืžื•ื“ 246), ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื–ื” ืกื“ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืืœื ืฉืื‘ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• (ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื - ืžืจืื” ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืค"ื ื”"ื• [ื”:] ื“"ื” ืืžืจ, ืคืจืงื™ ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ 511).
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ - ืกื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช: ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืงื™ื ื›ื-ื›ื“, ืžื›ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื’ ื•ื ื™ื“ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ื“-ื™, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืืœื ืฉืื‘ื“ (ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื—"ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ 219. ืืžื ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืœ ืคืจืง ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื•ื”ื• ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื”, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ื›ืคืœืช ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืงื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ื’ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืคืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื (ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ืกืคื— ื)).
ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉืื ืฅ (ืžืจืื” ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื ื”"ื [ื’:] ื“"ื” ืขืœ). ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™" (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืžื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกื›ืช). ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื, ื•ืจืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื (ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื˜ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืกื™' ื‘ ืื•ืช ื• ืขืžื•ื“ 130).
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืืžืช ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืืœื ืžืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ืคืกื™ืงืชื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ ื™ืœืžื“ื ื•, ื•ื“ืจื›ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™" (ืืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” (ืžื”ืจ"ืฅ ื—ื™ื•ืช) ืกื™' ื‘:), ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื ืืกืคื• ืžื”ื’ื ื™ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืฉื "ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™" (ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืจืก"ื˜ [1909]).
ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”
ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•, ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืื• ืฉื•ื ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” (ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื). ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื’ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฆื•ื ื–ืจื• ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” (ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 239), ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”:
ื) ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืค"ื• ื”"ื• [ื›ื—:], ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืฉื) - ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื”, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืจืง ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื”.
ื‘) ืฉื ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื• (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืค"ื‘ ื”"ื‘ [ื™:, ื™ื.], ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืฉื) - ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื’ื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืŸ ืคื ื“ื™ืจื", ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื ืžื—ืงื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“, ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ืข"ื™ ืžื’ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื‘ืื•, ืืš ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•) ื”ื ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืฉื•ื‘.
ื“ืคื•ืก ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ื‘ื• ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• (ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”) ื”ืžื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืžื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื (ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืช"ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 239).
ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื’ื•ื™" ื•"ื’ื•ื™ื™ื" ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืขื›ื•"ื", ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”" ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ืœ"ืขื›ื•"ื", ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืžืฉื•ืžื“" ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื” ืœ"ืžื•ืžืจ" (ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”).
ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžื•ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™
ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื™ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื—"ื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื•ืช ื–, ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื˜ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืกื™' ื‘ ืื•ืช ื ืขืžื•ื“ 127). ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืžื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืžืืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืœ ืฉืฉืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืžืฉื ื” (ื—ื•ืžืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื“).
ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ืขืฉื• ืข"ื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ืฉื•, ืืš ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื ืชืงืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื’ื” ืข"ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื›ืš ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื• ืžื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ (ืคืจืงื™ ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ 582).


ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il