ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืืžื•ื ืช ืขื™ืชืš
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
27 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืง, ื•ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”. ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ 'ื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื›ืœื™ื' ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ื ืคื—ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืฉื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืง. ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื•ืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•?! ืืš ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื–ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืœื‘ืจืจื” ืขื“ ืชื•ื, ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืจืขื”. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื”, ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื›ืœื™ื
ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ 'ื›ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ืŸ'. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื 1 ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉ'ื˜ืขื ื›ืขื™ืงืจ' ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ื‘ืืช ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคืœื˜ ืœืžืื›ืœ. ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืื•ืกืจืช 'ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ื' ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืœื”.
ื‘. ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื
ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ. ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื›ื–ื• 'ืชื›ืจื™ื—' ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ืจืื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืŸ:
1. ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ
ื‘ื’ืžืจื 2 ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉืฉืืœื• ืืช ืžืจื™ืžืจ ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ 'ืงื•ื ื™ื', ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ืช ื—ืœืงื”: ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื ื‘ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืžืชื›ืช, ืื• ืฉืžื ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื. ืžืจื™ืžืจ ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ืžื›ืš ืฉ'ื—ื–ื™ื ื ืœื”ื• ื“ืžื“ื™ื™ืชื™' ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืžื“ื™ื™ืชื™' โ€“ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ 3 ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉ'ืžื–ื™ืขื™ื ื“ื•ืคื ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื—ืžืช ื‘ืœื™ืขืชืŸ', ื•ื”'ืžืื™ืจื™' ื•ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื›ืชื‘ื• 'ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื—ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ื•... ื‘ืœื™ืขืชื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื“ืคื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืžืฉื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื'. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฉื›ื–ื•. ืืžืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ืฉ ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžืชื›ืช ืœื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื; ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ 'ืงื•ื ื™ื' ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื•ืœื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืžืชื›ื•ืช. ืืš ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืฉื’ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืชื›ื•ืช 'ืžื“ื™ื™ืชื™', ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื 4 , ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื 'ื“ืœื ืžื“ื™ื™ืชื™'.
2. ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื›ืจืช
ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื 5 ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื“ื ืฉื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืืฆืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื™ื™ื ื•, ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื ื‘ืœืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ - ื‘ื™ืŸ 20%-15% ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช
ื‘- 1.5% ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ืจื‘ื” ื–ื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ 6 ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉื›ืฉืžืฉืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืขืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ืงื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”'. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื”ื• 'ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”' โ€“ 'ืื™ื›ื ื“ืืžืจื™ ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืŸ), ื•ืื™ื›ื ื“ืืžืจื™ ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ื‘ืœืขื” ืงื“ื™ืจื” (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืคืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื ื‘ืœืขื” ื‘ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืฆืจืคื” ืœืฉื™ืฉื™ื)'. ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื ื‘ืœืขื” ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื‘ื”, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืขืจื” ื•ืœืฆืจืคื” (ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•). ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืคืกืง ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข, ื•ืžื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื’ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ. ืื ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื.
3. ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื›ืจืช
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจ"ืŸ 7 'ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืจื” ืื—ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื ืฉืชื ื” ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื“ื”ื•ื” ืœื™ื” ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื‘'. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™, ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื›ืœืœ.
4. ื ืชื™ื ืช ื˜ืขื
ื”ืฉื•"ืข 8 ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉ'ื”ืชื•ื—ื‘ ื›ืฃ ื—ื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ... ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืงื“ื™ืจื”'. ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื•ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœื˜ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื ื• ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืกืคืง ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืœืข ื›ื•ืœื•. ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื 9 ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” (ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืœ- 175,000), ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืกืคืง ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขื ื ืคืœื˜ ืžื”ื›ืœื™, ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ื‘ื›ื•ืœื•'.
ื’. ื”ืชืจืช ื›ืœื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื•
1. ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ
ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืืœื• ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืชืฉืคื™ืข ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™:
ื”ืคืจื“ื” โ€“ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืžื”, ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช. ืืš ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืขื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืงื“ืจื” (ื‘ืขืจืš ืื—ืช ืœ- 175,000), ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื•ื 'ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”'. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข 10 , ืฉ'ืื ื ื‘ืœืข ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœืชื•ืš ื›ืœื™ ื›ืฉืจ, ืื ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืคืข ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื˜ืขื'. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื›ืœืœ 11 , (ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื• 12 , ืื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ 13 ). ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื˜ืขื ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžืื›ืœ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื›ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื˜ืขื. ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื˜ืขื ืžื•ืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ืงื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ื˜ืขื, ื‘ื˜ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” 14 .
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืืฃ ืื ื ื›ืจื™ืข ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืž"ื 15 , ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื—ืœื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืขื™ืฆื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข, 'ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื›ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ื™ื›ืจ'. ื•'ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ' 16 ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ื›ืชื‘ 'ื•ืงืขืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช - ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืœื‘ื“... ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื–ืœื’ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื... ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ'. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘, ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื. ืืš ืžื›ืœ ื”ื "ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื—ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ 'ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ' ืืœื ืœืกืžืŸ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื ื—ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืœื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉืจื™ ื•ื—ืœื‘ื™ (ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงืช ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžื ื•ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ื”). ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ' 17 , ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื ื”ืคืจื“ื”.
ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืคืจื•ื•ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ืขื ื—ืœื‘ (ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš) ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื”.
ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืฉื ื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžืื›ืœื™ื โ€“ ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืกืจืช.
ืืš ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš' 18 (ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ) ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื“ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื›ืฃ ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืงื“ืจื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ืœืขืช.
ื”ื›ืฉืจื” โ€“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืœื ื™ื–ื•ื–ื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื, ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื ืžืกืžืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืืžื ื ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ืžืขื˜: ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื›ืœืœ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืœืขื•); ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ืžืขื˜, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื ื‘ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื•ืœื”ืคืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื”ื.
2. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื
ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื 19 ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื: 'ืงื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื” ื—ืœื‘, ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœ - ื‘ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื•ื™ื›ืจื™ืข ื”ืื ื ืคืœื˜ ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื˜ืขื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ืจื”)'. ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืคืกืง ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข 20 . ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืกืจ ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื. ืžื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื 21 ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ื˜ืขื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื˜ืขื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื โ€“ ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืžื•ืชืจืช.
ืืœื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช 22 : ื. ื‘'ื˜ืขืžื' โ€“ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช. ื‘. ื‘'ืงืคื™ืœื' โ€“ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื›ืฉืจื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื’ื•ื™ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ (ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ืจืจ ืœืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช). ื’. ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื โ€“ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช.
ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข 23 , ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ืืกืจืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ืจืจ ื–ืืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื™ื™ืžืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืืš ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉื ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉ'ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืกืžื•ืš ืืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื'. ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืž"ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื:
ื. ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืจ โ€“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉ"ืš 24 ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื›ืœืœ. ืžืฉืžืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื’ื•ื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื”'ืฉืคืชื™ ื“ืขืช' 25 ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉ'ืงืคื™ืœื' ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืจืง ืœื—ื•ืžืจื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืื–ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืกืจื•, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื - ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื• ืืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ 26 . ืœืคื™ ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืชื™ืืกืจ 27 . ืืžื ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื 28 ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืื—ืจืช ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืื•ืžื“ื ื ืื—ืจืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื” ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื— ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืž"ื 29 , ืฉื“ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฉื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ 'ื•ืืข"ื’ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื’ื•ืจ ื“ืžื™ืžื™ื• ืœื ืจืื” ื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืฉื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืกืžื›ื™ ืืงืคื™ืœื, ืž"ืž ื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื˜ืขืžื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ื˜ืขืžื ื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœื•ื, ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ ื›ืœืœ'. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืกื•ืžืš ื”ืจืž"ื 30 .
ื‘. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื โ€“ ื‘'ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ' 31 ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื—ืฉืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื 'ืงืคื™ืœื' ืื•ืžืŸ ื ืืžืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืื“ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื— ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื˜ืืช' 32 , ืฉื›ืชื‘ 'ื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืงื™ืื™ืŸ'. ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืกืคืจ 'ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื˜ืืช' ื›ืชื‘ 'ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืงื™ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื™ืžื”' 33 . ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืกื™ืง ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ 34 ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ.
ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ืฉื, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉ'ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชื™ื ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ื—ื–ื™ืจ... ื’ื ืžืกื™ื—ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืžืŸ ื›ืŸ, ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ื–ื” ืคื•ืฆื” ืคื”', ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ื•ืชื™ื ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”'ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”' 35 ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช, ื•ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื’ื ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ, ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ, ืฉืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืื“ื ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื ืคืœื˜ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ ืœืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• 36 , ื•ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ 37 , ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื 38 , ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ โ€“ ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ 39 . ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื˜ืขื•ื ื›ืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ืืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื 40 . ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื•ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ, ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื“ืขืช ื”'ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”' ืฉืืฃ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ - ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ.
ืจืื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื "ื˜ ื‘ืจ ื "ื˜: ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืข"ื‘) ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืฉื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ืžืžื• ื‘ืกื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ืœื‘. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื•ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื•. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ: ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื? ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื, ืœืžื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ? ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื, ืœืžื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจ? ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ 41 ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื• ื˜ืขื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื›ืœ, ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืœื‘ื™/ื‘ืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืœื‘ื™/ื‘ืฉืจื™, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื, ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื•. ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื "ื˜ ื‘ืจ ื "ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชืจืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ืœื ื˜ืขื™ืžื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘'ื”ื™ืชืจื' ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืกืชืžื ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืงืœื•ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืœื•ืข ืžืื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื˜ืขืžื• ืงืœื•ืฉ, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื 42 ื•ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื 43 ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช ืžื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ืขื ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘'ื”ื™ืชืจื' - ืื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ืื•ืกืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืงืœื•ืฉ, ื•ืจืง ื‘'ืื™ืกื•ืจื' ื˜ืขื ื›ื–ื” ืื•ืกืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืกื›ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžืื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ โ€“ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœื” ื‘ื• ืžื•ืชืจืช.
3. ืฉื™ืขื™
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ 44 ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ื”ื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ื•, ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื ืงืจื™ืขื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืขืชื• ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื•. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ืžืจื 45 ืฉื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืืกืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœืขื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืฉื™ืข', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื—ืœืง, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข. ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืงืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื–ืง ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื”: ื. ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืœื ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ืกืžื™ืš ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื ื‘ืœืข ื’ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ืื•ืกืจื• 46 . ื‘. ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื ืฉืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืืœื ื‘ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื‘ ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ืขื ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืžื•, ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืื•ืกืจื•, ื•ื›ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•"ืข 47 . ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื.
ืืš ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืขื™ืœ 48 , ืฉื ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉืฉืืœื• ืืช ืžืจื™ืžืจ ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ 'ืงื•ื ื™ื'? ืืœื• ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ืช ื—ืœืงื” 'ื“ืฉื™ืขื™'. ืžืจื™ืžืจ ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ืžื›ืš ืฉ'ื—ื–ื™ื ื ืœื”ื• ื“ืžื“ื™ื™ืชื™' (ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืฆื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ), ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ืฉื ืืกืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืงื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื›ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ 'ืงื•ื ื™ื': ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืืฃ ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข 49 , ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ื•ืœื”ืชื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืขืœื” (ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื›ืœืœ) 50 .
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื 'ืฉื™ืขื™' ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืœื‘, ืฉ'ืฉื™ืข ื•ืœื ื‘ืœืข' 51 . ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื 52 ื”ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ 'ืงื•ื ื™ื' ืฉ'ืฉื™ืขื™' 53 , ืืš 'ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ' 54 ื•'ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš' 55 ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื“ื™ืŸ 'ืฉื™ืข' ื ื“ื—ื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•.
ื“. ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืจืช ื›ืœื™ื
1. ื”ืชืจืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื
ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ืขืœืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื. ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– 56 ืฉื‘ืืจืฆื• ื”ื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืจืฆืœืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื›ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื. ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื“ื•ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื:
ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืฉ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ืฉืœื”ื‘ืช ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืขื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื™ืคื” ื•ื“ืงื“ืงืชื™ ืžืฉืงืœื” ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื•ืš ืงื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื•ืจื—ืฆืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื ื™ื’ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื™ืคื”, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ืขืชื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืจืฆืœืŸ ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืคืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช 57 .
ืžืงื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื 58 ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืกื— ืืช ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ, 'ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื”ื ื˜ืขืžื™ ืœื”ื• ื›ื•ืœื™ ืฉืชื ื•ืœื™ื›ื ื˜ืขื ื—ืžืฅ'. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื˜ืขื ื—ืžืฅ, ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื— ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื• 59 . ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”', ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื˜ืขื ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉ'ืื—ื–ื•ืงื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืŸ'. ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ 'ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ', ืฉืืกืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื— ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ืฉื ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื‘ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืžืฅ. ืืœื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™, ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืืžื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื, ืืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”'ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ' ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื (ื. ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื‘. ืœื ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื˜ืขื ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”). ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืžื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ืคืจื“ ืื• ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”.
2. ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช
ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช. ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ 60 ื”ื•ื‘ื: 'ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื•ืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช... ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื‘ื•ืœืข ื•ืžืคืœื™ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืžืจ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช'. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื” 61 ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื 'ื“ืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืœืข', ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื 62 . ืืžื ื ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื™ืืœ 63 ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืคืกืง ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื (ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื 64 ). ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืœืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช: ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ืืš ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš (ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื” ื’ื ืœืงื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื™ืืœ 65 ืžืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฆื ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ'ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฆื', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืขืชื ื• 66 ).
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืกืง ื”'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš' ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื— 67 : 'ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช... ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”ื›ืฉืจ, ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืขืœืžื ืกื’ื™ ืœื”ื•'. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง 68 , ื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืจืฆืœืŸ 69 ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช 70 .
ืืš ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”' 71 ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”'ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ' ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืžืชื™ืจื™ื, 'ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื”'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš' ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื—. ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื™ืืœ, ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก. ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื 72 . ืืžื ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื—, ื•ืœื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš 73 ืฉืคืกืง ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ืœื ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืืœื ืฉืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื›ืš ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืขื˜ ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื ืคืœื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ 74 , ื•ื‘ืคืกื— ืฉื—ืžืฅ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•, ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื; ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื 75 .
ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”' ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช. ื“ืขืช ื”ื˜"ื– 76 ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื. ืืš ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื’"ื 77 ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืœื ืื ื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ. ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”'ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื' 78 ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช: ื”ื˜"ื– ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ืœืขืช ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืืš ื”ืžื’"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ, ืฉื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ื•ืœืขืช ืžืขื˜, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ'ื—ืžืฅ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•'. ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื—, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื”ืžื’"ื ื™ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืืฃ ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช 79 .
ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืžื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืœื ื ืคืœื˜ ื˜ืขื, ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืืกื•ืจื”. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืž"ื (ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ) ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ? 80 ื ืจืื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ืžื›ืœื™, ืฉืฉื™ืขืจื• ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžืžื ื•, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ. ืืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื•. ื‘. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ืฉืืกืจ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืขืœื”. ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื”ื 81 . ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืชื• ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื“ืจื™ื, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืžืื›ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ 82 (ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื [ื›ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื˜"ื–] ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ืืกืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื ืืกืจ ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื ืื™ืกื•ืจ 83 ).
ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื. ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' 84 ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ ื•ื•ืจืฉื (ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื) ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื. ื•ืžืงืฉื” ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืืกืžื›ืชื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ:
ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื ื ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื–"ืœ (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ), ื•ืžื™ ืœื ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื”ืงื•ืœืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ื•ืจื—ื•ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' ืฉื’ื ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื:
ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื”, ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืžื–ื™ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืžืฉืืจ ืขืคืจ, ืื• ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขืคืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื• ืžืžืฉ.
ื“ืขืช ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืž"ื ืœืฉื•"ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ื—ื›ืžื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉืฉื• ืœื–ื™ื•ืคื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' ืฉืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ื™ื’ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืœืข, ื”ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ. ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ:
ื•ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื•ื•ืจืฉื ื™ืฆ"ื•, ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื™ืฆ"ื• ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืจืฉื, ืื•ืœื™ ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉืืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื... ื•ื’ื ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืจืฉื ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื™ืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”'ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“' ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื’ื ืœืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื.
3. ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช
ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืกืชื™ืžื•ืช. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘. ืืš ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”' 85 : 'ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉื•ื ืื“ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœื ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืชืงืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืคืขืžื™ื ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ื‘ืข"ื› ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืง ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืœื•ืข ืœืชื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื•"ืช ืจื‘ื™ื 86 . ื•ืืฃ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ืื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื (ืฉื”ืจื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื‘ื–ื”ื‘).
ื”. ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ
ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืืกื•ืจ โ€“ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื›ืš ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืืœื ืจืง ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื. ืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื›ื–ื”: ื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืž"ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื”. ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื - ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืœื›ืœื™, ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื‘ืœื ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœืœื™, ืืœื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœื™ื ืžื ื™ืจื•ืกื˜ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื 87 .
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื”ื’ ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื•ืกื™ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ืขื. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”'ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ' 88 ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืขื›ื•"ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”'ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ', ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžืคืฉื˜ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื•ืช: 'ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื“ื™ืขื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืžื“ื™ื ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืชืจื”... ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื ื“ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื' .
ืœืฉื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ืฆื˜ื˜ ืžืฉื•"ืช 'ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”' 89 ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืจืฉื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
ื•ื™ื“ืข ื›ืชืจ"ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืจืง ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืข"ืค ื—ื›ื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื”ืœ ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื ื˜ืขื ืœืžื” ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื˜ื•ืขื™ื, ืืฃ ืื ืฉืืจ ืงื”ืœื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื”ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืžื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื ืขื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื ืืฃ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืชืจืฅ - ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ื .
ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื” - ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื 90 , ืฉืžื™ ืชื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขื. ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ ืชื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉืงื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื; ืืš ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”' ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”'ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช', ืฉืืกืจ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื—ืžืฅ; ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื” ืž'ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ', ืฉืืกืจ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ. ื•ื”'ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ' ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืœื™ ืชื”. ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื, ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฉื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชื™ืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื”, ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข 91 . ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืช ื›ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืื ืื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื›ืš, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื–ื• ืžื™ืžื™ ื”'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš', ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื 92 ื ื›ืชื‘: 'ืงื“ืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื” ื—ืœื‘, ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœ โ€“ ื‘ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื', ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•"ืข 93 .
ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื - ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื ืคืœื˜ ื˜ืขื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืคื™ื™ืจืงืก ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืกื’ืกื•ื’ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช, ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช. ืืš ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืขื.
ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžื›ืฉืœื” - ื’ื ืื ืื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจื ื›ืš ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื. ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื, ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชืงืœื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ื ืžืชื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืชื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืื• ื™ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ืขื ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื 94 . ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืกื™ื›ื•ื
ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืื•ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ืืš ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื›ืŸ.
ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื’ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ืืกืจื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” (ื•ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข). ืืœื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื”ื "ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ืืกืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืขืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”. ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ (ื•ื‘ืคืกื— ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ืžืฉื”ื•').
ืœื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ (ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง 95 ), ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ, ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืฆื™ืจืคื• ืงื•ืœื ื–ืืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืืกื•ืจ 96 .








^ 1.. ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘.
^ 2.. ืคืกื—ื™ื ืฉื; ืข"ื– ืœ"ื’ ืข"ื‘.
^ 3.. ืจ"ืŸ ืœืคืกื—ื™ื, ื“ืฃ ื˜ ืข"ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ.
^ 4.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื—"ื ืกื™' ืจืœื’.
^ 5.. ื‘"ืž ืž ืข"ื.
^ 6.. ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื– ืข"ื‘.
^ 7.. ืจ"ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ืฃ ืžื“ ืข"ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ.
^ 8.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื“ ืก"ืง ื.
^ 9.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช 'ื”ืžืขื™ืŸ', ืชืฉืจื™ ื˜ื‘ืช ื•ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ืคืจื ืง ืฉืืกืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื›ืœื™ื. ืืš ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืชื•ืฆืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืจืžื” ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ื˜ืขื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™.
^ 10.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื˜ ืกืขื™' ื–.
^ 11.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉ"ืš ื•ื˜"ื–, ืกื™' ืงื›ื‘ ืก"ืง ื’; ื•ืฉืค"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื˜ ืก"ืง ื›ื‘.
^ 12.. ื›ื”"ื— ืฉื, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ โ€“ ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ื”.
^ 13.. ื‘ื™ื ืช ืื“ื, ืกื™' ืžื.
^ 14.. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื“ ืœื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืฆ"ื‘ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืืœื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช, ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ื›ืจืฉื‘"ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ืขืœื” ื ืฉืืจ ืžืขื˜ ืฉื‘ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
^ 15.. ืจืž"ื ืœืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™' ืคื˜.
^ 16.. ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืคื˜ ืก"ืง ื˜ื–. ื•ื›"ื› ื’ื ื›ื”"ื—, ืก"ืง ืขื˜.
^ 17.. ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ, ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื“ ืกื™' ื”.
^ 18.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื˜ ืกืขื™' ื“.
^ 19.. ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื– ืข"ื.
^ 20.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื’ ืกืขื™' ื.
^ 21.. ื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ื‘"ื™, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชืžื– ืื•ืช ื”; ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ืกื™' ื ื“.
^ 22.. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืชื™ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ 'ืงืคื™ืœื' ื•ืžืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื ื• ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•"ืข.
^ 23.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื— ืกืขื™' ื.
^ 24.. ืฉืš, ืœืฉื•"ืข ืฉื, ืก"ืง ื”.
^ 25.. ืฉืค"ื“, ืœืฉื•"ืข ืฉื, ืก"ืง ื›ื˜.
^ 26.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืกื™' ืกื˜ ืก"ืง ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ.
^ 27.. ืืš ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ืขื™ืžื”, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ืจื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื–). ืืš ืฉื•"ืช ืื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืกื™' ื ื˜, ื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืงื“ืจื” ื™ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื ืคืง ืžื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื™ืžื”, ืฉืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืœื ื• ืฉื ืคืง ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ื•"ืข ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ. ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืขืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ.
^ 28.. ืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฆื– ืข"ื; ืžื ื—ืช ื›ื”ืŸ, ื—"ื ืกื™' ืคื–; ื•ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉ"ืš, ืœืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื— ืก"ืง ื”.
^ 29.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ืกื™' ื ื“.
^ 30.. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื–ื• ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื’ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืž"ื, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”, ื‘ืกื™' ืฆื— ืื•ืช ื, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™.
^ 31.. ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืจืข"ื, ืœืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ืกืขื™' ื.
^ 32.. ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื˜ืืช, ืกื™' ืกื ืื•ืช ื.
^ 33.. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ 'ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”', ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืืœื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื–, ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืคื˜"ื• ื”ื›"ื˜ (ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื—ื›"ื, ืกื™' ื›ื ืก"ืง ื•). ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืข"ื ื‘ืกื™' ืฆื— ื•ื‘ืกื™' ืฆื•, ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื•ืœื ืžื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ื”ืฉ"ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื ืืกืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืคื” (ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉื), ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื.
^ 34.. ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืจืข"ื ืœืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื• ืกืขื™' ื.
^ 35.. ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืจื•ืš, ืกื™' ืฆื— ืก"ืง ื”.
^ 36.. ื›ื”"ื—, ืกื™' ืฆื— ืก"ืง ื‘; ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ, ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื— ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 37.. ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื "ื˜ ื‘ืจ ื "ื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื“ื™.
^ 38.. ื›ื”"ื—, ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™"ื“.
^ 39.. ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื - ืกืคืง ืืœื ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืœื’ ืก"ืง ื‘, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืžื›ืœืœื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืฉื ืคืœื” ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืกืจื” ืืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืื ื• ืื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื•ื“ืื™, ืฉื›ืš ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉืขืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื›ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื™ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
^ 40.. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืชื, ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ืคื•ืก ืคืจืื’ ืกื™' ืงืคื’, ื•ื‘ื‘"ื™, ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชืžื– ืื•ืช ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื.
^ 41.. ื™ืฉ"ืฉ, ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค"ื— ืก"ื.
^ 42.. ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืข"ื‘.
^ 43.. ื›ืŸ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืจ"ื—, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื” ืื•ืช ื’; ื•ื›"ื› ืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืœ ื”ื’ืž' ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืข"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื• ืกืขื™' ื, ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื”.
^ 44.. ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื˜ ืข"ื‘.
^ 45.. ืคืกื—ื™ื ืขื“ ืข"ื‘.
^ 46.. ืชื•ืก', ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘; ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 47.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืขื‘ ืกืขื™' ื‘.
^ 48.. ืข"ื– ืœื’ ืข"ื‘; ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘.
^ 49.. ืจืฉ"ื™, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืฉื; ืžืื™ืจื™, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘.
^ 50.. ืžื”ืจ"ื ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื; ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื.
^ 51.. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืจ"ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื‘, ื•ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.
^ 52.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื—"ื, ืกื™ ืจืœื’.
^ 53.. ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ: 'ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ืชื™', ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืœื™ืขืชื ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ืืš ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืขืชื• ื ื™ื›ืจืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื• 'ืฉื™ืขื™', ืžื•ืชืจ.
^ 54.. ืชืจื•ื”"ื“, ืกื™' ืงืœื‘.
^ 55.. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš, ืกื™' ื ื— ืกืขื™' ื .
^ 56.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื–, ื—"ื’ ืกื™' ืชืชืžื“ (ืช"ื).
^ 57.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“, ืืกื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื” ื” ืื•ืช ื›ื, ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื.
^ 58.. ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชืžื– ืื•ืช ื”.
^ 59.. ืืžืช ืฉื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ (ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืœื ืกื™ื™ื’) ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืกื—, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื›ืœื•ื - ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ, ืœื›ื•"ืข ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืจืž"ื ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื•ืฉ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืœื ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืื—ื–ื•ืงื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ, ืฉืืกืจ ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ. ื•ืฉื, ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื? ืืœื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ืจ"ืช. ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื.
^ 60.. ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ, ืคืž"ื ื”"ื•.
^ 61.. ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืกื™' ืชืกื“.
^ 62.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื—"ื ืกื™' ืจืœื’; ืจ"ืช ื‘ืชื•ืก', ืข"ื– ืœ"ื’ ืข"ื‘, ื“"ื” ืงื•ื ื™ื; ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ืข"ื– ื›; ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ื ืชื™ื‘ ื” ื—"ื‘; ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื›ืชื, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘; ืจ"ืŸ, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 63.. ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ื’ื”ืž"ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื”; ื•ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืชืชื›ื•.
^ 64.. ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜, ืกื™' ืจื–; ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœ ืข"ื‘, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื"ื”; ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš, ืกื™' ื ื— ืกืขื™' ื , ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 65.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืคืกื—ื™ื ืกื™' ืชืงืคื‘.
^ 66.. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื ืคืกืง ื›ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฆื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืš ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ืืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœืงื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืกื‘ืจื ื–ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื•ืข ื˜ืขื ื‘ื›ืœื™, ื•ื˜ืขื ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.
^ 67.. ืฉื•"ืข, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชื ื ืกืขื™' ื›ื•.
^ 68.. ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื—"ื—, ืกื™' ืžื’.
^ 69.. ื›ื ื”"ื’, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›ื ืกืขื™' ื›; ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื”, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชื ื.
^ 70.. ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—"ื˜, ืกื™' ื›ื”.
^ 71.. ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”, ืกื™' ืชื ื ืื•ืช ื™ื˜.
^ 72.. ื›ืŸ ืกืชืžื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกื™' ืชื ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื’"ื, ืœืฉื•"ืข ืกื™' ืชื ื ืก"ืง ืžื˜.
^ 73.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงืœื” ืกืขื™' ื—. ื•ืฉื ืกืชืžื• ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื”ืžื’"ื, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชื ื ืกืขื™' ืžื˜, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืฉืื ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ืฉื”ืงืœื• ื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช.
^ 74.. ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช 'ื“ืฉื™ืขื™ ื•ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื™ืขืชื ืžืขื•ื˜ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื'.
^ 75.. ื›ื ื”"ื’, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›ื ืก"ืง ื›ื”; ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืขืงื‘, ืขืœ ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื˜ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืคื” ืื•ืช ื™ื‘ (ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืกืš ื“ืงื™ืœ ื˜ืคื™); ืžืฉื‘"ื–, ืกื™' ืชื ื ืก"ืง ืœื; ื•ื‘ืžืฉื‘"ื–, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื” ืก"ืง ื, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉ'ื”ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“'; ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ, ื—"ื ืกื™' ืžื”. ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื•"ืž ื—"ื‘, ืกื™' ืฆื; ื—ืœืงืช ื™ืขืงื‘, ืกื™' ืžื“.
^ 76.. ื˜"ื–, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชื ื ืก"ืง ืœ.
^ 77.. ืžื’"ื, ืกื™' ืชื ื ืก"ืง ืžื˜; ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘ ืกื™' ืชื ื ืก"ืง ืกื—; ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ; ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘, ืก"ืง ืงื ื”.
^ 78.. ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืฉืค"ื“, ืฉื ืก"ืง ืžื˜, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืจืง ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื˜"ื– ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•.
^ 79.. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’"ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ืžืจื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ 'ืงื•ื ื™ื', ืžื” ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉื™ืขื™, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื ื‘ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ืœื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื.
^ 80.. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉื ื”ื ืฉืื ื›ื•ืœื ืœื ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื 'ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื', ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื’ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื™ืจ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื›ื”ืื™ ื’ื•ื•ื ื.
^ 81.. ืจืื™ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืจ"ื™ ืืจื™ืืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 'ื”ืžืขื™ืŸ' ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื’, ืžื›ืš ืฉื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืชื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืืขืค"ื› ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืžื•ืš, ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš.
^ 82.. ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื›ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื•"ื— ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉ'ื•ืืฃ ื“ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื–"ืœ ืคืจืง ื™"ื– ืžืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืข ื”ื’ืขืœืช ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื›ืชื—ืœื” ืฆื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ'. ื•ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— )ื”ืœ' ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื˜) ื›ืชื‘: 'ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ื“ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืงื“ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื ื“ื—ื“ืฉื” ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื’ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”"ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื ืืกืจ, ืจืง ื“ืจื—ืžื ื ืืกืจ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื'.
^ 83.. ื•ืขืค"ื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื‘ื–ื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ืฉื•"ืข ืกื‘ื™ืจื ืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ื”ื ืžืžื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื‘ื”ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืš ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืž"ื ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉ'ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™' ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืคื•ืกืง ื›ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงืœื•ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืžื’"ื ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžืชื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื ื”ื’ืขื™ืœื•ื”ื•, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื. ืืžื ื ื”ืžืฉื "ื‘, ืก"ืง ืงื ื”, ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื’"ื.
^ 84.. ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ืืกื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื” ื” ืื•ืช ื›ื.
^ 85.. ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืคื˜ ืก"ืง ื™ื.
^ 86.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ื—"ื˜ ืกื™' ื›ื”; ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื ืกื™' ืžื’ ืื•ืช ื™ื‘; ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื–, ื—"ื ืกื™' ื™; ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื—ื•ื” ื“ืขืช, ื—"ื ืกื™' ื˜.
^ 87.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื“"ื—, ืžืขืจื›ื” ื” ืื•ืช ื›ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื•ืจืฉื ืชืจ"ื  ืขืž' 43.
^ 88.. ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืช"ืก ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื–.
^ 89.. ืฉื•"ืช ืื’"ืž, ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืกื™' ื™ื–.
^ 90.. ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ืคื•ืก ืคืจืื’ ืกื™' ืงืคื’; ื•ื‘ื‘"ื™, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืชืžื– ืื•ืช ื”; ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื.
^ 91.. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืžืฅ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื, ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ื—ืœืฉ, ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš.
^ 92.. ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืข"ื‘.
^ 93.. ืฉื•"ืข, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื’ ืกืขื™' ื.
^ 94.. ื›ืš ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจื‘ ืคืคื•ื™ืคืจ (ื“ืจืš ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืขืž' 311-312): 'ื•ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ: ื. ืฉื“ืจืš ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืชื“ื™ืจ, ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืœืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืจ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื‘ืœืข. ื‘. ืื ื ืงืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื’. ื”ื ื•ืจื ืžื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื•, ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืฃ ืœื›ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืคื•. ื“. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื’ืขืœื”, ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื ื’ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืง, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”'.
^ 95.. ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ืฉืกืžื›ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืจืช.
^ 96.. ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ืž ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”, ื”ื’ืขืœืช ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขืจื” 63, ืืกืจ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื”, ืืš ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœืช ื—ื›ื, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื• ืื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื•ื‘ื ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ืฉ ืื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ืฉืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืกื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื”ืงืœ. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื“"ื—, ืžืขืจื›ื” ื” ืื•ืช ื›ื. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื“ ืœื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆ"ื‘.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il