ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
  • ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื”ืจ"ืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื–"ืœ

ืœื›ืœืœ, ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ
ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืึดื ืชึผึนืืžึทืจ ื›ึผึฐืžึทืฉืึฐืžึธืขื•ึน1, ืœึธื ืงึทืฉืึฐื™ึธื ืžึดื™ื“ึตื™โ€ข. ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ. ืฉืึถื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื™ึดืชึผึธื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึถื” ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื™ึธืฉืึธืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืคื•ึผื ืฆึทืขึฒืจึธื ืึทื’ึฐืจึธื2*(ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื” ืžื›"ื‘) . ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึถื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื ึผึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืึตืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืฆึตืจื•ึผืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึดื›ึผื•ึผืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ ืจึนื‘ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืฆึตืจื•ึผืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึดื›ึผื•ึผืšึฐ ืฉืึถืœึผึธื”ึถื, ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื. ื•ึฐืึดื ืึทืชึผึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื™ึธืฆึธื ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึธืจึธืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืคึฐืกึตื“ึธืŸ, ืฉืึถื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ืขึนื ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™. ืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึธืฆึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึถื” ืฉืึฐืึตืœึธื”, ืฉืึถืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืœึธืึธื“ึธื, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึธืžึทืจ: ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืฃ ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึดื›ึฐืœึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืึธืžึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง ื', ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืœึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžื•ึผื›ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืกึปื’ึผึธืœึดื™ื ืœึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”. ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืœึธื”ึถื. ื•ึฐืึดื ื™ึตืฉื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืคึผื•ึนืจึถื” ืจึนืืฉื ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒื ึธื”3, ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื ึดื“ึผื•ึนืŸ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ, ื•ึผื›ึฐืœึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžื•ึผื›ึธื ึดื™ื ืœึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื. ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึถื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช. ื›ึผึดื™ ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข(ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“, ื–) , ื•ึฐื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถื, ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึธืคึตืฅ, ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื ึถื—ึฐืฉืึธื‘ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช. ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื”' ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช.
ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื
ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“, ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึดืงึผึทืจ ื”ึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผืฉื ืฉืึถืจึธืฆึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื”ึทื™ึฐื ื•ึผ, ืฉืึถืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืจึฐื—ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืึดื ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื—ื•ึผืฉื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึฐืงึทื™ึผึฐืžื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื, ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืจึฐื—ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืึฒืœึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœึฐืžึทืขึตื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื—ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืขื•ึผื˜ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช*. ื•ึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื™ึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื•ึดื™ืžึธืึตืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึตื›ึถืœ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึปืกึฐื›ึผึธื: ืœึฐืคื•ึผื ืฆึทืขึฒืจึธื ืึทื’ึฐืจึธื. ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง ืฉืึถืึทื—ึทืจ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื”ึตื ืฆึตืจื•ึผืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึดื›ึผื•ึผืšึฐโ€ข ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืฆึตืจื•ึผืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ืžึดืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืขื•ึผื˜ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช. ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืขึดืงึผึทืจ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื ึผึดืชึผึฐื ึธื” ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ื, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึฐืฆึธืจึฐืคึดื™ื ื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึน ื”ึทื—ึธืžึฐืจึดื™ืช, ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื–ึทืšึฐ ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึธืœ. ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ื›ึผึตืŸ, ืžื•ึนืชึทืจ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื” ืึทื™ึดืŸ(ืงื”ืœืช ื’, ื™ื˜) , ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื—ึธืžึฐืจึดื™ ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื”. ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ, ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื”ึตื ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืœึธืึธื“ึธื, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืคึผึธืฉืื•ึผื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืชโ€ข. ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึธืึธื‘ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐื™ึทืกึผึตืจ ื•ึผืžื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ึท ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึตืŸ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื”, ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื, ื”ึธืึธื‘ ืžึฐื–ึทื›ึผึถื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืจึฐื—ื•ึน. ื•ึฐื›ึธืšึฐ ื”' ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืขึนืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ. ื•ึฐื”ึปืชึผึฐืจึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืึตืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ: ืจึธืฆึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช.

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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื 1ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ 2ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืืžืฅ ื•ืœืฆืขืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘' ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฆืจืคื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ, ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื—ืฉืฉ, ืฉืžื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืจื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื˜ืขื ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ: ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืขื˜ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื ื™ื ืืžืจ: ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื' ื›ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื ืœืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืœื›ืœืœ ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช. ื’ื ืื ื ืžืฆื 3ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืขื˜ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืืœื ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื›ืœืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืื•ืžื ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข. ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื“ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘. ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืฉื™ื: ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฆืขืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ: ืœืคื•ื ืฆืขืจื ืื’ืจื. ื•ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฆืจืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืš ื’ื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืื“ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชื•ืฉืœื ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืชื–ื“ื›ืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื’ืฉืžื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื”ืžื”. ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืื“ื. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื• ืื‘ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘, ืœื ืชืฉื ื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืื‘ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœืฉืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืืžืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.

[ืœึธื ืงึทืฉืึฐื™ึธื ืžึดื™ื“ึตื™ โ€“ ืœื ืงืฉื” ื›ืœืœ. ืฆึตืจื•ึผืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึดื›ึผื•ึผืšึฐ โ€“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืœืžื•ืชื•. ืคึผึธืฉืื•ึผื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช โ€“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™.]


ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืืžื ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“. ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ื™ื’ืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื›ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžื’ืžืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
ืขื•ื“ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ืืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื” ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช. ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช.
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”:
ื. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื‘. ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
ื’. ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื”.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
*ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืจ?
ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึถื” ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื™ึธืฉืึธืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืคื•ึผื ืฆึทืขึฒืจึธื ืึทื’ึฐืจึธื. ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืื•ืžืจ: "ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืžื•ื ืข ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ืข ื•ืžืชืงืจื‘, ืชืจืื” ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ืชื“ื‘ืง ืฉื ื•ื›ืžื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื• โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ืข ื•ืžืชืงืจื‘. ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื•ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื• ืืฃ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื•ื ืข, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš" [ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื”, ื›ื’]. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืงืฉืจ ื—ื–ืง ืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืืฆืœื ื• โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืงืฉืจ ื—ื–ืง ืœืงื‘"ื”. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืืชืžื•ืœ โ€“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื”ืฉื›ืจ.

*ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืœ-ื›ื•ืจื—ื?
ื”ึทื™ึฐื ื•ึผ, ืฉืึถืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืจึฐื—ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื‘ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช. ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืจืง ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืืš ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื•. ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ-ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืืœื™ื•. ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืจืฆื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื" โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืœื”ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขืฆื ืจืฆื•ื ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืœื [ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื” ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืง ื˜, ืคื™ืกืงื” ืกื–].

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื’ื ืื ืœืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ?
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืžืชืขืกืง ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”' ืจืฆื” ืœ'ื–ึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ', ื”ืื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช?
ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช:
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il